MORPHOFUNCTIONAL RESEARCH METHODS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY SECTION OF THE LUNGS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Abstract. The respiratory system constantly filters the external environment when people breathe air. The airway must retain the ability to remove inhaled pathogens, allergens, and debris to maintain homeostasis and prevent inflammation. The respiratory system is divided into conducting and respiratory parts. Most of the respiratory tree, from the nasal cavity to the bronchi, is lined with pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium. The bronchioles are lined with simple columnar or cuboidal epithelium, while the alveoli are lined with thin, squamous epithelium for gas exchange.