Chrono-Nutrition against Metabolic Complexities: A Rising Science

This perspective review article aimed to review and elaborate on how meal timing (chrono-nutrition) impact on circadian rhythms and metabolic pathways involved in glucose metabolism. As technology advances and societies move toward industrialization, social activities, exercise, work schedule (i.e., shift work) and eating behavior (time, type and frequency) also change. For instance, people prefer to eat outside during suboptimal timesmisaligned with normal circadianrhythms. Growing body of evidence suggest that disruptions in normal physiological rhythms of glucosemetabolism can lead to health problems. Obesity and diabetes mellitus (T2D) are amongthe most noted metabolic disorders throughout the worldmainly occurring because of suboptimal eating habits and lifestyle. Eating less sugars, starch, or even fat overnight can help cope with the internal chronophysiology. Chrono-nutrition is a rising agro-human science that must be considered precisely in our routine life to help prevent or at the very least reduce and control obesity and T2D in the stressful modern era.