Published August 24, 2022 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Using the discovery of fundamental variables by artificial intelligence to unite general relativity and quantum mechanics

  • 1. Member of ResearchGate and ORCID, Certificates in Astrophysics from ANU (Australian National University), Certificates in Robotics from QUT (Queensland University of Technology, Australia)

Description

Article includes

a. “Linking radioactive dating to origin of the universe” or “How dinosaurs committed scientific heresy & exterminated the Big Bang”

b. Vector-tensor-scalar geometry’s important insights into 1) Cancer, 2) The origin of the moon

In a newsletter discussing “Automated discovery of fundamental variables hidden in experimental data” (Chen, B., Huang, K., Raghupathi, S. et al. Automated discovery of fundamental variables hidden in experimental data. Nat Comput Sci 2, 433–442 (2022). Cosmos Magazine attributed the following statement to co-author Qiang Du, “What other laws are we missing simply because we don’t have the variables?” According to Cosmos, another co-author (Hod Lipson) argues that scientists may be misinterpreting or failing to understand many phenomena simply because they don’t have a good set of variables. All of this reminds me of the Hidden Variables associated with Albert Einstein’s doubts about quantum mechanics. I’ve been thinking about hidden variables for perhaps twenty or more years and it seems that their combination with the Mobius strip, figure-8 Klein bottle, base 2 mathematics, vector-tensor-scalar geometry, and Wick rotation might unite quantum mechanics and relativity. The union would result in explanation of particles existing in two or more places at once being due to our frame of reference. It would also explain wave-particle duality and, on a universal scale, why there was no Big Bang. The section on vector-tensor-scalar geometry is very important since it provides insights into 1) cancer, and 2) the origin of the moon.

The yet-to-be-discovered underlying physics of the wave function proposed in this comment predicts exactness in outcomes, not probability or randomness. Quantum mechanics says particles can, according to our frame of reference, be in two or more places at once. This frame of reference is necessarily restricted to our present understanding of quantum mechanics which Albert Einstein and his colleagues claimed to be incomplete. Hidden Variables are presently hypothetical factors based on the belief that the theory of quantum mechanics is incomplete. Their identification would lead to exact predictions, not just probabilities, for the outcomes of measurements. Albert Einstein is the most famous proponent of hidden variables. Their existence would vindicate his belief that quantum mechanics is lacking something. It’s proposed here that electronics’ binary digits (1’s and 0’s) are those hidden variables.

Despite Bell’s theorem and the more recent Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph theorem, hidden variables can be a valid theory since the following boxed explanation of unification of all time periods allows the existence of both “retarded” waves going forwards in time and the disfavoured “advanced” waves travelling back in time and this permits quantum entanglement of every form of mass if, as shown, gravitational waves interacting with electromagnetic waves is responsible for production of mass. The misperception that the universe is expanding is accounted for by retarded/advanced shift.

