Published January 25, 2022
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Phylogenomics and Fossil Data Inform the Systematics and Geographic Range Evolution of a Diverse Neotropical Ant Lineage
Creators
- 1. Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA,
- 2. Department of Science and Education, Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA,
- 3. Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA,
- 4. Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, 10115, Germany,
- 5. Departments of Entomology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY,14850, USA, and
Description
Price, Shauna L., Blanchard, Benjamin D., Powell, Scott, Blaimer, Bonnie B., Moreau, Corrie S. (2022): Phylogenomics and Fossil Data Inform the Systematics and Geographic Range Evolution of a Diverse Neotropical Ant Lineage. Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 6 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixab023, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixab023
Files
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:520F4B72FFBDFF9FFFD6FF9CFE48CE43
Related works
- Cites
- Publication: 10.6079/J9ILL (DOI)
- Has part
- Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.7182531 (DOI)
- Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.7182533 (DOI)
- Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.7182535 (DOI)
References
- Adams, R. H., and T. A. Castoe. 2019. Statistical binning leads to profound model violation due to gene tree error incurred by trying to avoid gene tree error. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 134: 164-171.
- Alencar, L. R. V., T. B. Quental, F. G. Grazziotin, M. L. Alfaro, M. Martins, M. Venzon, and H. Zaher. 2016. Diversification in vipers: phylogenetic relationships, time of divergence and shifts in speciation rates. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 105: 50-62.
- Ali, J. R. 2012. Colonizing the Caribbean: is the GAARlandia land-bridge hypothesis gaining a foothold? J. Biogeogr. 39: 431-433.
- Allmendinger, R. W., T. E. Jordan, S. M. Kay, and B. L. Isacks. 1997. The evolution of the Altiplano-Puna plateau of the Central Andes. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 25: 139-174.
- Alonso, R., A. J. Crawford, and E. Bermingham. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of an endemic radiation of Cuban toads (Bufonidae: Peltophryne) based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes. J. Biogeogr. 39: 434-451.
- de Andrade, M. L., and C. Baroni Urbani. 1999. Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturkd. Ser. B. 271: 1-889.
- AntWeb. 2019. Version 8.2. California Academy of Science. Available from http://www.antweb.org. Accessed June 2019.
- Bacon, C. D., D. Silvestro, C. Jaramillo, B. T. Smith, P. Chakrabarty, and A. Antonelli. 2015. Biological evidence supports an early and complex emergence of the Isthmus of Panama. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 112: 6110-6115.
- Bagley, J. C., and J. B. Johnson. 2014. Phylogeography and biogeography of the lower Central American Neotropics: diversification between two continents and between two seas. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 89: 767-790.
- Barden, P., and J. L. Ware. 2017. Relevant relicts: the impact of fossil distributions on biogeographic reconstruction. Insect Syst. Diversity. 1: 73-80.
- Bayzid, M. S., S. Mirarab, B. Boussau, and T. Warnow. 2015. Weighted statistical binning: enabling statistically consistent genome-scale phylogenetic analyses. PLoS One. 10: e0129183.
- Blaimer, B. B., M. W. Lloyd, W. X. Guillory, and S. G. Brady. 2016. Sequence capture and phylogenetic utility of genomic ultraconserved elements obtained from pinned insect specimens. PLoS One. 11: e0161531.
- Blumenstiel, B., K. Cibulskis, S. Fisher, M. DeFelice, A. Barry, T. Fennell, J. Abreu, B. Minie, M. Costello, G. Young, and J. Maquire. 2010. Targeted exon sequencing by in-solution hybrid selection. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 66: 18.4.1-18.4.24.
- Bolger, A. M., M. Lohse, and B. Usadel. 2014.Trimmomatic:a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30: 2114-2120.
- Bolton, B. 2021. An online catalog of the ants of the world. Available from https://antcat.org. Accessed August 2021.
- Borowiec, M. L. 2016. AMAS: a fast tool for alignment manipulation and computing of summary statistics. Peerj. 4: e1660.
- Bouckaert, R., T. G. Vaughan, J. Barido-Sottani, S. Duchene, M. Fourment, A. Gavryushkina, J. Heled, G. Jones, D. Kuhnert, N. De Maio, et al. 2019. BEAST 2.5: An advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLoS Comput. Biol. 15: e1006650.
- Branstetter, M. G., A. Jesovnik, J. Sosa-Calvo, M. W. Lloyd, B. C. Faircloth, S. G. Brady, and T. R. Schultz. 2017a. Dry habitats were crucibles of domestication in the evolution of agriculture in ants. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 284: 20170095.
