Study of profile, pattern and outcomes of oral poisoning cases admitted in emergency department of Janakpur provincial hospital, Nepal

Oral poisoning patients admitted to our emergency department between December 16, 2021 and June 15, 2022 at the Emergency department of the Provincial Hospital in Janakpur Dham, Nepal were the subject of a retrospective study. The patient files contained information regarding age, gender, occupation, type of agent, route of poisoning, clinical effects of cholinergic overactivity, laboratory findings, and mortality rate. During the study period, 220 patients were admitted to the ED with oral poisoning caused by a known agent. The estimated mean time of admission to the emergency department after exposure was 3.9 3.1 (1-14) hours. There were 131 female patients (59.5%) and 89 male patients (40.5%). 40.5% of both males and females between the ages of 15-24 were affected. Oral ingestion was found to be the most common route of poisoning (86.5%). attempted suicide was the most frequent cause of poisoning (75.9 %). The most frequently encountered oral compounds were dichlorvos, diazinon, and parathion-methyl. Miosis, respiratory system findings, tachycardia, loss of consciousness, and hypertension were the most common clinical manifestations. Twenty patients (9.1 percent) perished as a result of respiratory and cardiac arrest (45%), respiratory failure (25%), CNS depression (5%) and septic shock (25%).