Deliverable 3.6 First implementation and data: Greenland

This document, describes the first implementation and results of use of INTAROS WP3 (Task 3.1) for the Coastal Greenland reference site, which is identified as a key location for freshwater output from the Greenland ice sheet to the ocean.

The activities reported here from Task 3.1 describe the first field deployments and results for both offshore, onshore and on-ice instrumentation to monitor identified environmental variables, including:

• snow cover on sea ice - for impact of freshening on the marine ecosystem
• surface pCO2 and ocean acidification - for impact of freshening on CO2-uptake of the ocean
• snow-water equivalent on the ice sheet - for reducing uncertainty in meltwater output to the ocean
• precise positioning of ice sheet stations - for calibration for satellite-derived ice velocity maps and numerical weather prediction
• new radiometer tilt and azimuth instrument for improved radiation correction – for improving radiometer data corrections
• rain gauges on ice sheet stations – for capturing the transition from snow to rain of the precipitation on the Greenland ice sheet
• instrument characterization of in-situ ice sheet albedo measurements – for better validation of satellite albedo products
• Improvement of ice-penetrating radar system - for generating ice thickness data over ice-sheet outlet glaciers
• passive acoustics for characterization of both physical and biological parts of the marine ecosystem – for studying the ice-driven dynamics of Arctic coastal ecosystems
• improvement of under-ice monitoring – for observations of spring bloom and bio-optical/-geochemical properties