- Branstetter, M. G., J. T. Longino, P. S. Ward, and B. C. Faircloth. 2017b. Enriching the ant tree of life: enhanced UCE bait set for genome-scale phylogenetics of ants and other Hymenoptera. Methods Ecol. Evol. 8: 768-776.
- Brown, J. M., and R. C. Thomson. 2017. Bayes factors unmask highly variable information content, bias, and extreme influence in phylogenomic analyses. Syst. Biol. 66: 517-530.
- Castresana, J. 2000. Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17: 540-552.
- Chamberland, L., A. McHugh, S. Kechejian, G. J. Binford, J. E. Bond, J. Coddington, G. Dolman, C. A. Hamilton, M. S. Harvey, M. Kuntner, and I. Agnarsson. 2018. From Gondwana to GAAR landia: evolutionary history and biogeography of ogre-faced spiders (Deinopis). J. Biogeogr. 45: 2442-2457.
- Chang, J., D. L. Rabosky, and M. E. Alfaro. 2020. Estimating diversification rates on incompletely sampled phylogenies: theoretical concerns and practical solutions. Syst. Biol. 69: 602-611.
- Chapuisat, M., J. Goudet, and L. Keller. 1997. Microsatellites reveal high population viscosity and limited dispersal in the ant Formica paralugubris. Evolution. 51: 475-482.
- Coates, A. G., J. B. Jackson, L. S. Collins, T. M. Cronin, H. J. Dowsett, L. M. Bybell, P. Jung, and J. A. Obando. 1992. Closure of the Isthmus of Panama: the near-shore marine record of Costa Rica and western Panama. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 104: 814-828.
- Cotton, J. L., W. P. Wysocki, L. G. Clark, S. A. Kelchner, J. C. Pires, P. P. Edger, D. Mayfield-Jones, and M. R. Duvall. 2015. Resolving deep relationships of PACMAD grasses: a phylogenomic approach. BMC Plant Biol. 15: 178.
- Crawford, N. G., B. C. Faircloth, J. E. McCormack, R. T. Brumfield, K. Winker, and T. C. Glenn. 2012. More than 1000 ultraconserved elements provide evidence that turtles are the sister group of archosaurs. Biol. Lett. 8: 783-786.
- Cruaud, A., G. Delvare, S. Nidelet, L. Saune, S. Ratnasingham, M. Chartois, B. B. Blaimer, M. Gates, S. G. Brady, S. Faure, et al. 2021. Ultra-conserved elements and morphology reciprocally illuminate conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses in Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Cladistics. 37: 1-35.
- Coyle, F. A. 1966. Defensive behavior and associated morphological features in three species of the ant genus Paracryptocerus. Insectes Soc. 13: 93-104.
- Eizirik, E. 2012. A Molecular View on the Evolutionary History and Biogeography of Neotropical Carnivores (Mammalia, Carnivora), pp. 123-142. In B. D. Patterson, and L. P. Costa (Eds.), Bones, clones, and biomes: the history and geography of recent neotropical mammals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
- Esselstyn, J. A., C. H. Oliveros, M. T. Swanson, and B. C. Faircloth. 2017. Investigation difficult nodes in the placental mammal tree with expanded taxon sampling and thousands of ultraconserved elements. Genome Biol. Evol. 9: 2308-2321.
- Faircloth, B. C. 2013. Illumiprocessor: a trimmomatic wrapper for parallel adapter and quality trimming. http://dx.doi.org/10.6079/J9ILL
- Faircloth, B. C. 2016. PHYLUCE is a software package for the analysis of conserved genomic loci. Bioinformatics. 32: 786-788.
- Faircloth, B. C., L. Sorenson, F. Santini, and M. E. Alfaro. 2013. A phylogenomic perspective on the radiation of ray-finned fishes based upon targeted sequencing of ultraconserved elements (UCEs). PLoS One. 8: e65923.
- Faircloth, B. C., M. G. Branstetter, N. D. White, and S. G. Brady. 2015. Target enrichment of ultraconserved elements from arthropods provides a genomic perspective on relationships among Hymenoptera. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 15: 489-501.
- Friedman, M., K. L. Feilich, H. T. Beckett, M. E. Alfaro, B. C. Faircloth, D. Cerny,M. Miya,T. J. Near, and R. C. Harrington. 2019. A phylogenomic framework for pelagiarian fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha) high - lights mosaic radiation in the open ocean. Proc. Biol. Sci. 286: 20191502.
