DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES BY PERPETRATORS AND ITS ADVERSE EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEES, EMPLOYMENT, AND WORKPLACE

The study aims to explore the existing literature in the field of discrimination at workplaces around the world and identify the negative effects of discrimination. The discriminatory practices and its process and motifs are explained through the lens of social identity theory and behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes map (BIAS). The current study highlights, among the many forms of discrimination practiced by perpetrators, discrimination based on gender, sexual minority, age, disability, and race, origin, and ethnicity. The existing literature suggests that laws, campaigns, and regulations have been passed and enacted to curb all four of these discriminatory practices. Even though these laws and policies have been able to reduce the extent of these discriminations, such practices still remain. In the face of rising legal steps, few organizations and its employees oftentimes resort to covert forms of discrimination which are harder to detect. As an effect of the continued practices of discrimination, workplaces often suffer from various acts of aggression where the perpetrators even resort to violence, bullying, and abuse. These acts of aggression function as stressors for the victims, causing emotional and physiological problems, strains, strain symptoms, and reduced job satisfaction, thus affecting the well-being of the victims. Some of these aspects negatively affect the performance of the victims which, in turn, affects organizational performance in the long run.