Published August 11, 2022 | Version v1
Dataset Open

Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi

Creators

  • 1. Center of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  • 2. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  • 3. Department of Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
  • 4. Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
  • 5. Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, School of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
  • 6. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
  • 7. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio 'Ramón Margalef' and Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante; 03690, Alicante, Spain
  • 8. Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 9. Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombi
  • 10. Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
  • 11. Escuela de Microbiologia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
  • 12. Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • 13. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
  • 14. Department Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • 15. Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 16. Department of Crop Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
  • 17. Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  • 18. Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
  • 19. Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana
  • 20. Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
  • 21. Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad SantoTomás, Santiago, Chile
  • 22. Latvian State Forest Research Insitute Silava, Salaspils, Latvia
  • 23. Department of Botany, Jawaharlal Nehru Rajkeeya Mahavidyalaya, Pondicherry University, Port Blair, India
  • 24. College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing,Yunnan, China
  • 25. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
  • 26. Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 27. Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
  • 28. Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
  • 29. CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, WA, Australia
  • 30. Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
  • 31. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
  • 32. Utah Valley University, Orem UT, USA
  • 33. Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA
  • 34. Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Iceland
  • 35. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 36. Department of Silviculture and Ecology, Institute of Forestry of Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC). Girionys, Lithuania
  • 37. Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
  • 38. ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Eger, Hungary
  • 39. Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
  • 40. Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
  • 41. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • 42. Research Unit Tropical Mycology and Plants-Soil Fungi Interactions, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
  • 43. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
  • 44. NERC British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Cambridge, UK
  • 45. Chair of Hydrobiology and Fishery, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
  • 46. Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  • 47. Gothenburg Centre for Sustainable Development, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • 48. Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; and Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
  • 49. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 50. Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
  • 51. Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
  • 52. Mycology Working Group, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • 53. College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, China
  • 54. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
  • 55. Center For Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
  • 56. Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
  • 57. Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 58. Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • 59. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
  • 60. Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
  • 61. College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 62. Department of Ecology and Plant Geography, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia
  • 63. College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
  • 64. Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Arcata CA, USA
  • 65. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
  • 66. School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
  • 67. Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
  • 68. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
  • 69. University of Tartu Natural History Museum, Tartu, Estonia

Description

This repository contains the data associated with the paper Tedersoo et al. (2022) Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi // Global Change Biology. DOI:10.1111/gcb.16398

Fungi are highly diverse organisms and provide a wealth of ecosystem functions. However, distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been very little explored compared to charismatic animals and plants. Here we assess endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. Endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are vulnerable mostly to drought, heat and land cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests and woodlands. We suggest that there should be more attention focused on the conservation of fungi, especially tropical root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high matching in conservation needs, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms in general.

This repository contains the following data associated with the publication:

  • Supplementary tables S1 - S6 (`Tables_S1-S6.xlsx`):

- Table S1. Definition of ecoregions and assignment of samples to ecoregions
- Table S2. GSMc dataset used for endemicity analyses
- Table S3. Dataset used for modeling endemicity values
- Table S4. Dataset used for calculating and mapping vulnerability scores
- Table S5. Dataset used for calculating and mapping conservation value
- Table S6. Additional funding sources by authors

  • OTU distribution by samples and ecoregions (`Data_taxon_assignment_to ecoregions.xlsx`)

Gridded maps:

  • Conservation priorities for all fungi and fungal groups

- ConservationPriority_AllFungi.tif
- ConservationPriority_AM.tif
- ConservationPriority_EcM.tif
- ConservationPriority_Moulds.tif
- ConservationPriority_NonEcMAgaricomycetes.tif
- ConservationPriority_OHPs.tif
- ConservationPriority_Pathogens.tif
- ConservationPriority_Unicellular.tif
- ConservationPriority_Yeasts.tif

  • The average vulnerability of all fungi and fungal groups and the model uncertainty estimates

- AverageVulnerability_AllFungi.tif
- AverageVulnerability_AM.tif
- AverageVulnerability_EcM.tif
- AverageVulnerability_Moulds.tif
- AverageVulnerability_NonEcMAgaricomycetes.tif
- AverageVulnerability_OHPs.tif
- AverageVulnerability_Pathogens.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_AllFungi.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_AM.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_EcM.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Moulds.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_NonEcMAgaricomycetes.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_OHPs.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Pathogens.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Unicellular.tif
- AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Yeasts.tif
- AverageVulnerability_Unicellular.tif
- AverageVulnerability_Yeasts.tif

  • The relative importance of predicted vulnerability of all fungi

- RelativeImportanceOfVulnerability_AllFungi.tif

  • Vulnerability to drought, heat, and land cover change for all fungi

- Vulnerability_AllFungi_Heat-Drought-LandCoverChange.tif
- VulnerabilityUncertainty_AllFungi_Heat-Drought-LandCoverChange.tif

  •  Human footprint index based on the Land-Use Harmonisation (LUH2; Hurtt et al., 2020, doi:10.5194/gmd-13-5425-2020) - `LandCoverChange_1960-2015.tif`
  •  MD5 checksums for all files (`MD5.md5`)

Fungal groups:
- AM, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (including all Glomeromycota but excluding all Endogonomycetes)
- EcM, ectomycorrhizal fungi (excluding dubious lineages)
- NonEcMAgaricomycetes, non-EcM Agaricomycetes (mostly saprotrophic fungi with usually macroscopic fruiting bodies)
- Moulds (including Mortierellales, Mucorales, Umbelopsidales and Aspergillaceae and Trichocomaceae of Eurotiales and Trichoderma of Hypocreales)
- Putative pathogens (including plant, animal and fungal pathogens as primary or secondary lifestyles)
- OHPs, opportunistic human parasites (excluding Mortierellales)
- Yeasts (excluding dimorphic yeasts)
- Unicellular, other unicellular (non-yeast) fungi (including chytrids, aphids, rozellids and other early-diverging fungal lineages)

Detailed processing steps can be found here:
https://github.com/Mycology-Microbiology-Center/Fungal_Endemicity_and_Vulnerability

Files

AverageVulnerability_AllFungi.tif

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Additional details

Related works

Is supplement to
Journal article: 10.1111/gcb.16398 (DOI)
Is supplemented by
Dataset: 10.5281/zenodo.6983158 (DOI)