FOUNDATION, DERIVATION, AND EVOLUTION OF URDU LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE UP TO 1857

The core objective of this paper is to review the origin and evolution of Urdu as a language of influence. The debate of the origin of the Urdu language is very engaging and diverse. Various theories and arguments have been developed by different scholars and linguists throughout the study of the origin and history of the Urdu language and literature. Its origin from different dialects such as “Khari Boli” and “Baraj Bhasha” is also debatable. Apart from this unending discussion about its origin, the study of its advancement is also crucial. Historically, Urdu is associated with the establishment of Muslim rule in the subcontinent. It has adopted the Persian alphabet as a writing style and relies heavily on Persian and Arabic calligraphy as a source for technical and literary vocabulary. Urdu had many names throughout its evolution and in the end, it became famous as “Urdu”, during the 19th century. Like its predecessors, Persian and Arabic it also developed its own literature. Urdu literature was served and watered by several famous and noted writers and poets of Persian literature. It had begun to become famous among Indian intelligentsia, a newly emerging class in the Indian subcontinent, during the last phase of Medieval India. After the decline of the Persian language, it became one of the main lingua-franca of Indian literates. So the present study will also describe that how the Urdu language and Its literature became very popular among all the sections of Indian society at the dawn of the 19th century and how it achieved a reasonable position in the Indian subcontinent up to 1857.