- Gillespie, R. G., B. G. Baldwin, J. M. Waters, C. I. Fraser, R. Nikula, and G. K. Roderick. 2012. Long-distance dispersal: a framework for hypothesis testing. Trends Ecol. Evol. 27: 47-56.
- Glenn, T. C., R. A. Nilsen,T. J.Kieran, J. W. Finger,T. W. Pierson, K. E. Bentley, S. L. Hoffberg, S. Louha, F. J. Garcia-De Leon, M. A. del Rio Portilla, and K. D. Reed. 2016. Adapterama I: universal stubs and primers for thousands of dual-indexed Illumina libraries (iTru & iNext). Preprint at http:// biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/15/049114.
- Grabherr, M. G., B. J. Haas, M. Yassour, J. Z. Levin, D. A. Thompson, I. Amit, X. Adiconis, L. Fan, R. Raychowdhury, Q. Zeng, et al. 2011. Full-length transcriptome assembly from RNA-Seq data without a reference genome. Nat. Biotechnol. 29: 644-652.
- Gregory-Wodzicki, K. M. 2000. Uplift history of the Central and Northern Andes: a review. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 112: 1091-1105.
- Grimaldi, D., and M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the insects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- Graham, A. 2018. The role of land bridges, ancient environments, and migrations in the assembly of the North American flora. J. Syst. Evol. 56: 405-429.
- Haffer, J. 1969. Speciation in amazonian forest birds. Science. 165: 131-137.
- Hardy, O. J., M. Pearcy, and S. Aron. 2008. Small-scale spatial genetic structure in an ant species with sex-biased dispersal. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 93: 465-473.
- Hedges, S. B. 2006. Paleogeography of the Antilles and origin of West Indian terrestrial vertebrates. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 93: 231-244.
- Helms, J. A. 2018. The flight ecology of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol. News 26: 19-30.
- Iturralde-Vinent, M. A., and R. D. E. MacPhee. 1996. Age and paleogeographical origin of Dominican amber. Science 273: 1850-1852.
- Iturralde-Vinent, M., and R. D. MacPhee. 1999. Paleogeography of the Caribbean region: implications for Cenozoic biogeography. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 238:1-95.
- Jarvis, E. D., S. Mirarab, A. J. Aberer, B. Li, P. Houde, C. Li, S. Y. Ho, B. C. Faircloth, B. Nabholz, J. T. Howard, et al. 2014. Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. Science. 346: 1320-1331.
- Jones, M. R., and J. M. Good. 2016. Targeted capture in evolutionary and ecological genomics. Mol. Ecol. 25: 185-202.
- Katoh, K., K. Misawa, K. Kuma, and T. Miyata. 2002. MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Res. 30: 3059-3066.
- Kempf, W. W. 1951. A taxonomic study on the ant tribe Cephalotini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 21: 1-244.
- Kraemer, M. M. S. 2007. Systematic, palaeoecology, and palaeobiogeography of the insect fauna from Mexican amber. Paleontogr. Abt. A. 282: 1-133.
- Lanfear, R., B. Calcott, S. Y. Ho, and S. Guindon. 2012. Partitionfinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Mol. Biol. Evol. 29: 1695-1701.
- Leache, A. D., P. Wagner, C. W. Linkem, W. Bohme, T. J. Papenfuss, R. A. Chong, B. R. Lavin, A. M. Bauer, S. V. Nielsen, E. Greenbaum, and M. O. Rodel. 2014. A hybrid phylogenetic-phylogenomic approach for species tree estimation in African Agama lizards with applications to biogeography, character evolution, and diversification. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 79: 215-230.
- Matzke, N. J. 2013. Probabilistic historical biogeography: new models for founder-event speciation, imperfect detection, and fossils allow improved accuracy and model-testing. Front. Biogeogr. 5: 242-248.
- McKain, M. R., M. G. Johnson, S. Uribe-Convers, D. Eaton, and Y. Yang. 2018. Practical considerations for plant phylogenomics. Appl. Plant Sci. 6: e1038.
- Meyer, A. L. S., C. Roman-Palacios, and J. J. Wiens. 2018. BAMM gives misleading rate estimates in simulated and empirical datasets. Evolution. 72: 2257-2266.
- Miller, M. A., W. Pfeiffer, and T. Schwartz. 2010. Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees, pp. 1-8. In Proceedings of the gateway computing environments workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, November, 2010. Available at: http://www.phylo.org/sub_sections/ portal/cite.php.
