Comparison between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations to calculate head loss through conveyancing treated wastewater in Kerbala city, Iraq
Creators
- 1. Moscow State University of Civil Engineering; University of Kerbala
- 2. Moscow State University of Civil Engineering; Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
- 3. University of Kerbala
- 4. Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Description
Reuse of wastewater has been widespread in this era to support the water sustainability process. Therefore, treated wastewater should be conveyed to suitable places and adopted for different uses. This study presents an empirical relationship between the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations for four types of pipe material (ductile iron, GRP, concrete, and plastic) by using WaterCAD Version 8i. Two hydraulic models were developed to estimate the head loss in pipes by using different diameters: first, using pipe diameters from 800 mm to 1,200 mm for a flow rate of 1.16 m3/s, second, adopting pipe diameter from 1,600 mm to 2,000 mm for a flow rate of 4.63 m3/s. The study results are the head loss values obtained from the Darcy-Weisbach and Hazen-Williams equations, which were used to correlate them using IBM SPSS Statistics. The correlation coefficient between both equations turned out to be 0.991, 0.990, 0.990, and 0.990 for ductile iron, GRP, concrete, and plastic pipe materials. Additionally, the relationship between head loss and pipe diameter is negatively proportioned for both equations. Also, both head loss equation results are the same. The head loss values in the Darcy’s equation were higher for ductile iron and GRP materials, while being lower for concrete and plastic materials for both models. Selecting concrete or plastic pipes to convey treated wastewater is better than other pipe materials. Another conclusion is that the pipe diameter affects the head loss magnitude irrespective of the kind of equation whether Darcy-Weisbach or Hazen-William equation. Finally, this relationship is very useful for designers in converting the head loss values obtained using these equations.
Files
Comparison between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations to calculate head loss through conveyancing treated wastewater in Kerbala city, Iraq.pdf
Files
(717.6 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:82fb9d35c99411617ab1f55107a2da9a
|
717.6 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
References
- Travis, Q. B., Mays, L. W. (2007). Relationship between Hazen–William and Colebrook–White Roughness Values. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133 (11), 1270–1273. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:11(1270)
- Elhay, S., Simpson, A. R. (2011). Dealing with Zero Flows in Solving the Nonlinear Equations for Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137 (10), 1216–1224. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000411
- Niazkar, M., Talebbeydokhti, N., Afzali, S. H. (2017). Relationship between Hazen-William coefficient and Colebrook-White friction factor: Application in water network analysis. European Water, 58, 513–520. Available at: http://www.ewra.net/ew/pdf/EW_2017_58_74.pdf
- Rossman, L. A. (2000). EPANET 2 Users Manual. USEPA. Available at: https://www.microimages.com/documentation/Tutorials/Epanet2UserManual.pdf
- Liou, C. P. (1998). Limitations and Proper Use of the Hazen-Williams Equation. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124 (9), 951–954. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:9(951)
- Valiantzas, J. D. (2005). Modified Hazen–Williams and Darcy–Weisbach Equations for Friction and Local Head Losses along Irrigation Laterals. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 131 (4), 342–350. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2005)131:4(342)
- Jamil, R., Mujeebu, M. A. (2019). Empirical Relation between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach Equations for Cold and Hot Water Flow in Plastic Pipes. WATER, 10, 104–114. doi: https://doi.org/10.14294/water.2019.1
- Kuok, K. K., Chiu, P. C., Ting, D. C. M. (2020). Evaluation of "C" Values to Head Loss and Water Pressure Due to Pipe Aging: Case Study of Uni-Central Sarawak. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 12 (12), 1077–1088. doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2020.1212064
- Hashemi, S., Filion, Y., Speight, V., Long, A. (2020). Effect of Pipe Size and Location on Water-Main Head Loss in Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 146 (6), 06020006. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001222
- Valiantzas, J. D. (2008). Explicit Power Formula for the Darcy–Weisbach Pipe Flow Equation: Application in Optimal Pipeline Design. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 134 (4), 454–461. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:4(454)
- Achour, B., Amara, L. (2020). New Formulation of the Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor. Larhyss Journal, 43, 13–22. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344467645_NEW_FORMULATION_OF_THE_DARCY-WEISBACH_FRICTION_FACTOR
- Simpson, A., Elhay, S. (2011). Jacobian Matrix for Solving Water Distribution System Equations with the Darcy-Weisbach Head-Loss Model. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137 (6), 696–700. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000341
- WaterCAD Users Guide. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/30192668/WaterCAD_Users_Guide
- Al-Shammari, M. H. J., Algretawee, H., Al-Aboodi, A. H. (2020). Using Eight Crops to Show the Correlation between Paucity Irrigation and Yield Reduction of Al-Hussainiyah Irrigation Project in Karbala, Iraq. Journal of Engineering, 2020, 1–12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4672843
- Ntengwe, W., Chikwa, M., Witika, L. K. (2015). Evaluation of Friction Losses In Pipes And Fittings Of Process Engineering Plants. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4 (10), 330–336. Available at: https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/oct2015/Evaluation-Of-Friction-Losses-In-Pipes-And-Fittings-Of-Process-Engineering-Plants.pdf
- Jamil, R. (2019). Frictional head loss relation between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations for various water supply pipe materials. International Journal of Water, 13 (4), 333–347. doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/ijw.2019.106047
- Layth Saeed Abdulameer, A., Dzhumagulova, N. T. (2021). Feasibility study of the choice of pipe parameters and wastewater transportation system for irrigation on the example of the administrative district of Kerbala (Iraq). School of Engineering Bulletin, 49, 81–89. doi: https://doi.org/10.24866/2227-6858/2021-4/81-89
- Santos-Ruiz, I., López-Estrada, F.-R., Puig, V., Valencia-Palomo, G. (2020). Simultaneous Optimal Estimation of Roughness and Minor Loss Coefficients in a Pipeline. Mathematical and Computational Applications, 25 (3), 56. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/mca25030056
- Ormsbee, L., Walski, T. (2016). Darcy-Weisbach versus Hazen-Williams: No Calm in West Palm. World environmental and water resources congress 2016. doi: https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479865.048
- Amaral Madeira, A. (2020). Major and minor head losses in a hydraulic flow circuit: experimental measurements and a Moody's diagram application. Eclética Química Journal, 45 (3), 47–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v45.3.2020.p47-56
- Jaćimović, N., Stamenić, M., Kolendić, P., Đorđević, D., Radanov, B., Vladić, L. (2015). A novel method for the inclusion of pipe roughness in the Hazen-Williams equation. FME Transaction, 43 (1), 35–39. doi: https://doi.org/10.5937/fmet1501035j
- Marušić-Paloka, E., Pažanin, I. (2020). Effects of boundary roughness and inertia on the fluid flow through a corrugated pipe and the formula for the Darcy–Weisbach friction coefficient. International Journal of Engineering Science, 152, 103293. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2020.103293