New Physics I: The Dynamic System of Photons and the Large-scale Structure of Universe

As shown in the development history of physics, serious unsolved problems will once again require modifications to our established scientific description of the physical world. By re-examining the motion law of photons, this study identified the geometric curve corresponding to the starlight geodesic and ascertained the relation between the polarization, wave, and spin of elementary particles. As a result, the dynamic equation \(c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\varepsilon_{0}\mu_{0}}}=\sqrt{g_{\mathrm{u}}r_{\mathrm{u}}}=\sqrt{\frac{P_{\mathrm{vac}}}{\rho_{\mathrm{vac}}}}=\frac{h/m_{\gamma}}{4\pi}\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{\text{sin}\theta\mathrm{d}\theta}{r}\ \) (\(rm_{\gamma}c=\frac{h}{2\pi}\); \(m_{\gamma}\) is not a rest mass but an energy factor) of photons is discovered, and several crucial cosmological constants of the large-scale universe without dark energy can be derived directly from fundamental theories. Furthermore, the paper preliminarily discusses the properties of the candidate particles of gravitons and dark matter, and thoroughly clarifies the relativistic geometric interpretation of spacetime that has puzzled the public. This article simplifies the physical model of the large-scale universe and the elementary-particle spin, and bridges the quantum-level system and the macroscopic system, which can be considered a preface to the theory of everything (TOE).