- Montes, C., A. Cardona, C. Jaramillo, A. Pardo, J. C. Silva, V. Valencia, C. Ayala, L. C. Perez-Angel, L. A. Rodriguez-Parra, V. Ramirez, et al. 2015. Middle Miocene closure of the Central American Seaway. Science. 348: 226-229.
- Moreau, C. S., and C. D. Bell. 2013. Testing the museum versus cradle tropical biological diversity hypothesis: phylogeny, diversification, and ancestral biogeographic range evolution of the ants. Evolution. 67: 2240-2257.
- Moreau, C. S., C. D. Bell, R. Vila, S. B. Archibald, and N. E. Pierce. 2006. Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science. 312: 101-104.
- Morrone, J. J. 2006. Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 51: 467-494.
- Nguyen, L. T., H. A. Schmidt, A. von Haeseler, and B. Q. Minh. 2015. IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Mol. Biol. Evol. 32: 268-274.
- O'Dea, A., H. A. Lessios, A. G. Coates, R. I. Eytan, S. A. Restrepo-Moreno, A. L. Cione, L. S. Collins, A. de Queiroz, D. W. Farris, R. D. Norris, et al. 2016. Formation of the Isthmus of Panama. Sci. Adv. 2: e1600883.
- Oliveira, A. M., S. Powell, and R. M. Feitosa. 2021. A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 65: e20210028.
- Poe, S., A. Nieto-Montes de Oca, O. Torres-Carvajal, K. De Queiroz, J. A. Velasco, B. Truett, L. N. Gray, M. J. Ryan, G. Kohler, F. Ayala- Varela, et al. 2017. A phylogenetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic study of all extant species of anolis (Squamata; Iguanidae). Syst. Biol. 66: 663-697.
- Pouchon, C., A. Fernandez, J. M. Nassar, F. Boyer, S. Aubert, S. Lavergne, and J. Mavarez. 2018. Phylogenomic analysis of the explosive adaptive radiation of the espeletia Complex (Asteraceae) in the Tropical Andes. Syst. Biol. 67: 1041-1060.
- Powell, S. 2008. Ecological specialization and the evolution of a specialized caste in Cephalotes ants. Funct. Ecol. 22: 902-911.
- Powell, S. 2009. How ecology shapes caste evolution: linking resource use, morphology, performance and fitness in a superorganism. J. Evol. Biol. 22: 1004-1013.
- Powell, S. 2016. A comparative perspective on the ecology of morphological diversification in complex societies: nesting ecology and soldier evolution in the turtle ants. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 70: 1075-1085.
- Powell, S., S. L. Price, and D. J. C. Kronauer. 2020. Trait evolution is reversible, repeatable, and decoupled in the soldier caste of turtle ants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 117: 6608-6615.
- Prance, G. T. 1982. A review of the phytogeographic evidences for Pleistocene climate changes in the Neotropics. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 69: 594-624.
- Price, S. L., S. Powell, D. J. Kronauer, L. A. Tran, N. E. Pierce, and R. K. Wayne. 2014. Renewed diversification is associated with new ecological opportunity in the Neotropical turtle ants. J. Evol. Biol. 27: 242-258.
- Price, S. L., R. S. Etienne, and S. Powell. 2016. Tightly congruent bursts of lineage and phenotypic diversification identified in a continental ant radiation. Evolution. 70: 903-912.
- Prosser, S. W., J. R. deWaard, S. E. Miller, and P. D. Hebert. 2016. DNA barcodes from century-old type specimens using next-generation sequencing. Mol. Ecol. Res. 16: 487-497.
- Puttick, M. N. 2019. MCMCtreeR: functions to prepare MCMCtree analyses and visualize posterior ages on trees. Bioinformatics. 35: 5321-5322.
- Qiu, Y.-L., L. Li, B. Wang, Z. Chen, V. Knoop, M. Groth-Malonek, O. Dombrovska, J. Lee, L. Kent, J. Rest, and G. F. Estabrook. 2006. The deepest divergences in land plants inferred from phlogenomic evidence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 15511-15516.
- Rabosky, D. L. 2014. Automatic detection of key innovations, rate shifts, and diversity-dependence on phylogenetic trees. PLoS One. 9: e89543.
- Rabosky, D. L., M. Grundler, C. Anderson, P. Title, J. J. Shi, J. W. Brown, H. Huang, and J. G. Larson. 2014. BAMM tools: an R package for the analysis of evolutionary dynamics on phylogenetic trees. Methods Ecol. Evol. 5: 701-707.
