Data from: Metabolomic profiling reveals shifts in defenses of an invasive plant
Creators
- 1. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, the People's Republic of China
- 2. ZMBP, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Analytics Unit, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- 3. Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research Centre, the Netherlands
- 4. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- 5. Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
- 6. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Plant Ecology Group, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Aeres University of Applied Sciences, Almere, Stadhuisstraat 18, 1315 HC Almere, the Netherlands
Description
Abstract. The Shifting Defense Hypothesis predicts that introduced exotic plants evolve increased defenses against generalist herbivores and decreased defenses against specialists that are often absent in the introduced range. This hypothesis has received mixed evidence, and there is limited insight in its chemical basis from targeted analysis. Here, we provide an untargeted metabolomic analysis of native and invasive Purple Loosestrife populations and we experimentally test if admixture between introduced populations provides a basis for rapid defense chemistry evolution. Invasive populations showed improved growth and generalist herbivore resistance, but lower resistance to a specialist weevil. Metabolomic profiling revealed large shifts in chemistry between native and invasive populations, including differences in alkaloids and flavonoids. Experimental admixture increased chemical diversity and plant growth in the native populations, indicating its potential to fuel rapid evolution, but admixture did not affect generalist and specialist herbivory. Our comprehensive untargeted metabolomics results provide strong support for the Shifting Defense Hypothesis.
Data sets description:
- Metabolite data: LCMS_pos.xlsx and LCMS_neg.xlsx
Metabolites were extracted from the 3rd to 4th pairs of leaves (from top to bottom) of experimental Lythrum salicaria plants, which originated from three regions in Europe and three regions in North America, and were analyzed by LC-MS. Electrospray ionization was carried in in positive mode (LCMS_pos.xlsx) and in negative mode (LCMS_neg.xlsx). The LC-MS profiles were analyzed by software SIMCA v13.0, and the number of metabolites and their unique compounds were also classified and analyzed. The data sets show retention times and mass-over-charge ratios (in rows) organized by individual plant samples (in columns). Plant samples were analyzed in four batches (two each for positive and negative mode), and are labeled by their population of origin and cross type:
IALS: Iowa – Little South Storm Lake
IML: Idaho – Middleton
NJS1: New Jersey – Site 1
NW: Netherlands – Wageningen
PG: Potsdam – Geltow
TR: Tübingen – Reusten
Intra: sample from intra-population cross
Pop: sample from cross between populations from the same region
Reg: sample from cross between populations from different regions
- Herbivory and plant trait data: Phenotypes.xlsx
The plant height, main stem width, generalist and specialist feeding results of L. salicaria plants used in the experiments. Data are from individual plants, which are characterized by origin (North America or Europe), Region (three regions per origin), Sample site (three sites per region) and cross type (experimental plant derived from either ‘intrapop’ cross (cross within sample site) or ‘interregion’ cross (cross between sample sites from different regions)).
Height: plant height in cm
Diameter: main stem diameter in mm
Specialist: number of holes eaten on the tested leaf
Generalist: total leaf surface area consumed by herboivores (cm2)
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