Из периодизације оријенталних утицаја у српском језику

Иако су везе српског језика са оријенталним језицима веома старе, оне су посебно обележиле период од XIV века. Највише турских језичких трагова остало је дуж главних стратегијских праваца турског надирања, чему су допринеле и миграције српског становништва које су разносиле турцизме далеко од средишних балканских области. Контакти српског и турског језика остваривали су се у широкој социолингвистичкој скали коју је наметао турски освајач. Снажно потискивање турске власти с Балкана крајем XIX века и њено коначно протеривање почетком XX века имало је за последицу осеку турцизама, до које је неизбежно дошло укључивањем ове области у другачији, већ увелико европски цивилизацијски миље. Бројни турцизми су, међутим, оставили неизбрисив траг прошлих времена са тежњом да се ова лексика подмлађује и укључује у процесе тананих стилско‑семантичких нијансирања у српском језику.

ON THE PERIODIZATION OF ORIENTAL INFLUENCES IN THE SERB LANGUAGE

Although the links between the Serb language and Oriental languages date back far
in history, they distinctly marked the period of Ottoman domination in the Balkans, i.e. the
period since the 14th century. The most abundant Turkish linguistic traces have remained
along the main strategic lines of Ottoman expansion (Thrace – Macedonia – south Serbia
– the Raška region – Bosnia and Herzegovina); migrations of the Serb population contributed
to their wide reach by disseminating Turkish loanwords far from central Balkan areas.
The contacts between the Serb language and Turkish languages occurred in a broad sociolinguistic
range dictated by Ottoman conquerors (terminology related to state administration,
army, judicial system, commerce, cookery, etc.). Turkish loanwords left a particularly
strong imprint on urban civilization and the economic prestige of cities fostered the adoption
and spreading of Turkish words. However, this approach needs further exploration.
(For example, there are areas populated by Serbs where the semantic distinction between
the Slavic lexeme ložica and Turkish kašika has persisted almost to the present day: one
designates a spoon made of metal, while the other stands for a spoon made of wood). The
forceful retreat of Ottoman domination from the Balkans in the late 19th century resulted
in the withdrawal of Turkish loanwords, which was inevitable after these areas had been
incorporated into a different largely European civilizational context. This was also reflected
in some purist interventions toward the Turkish lexical heritage, though their effect was not
significant.
A predominantly urban way of life will probably widen the gap – in a different, more
modern way – between the process of the further withdrawal of Turkish loanwords and their
retaining as stylistic means in particular areas of language usage. The pronounced stylistic
shading of Turkish loanwords (where overtones of intimacy, humour, derision, derogation,
ridicule and contempt are particularly frequent) will inevitably result in their further degradation
to a lower level of standard language usage. Therefore, in entertaining readings,
light literary genres and newspapers columns, Turkish loanwords will remain a devoted
companion to the Serb standard language. Already nowadays, this trend is typical not only
of the Serb linguistic context, but also of other areas of the Balkans.