- Rambaut, A., A. J. Drummond, D. Xie, G. Baele, and M. A. Suchard. 2018. Posterior summarization in bayesian phylogenetics using tracer 1.7. Syst. Biol. 67: 901-904.
- Ree, R. H., and I. Sanmartin. 2009. Prospects and challenges for parametric models in historical biogeographical inference.J.Biogeogr.36: 1211-1220.
- Ree, R. H., and I. Sanmartin. 2018. Conceptual and statistical problems with the DEC+ J model of founder-event speciation and its comparison with DEC via model selection. J. Biogeogr. 45: 741-749.
- Ree, R. H., and S. A. Smith. 2008. Maximum likelihood inference of geographic range evolution by dispersal, local extinction, and cladogenesis. Syst. Biol. 57: 4-14.
- Reis, M. D., and Z. Yang. 2011. Approximate likelihood calculation on a phylogeny for Bayesian estimation of divergence times. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28: 2161-2172.
- dos Reis, M., J. Inoue, M. Hasegawa, R. J. Asher, P. C. Donoghue, and Z. Yang. 2012. Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny. Proc. Biol. Sci. 279: 3491-3500.
- R i c an, O., L. Pialek, R. Zardoya, I. Doadrio, and J. Zrzavy. 2013. Biogeography of the Mesoamerican Cichlidae (Teleostei: Heroini): colonization through the GAARlandia land bridge and early diversification. J. Biogeogr. 40: 579-593.
- Rohland,N., and D.Reich.2012. Cost-effective,high-throughput DNA sequencing libraries for multiplexed target capture. Genome Res.22: 939-946.
- Ronquist, F., M. Teslenko, P. van der Mark, D. L. Ayres, A. Darling, S. Hohna, B. Larget, L. Liu, M. A. Suchard, and J. P. Huelsenbeck. 2012. MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Syst. Biol. 61: 539-542.
- Silvestro, D., A. Zizka, C. D. Bacon, B. Cascales-Minana, N. Salamin, and A. Antonelli. 2016. Fossil biogeography: a new model to infer dispersal, extinction and sampling from palaeontological data. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 371: 20150225.
- Stamatakis, A. 2014. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics. 30: 1312-1313.
- Streicher, J. W., and J. J. Wiens. 2017. Phylogenomic analyses of more than 4000 nuclear loci resolve the origin of snakes among lizard families. Biol. Lett. 13: 20170393.
- Suni, S. S., and D. M. Gordon. 2010. Fine-scale genetic structure and dispersal distance in the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus. Heredity (Edinb). 104: 168-173.
- Tagliacollo, V. A., and R. Lanfear. 2018. Estimating improved partitioning schemes for ultraconserved elements. Mol. Biol. Evol. 35: 1798-1811.
- Turke, M., B. Fiala. K. E. Linsenmair, and H. Feldhaar. 2010. Estimation of dispersal distances of the obligately plant-associated ant Crematogaster decamera. Ecol. Entomol. 35: 662-671.
- Van Dam, M. H., A. W. Lam, K. Sagata, B. Gewa, R. Laufa, M. Balke, B. C. Faircloth, and A. Riedel. 2017. Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) resolve the phylogeny of Australasian smurf-weevils. PLoS One. 12: e0188044.
- Vanzolini, P. E. 1963. Problemas faunisticos do Cerrado, pp. 60-85. In M. G. Ferri (Ed.), Simposio sobre o Cerrado. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Vierbergen, G., and J. Scheven. 1995. Nine new species and a new genus of Dominican amber ants of the tribe Cephalotini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Creation Res. Soc. Q. 32: 158-170.
- Ward, P. S., S. G. Brady, B. L. Fisher, and T. R. Schultz. 2015. The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Syst. Entomol. 40: 61-81.
- Whitfield, J. B., and P. J. Lockhart. 2007. Deciphering ancient rapid radiations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22: 258-265.
- Winston, M. E., D. J. Kronauer, and C. S. Moreau. 2017. Early and dynamic colonization of Central America drives speciation in Neotropical army ants. Mol. Ecol. 26: 859-870.
- Yang, Z. 2007. PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1586-1591.
- Zhang, C., M. Rabiee, E. Sayyari, and S. Mirarab. 2018. ASTRAL-III: polynomial time species tree reconstruction from partially resolved gene trees. BMC Bioinformatics. 19: 153.