The Frequency and Causes of Benign Leukopenia in Patients Admitted to the Pediatric Hematology Clinic: A Three-Year Study
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Türkiye.
- 2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Türkiye.
- 3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Türkiye.
Description
Özet
Lökosit sayısının 3500/μL seviyesinin altında olması lökopeni olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çoğunlukla sekonder sebeplerle ilişkili olan ve immün sistem görevlerini etkileyebilmesi nedeniyle klinik önem taşıyan lökopeni çocuklarda farklı etiyolojik sebeplere bağlı olarak gelişebilmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı çocuk hematoloji polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda benign lökopeni sıklığını ve etiyolojik sebeplerini belirlemektir. Bu retrospektif çalışmada 2019-2021 yılları arasında Elazığ Fethi Sekin Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Hematoloji polikliniğine başvuran ve lökosit sayıları 3500/μL'nin altında olan hastalara ait veriler incelendi. Otoimmün hastalık, malignite, aplastik anemi ve kronik nötropenisi olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. Polikliniğimize başvuran 2500 hasta incelendi ve lökopeni insidansı %3.32 olarak bulundu. Lökopeni tespit edilen 83 hastanın 44'ü erkek (%53) ve 39'u kız (%47) hastalar olup, hastaların ortalama yaşı 8.5±4.5 yıl idi. Hastaların ortalama lökosit sayısı 2950±450/μL, ortalama lökopeni süresi 7.5±2.5 gün, ortalama takip süreleri 14±5 gün olarak tespit edildi ve tüm hastalarda lökopeninin düzeldiği gözlemlendi. Lökopeninin en sık nedenleri sırasıyla enfeksiyonlar %68.7 (57/83), vitamin B12 eksikliği %14.5 (12/83) ve ilaç kullanımı %10.8 (9/83) olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda çocukluk çağında akut geçici lökopeni nedenleri arasında en sık sebebin enfeksiyon kaynaklı olduğu tespit edilirken, vitamin B12 eksikliğinin de lökopeniye sebep olabileceği gözlemlenmiş olup, bu olgularda lökopeninin tedavi ile düzeldiği saptanmıştır.
Abstract
The condition where leukocyte cell count is below 3500/μL is known as leukopenia. In children, leukopenia, which is mostly associated with secondary causes and has clinical importance because it can affect immune system functions, may develop due to various etiological reasons. The aim of our study is to determine the frequency and etiological causes of benign leukopenia in patients admitted to the pediatric hematology outpatient clinic. In this retrospective study, the data of the patients who applied to Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital Pediatric Hematology outpatient clinic between 2019-2021 and whose leukocyte counts were below 3500/μL were examined. Patients with autoimmune disease, malignancy, aplastic anemia, and chronic neutropenia were excluded. A total of 2500 patients presented to the hematology clinic were analyzed and the incidence of leukopenia was found as 3.32%. Of the 83 cases diagnosed with leukopenia, 44 (53%) were boys and 39 (47%) were girls, and the mean-age of the patients was 8.5±4.5 years. The mean leukocyte count of the patients was 2.950±450/µL, the median leukopenia duration was 7.5±2.5 days, the average follow-up period was 14±5 days and all the patients recovered. The most common causes of leukopenia were infections 68.7% (57/83), vitamin B12 deficiency 14.5% (12/83) and drug use 10.8% (9/83), respectively. In our study, it was determined that the most common cause of acute transient leukopenia in childhood was infection, while it was observed that vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause leukopenia and it improves with treatment in these cases.
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