PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF NOCTURNAL ENURESIS AMONG CHILDREN OF PARENTS ATTENDING PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTERS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, TAIF 2021

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a common genetically complex disorder around the world and have complex underlying etiologies. Its prevalence differs according to age. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors for nocturnal enuresis

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary health centers in Taif city. Parents of children between 5 and 15 years were included in the study. The sample size was estimated to be 213 parents, assuming that approximately 1000 patients will visit the PHCCs throughout the study period, with confidence level of 95%, prevalence of 22.7%11 and margin error of 5%. The study tool included: Personal information, Information for nocturnal enuresis and Information for possible associated factors. Chi-square test, fisher exact test and T test were used when appropriate.

Results: 211 parents completed the questionnaire. the majority of the children were in the age group of 5 to 7 years (49.3%) followed by the age group of 8 to 10 years (28%). The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 39.9%, and it was primary in 54.2% and secondary in 45.8%. The most commonly reported urinary symptom was frequency (44.6%) and urgency (28.9%). The average number of dry nights per week for those children was 5.9 ± 2.2 days.

Conclusion: In summary, the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in Taif City is 39.9%, which is in the range of what was reported in different regions across Saudi Arabia. The majority of the cases were primary and 27% had daytime symptoms. Nocturnal enuresis was associated with the following factors: type of house, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, family history and consanguinity, recurrent UTIs, diabetes mellitus, mental illness, changing home or school, and drinking soft drinks and tea during or after dinner. Enuresis is a pediatric health problem that needs efforts at all levels such as preventive, etiological and curative measures. Some misconceptions among parents and families of those children require health education intervention.