Notes

Modifications to special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics are indeed possible! (This also answers the criticism that the natural and the artificial shouldn't be mixed. The discussion takes the view that "natural" and "artificial/technological" are the same thing – and explains HOW they are the same thing) – Let's begin with a statement I read recently, "Special relativity is the most fundamental, and thoroughly proven, theory in all physics." I won't question that but I will suggest that we consider quantum gravity (QG). There's no theory of quantum gravity at present but modern physics seems to have little doubt that we will have a successful theory one day. Despite the enormous success of general relativity, that theory will require adjustments to fit in with QG. Quantum mechanics will also need modifications to fit in, as Einstein realized when he called it incomplete. In all history, there has never been a single theory that could be called 100% perfect in the sense that it explained every detail forever, and never needed refinements – and there will never be such a theory. Our period of history is no different and that other product of Einstein's brain (special relativity) has brought great advances but must inevitably endure the same fate of being refined. May I suggest possible modifications to the above theories – not to attempt to compete with quantum mechanics or the relativity theories but merely to demonstrate that refinements of them are conceivable. First, quantum mechanics – Reliance on bodily senses – extended to our technology – tells us things and events are distinct and separate. Acknowledging the correctness of this frame of reference means there are countless particles forming the cosmos. Recognizing the truth of a different point of view means these particles are unified by the action of advanced and retarded waves into one particle* - whether it be classified as a boson or fermion (or both). The interpretation of particles being in two or more places at once can be reinterpreted as being in one position i.e. unipositional, from the Latin ūnus meaning one. This unipositioned particle interferes with itself since it's composed of self-intersecting Mobius strips which, because mass is united with spacetime, account for spacetime's curvature. Unipositional quantum mechanics also means every particle is entangled with every other. * "When we solve (19th-century Scottish physicist James Clerk) Maxwell's equations for light, we find not one but two solutions: a 'retarded' wave, which represents the standard motion of light from one point to another; but also an 'advanced' wave, where the light beam goes backward in time. Engineers have simply dismissed the advanced wave as a mathematical curiosity since the retarded waves so accurately predicted the behavior of radio, microwaves, TV, radar, and X-rays. But for physicists, the advanced wave has been a nagging problem for the past century." ("Physics of the Impossible" by Michio Kaku, 2009, Penguin Books, p. 276) Second, addressing the subjects "non-causal" and "at once" – All mass is composed of gravitational and electromagnetic waves, according to vector-tensor-scalar (VTS) geometry inspired by the title of Einstein's 1919 paper "Do gravitational fields play an essential role in the structure of elementary particles?" Both types of waves possess retarded and advanced components which cancel each other and entangle all masses. Wick rotation (time) is built into the Mobius strips and figure-8 Klein bottles composing (respectively) electromagnetism's photons and gravitation's gravitons. Therefore, all time (the entire past and present and future) is united into one thing just as all space and all mass are united into one thing. If time only passed rectilinearly - from past to present to future - the idea of waves travelling back in time would make no sense at all. But if time is curvilinear - with past, present, and future interconnected - time must be able to move from future to present to past. (Unity of past/present/future may remove the issue of non-simultaneity – in special relativity – because the timing or sequence of events being different in different frames of reference can only exist if past/present/future are separate. The concepts of cause and effect are no longer separate when all periods of time are united, and everything can happen "at once". This is similar to watching a DVD – every event on the DVD exists at once since the whole DVD exists but we're only aware of sights and sounds occurring in each tiny fraction of a second.) Third, proposing faster-than-light travel (a feature of special relativity is light-speed as the universal speed limit). The Riemann hypothesis, proposed in 1859 by the German mathematician Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, is fascinating. It seems to fit these ideas on various subjects in physics very well. The Riemann hypothesis doesn't just apply to the distribution of prime numbers but can also apply to the fundamental structure of the mathematical universe's space-time. Cosmic maths incorporates 1) topology (the two-dimensional Mobius strip and figure-8 Klein bottle which is immersed [not embedded] in three dimensions), 2) BITS aka electronics' BInary digiTS, or base 2 maths, which encode the topology, 3) the real and imaginary numbers of Wick rotation (time), 4) vector-tensor-scalar geometry, describing interaction between photons and gravitons, and 5) the Mobius Matrix, combining the topological Mobius and mathematics' Matrix to explain higher dimensions. How does the Riemann Hypothesis support Faster-Than-Light travel? Answer – Using the axiom that there indeed are infinitely many nontrivial zeros on the critical line (calculations have confirmed the hypothesis to be true to over 13 trillion places), the critical line is identified as the y-axis of Wick rotation (stated above to be the time component of space-time). This suggests the y-axis is literally infinite and that infinity equals zero. In this case, it is zero distance in time and space. Travelling zero distance is done instantly and is therefore faster-than-light travel. It must be stressed again that I'm not saying the above ideas are either correct or incorrect. I'm merely seeking to show that modifications to special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics are indeed possible!

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my science article in Aeronautics and Aerospace Open Access Journal.pdf

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