Published December 31, 2003 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Cystisoma pellucida

Description

Cystisoma pellucida (Willemöes ­Suhm) (Figs 1­3)

Thaumops pellucida Willemöes­Suhm, 1873: 207 ­208. – Willemöes­Suhm, 1874a: 182. Willemöes­Suhm 1874b: 629 ­635, pl. 49, 50.

Cystosoma pellucida – Kingsley 1884: 73 ­74, fig. 99.

Thaumatops pellucida – Bovallius 1886: 8 ­10. Bovallius 1887a: 14. Woltereck 1903: 452 ­454, fig. 1. Stephensen 1918: 64 ­66, figs 19, 24­27. Schellenberg 1927: 622, fig. 31. Spandl 1927: 172 ­ 173, fig. 10.

Cystisoma pellucidum – Barnard 1932: 272 (spec. 1 & 6). Pirlot 1938: 364 ­365. Thorsteinson 1941: 92 ­93. Hurley 1956: 10. Brusca 1967a: 387. Brusca 1967b: 451. Brusca 1973: 14. Brusca 1981a: 19 (key), 39, fig. 5b. Brusca 1981b: 358.

Cystisoma pellucida – Vinogradov et al. 1982: 246 ­248, fig. 121. Zeidler 1992: 96, fig. 9. Vinogradov 1999: 1177, fig. 4.74.

Cystisoma spinosum [misidentification] – Stebbing 1888: 1325 ­1329, pl. 155 (spec. B).

Thaumatops spinosa [misidentification] – Vosseler 1901: 94. Woltereck 1903: 449 ­450, 453 (key).

Type material

The unique type, an ovigerous female measuring 84 mm, could not be found in the BMNH and is presumed lost. Fortunately the description and figures given by Willemöes­ Suhm (1874b) are clearly of C. pellucida as understood by modern taxonomists. As the characteristic features of this species are very distinctive its status is not in doubt, despite the loss of the type. The type locality is off Cape St. Vincent, 35º47’N, 8º23’W, in a trawl from 1090 fathoms.

Material examined (54 specimens)

North Atlantic: 3 lots (BMNH), 5 lots (ZMUC), 9 specimens. North Indian: 1 lot (ZMUC), 1 specimen. South Indian: 10 lots (ZMUC), 11 specimens. Central Indo­ Pacific: 2 lots (USNM), 13 lots (ZMUC), 21 specimens. South Pacific: 6 lots (ZMUC), 6 specimens. Tasman Sea: l lot (AM), 3 lots (ZMUC), 4 specimens. Great Australian Bight: 1 lot (SAMA), 1 lot (ZMUC), 2 specimens.

Diagnosis (female only)

Body length up to 85 mm. Head about as long as deep; almost as long as first six pereonites combined; oval when viewed laterally, with slightly convex anterior margin when viewed dorsally. Marginal spines, 10­15; anterior ventral spine larger than glandular spine, clearly the largest; oral spines, 3­5 in arched row. Eyes oval, barely separated medially. First antennae subequal in length to head, ending with swollen gland, with one or two tiny terminal articles. Mandibles with only one medial tooth. Pereopod 5 & 6; carpus distinctly shorter than propodus. Urosome (with uropods) slightly longer than pleon. Uropod 1; exopod length twice length endopod, and about half­length of peduncle, slightly swollen terminally with gland. Uropod 3 similar to U1, but exopod length about 0.6x length of peduncle.

Male unknown (see remarks)

Remarks

There has been some confusion regarding the correct citation of this species (e.g. Vinogradov et al. 1982). Willemöes­Suhm’s description of this species was received by the Royal Society of London on 27th February, 1873. An abbreviated version was published in the Societies’ Proceedings in 1873 and a more detailed description with figures in the Transactions in 1874. Thus, the correct citation for this species is Willemöes­Suhm, 1873.

This is one of the most distinctive species of Cystisoma, readily distinguished by the characteristic shape of the first antennae and the exopods of the uropods, because of the presence of a swollen gland. The distal part of the propodus of pereopods 3­7 is also slightly swollen, because of the presence of a gland, but this is not always very obvious, except for pereopod 7 of mature females, in which the propodus becomes considerably swollen terminally, a feature also found in all other species of Cystisoma.

Males of this species could not be determined in any of the collections examined. Willemöes­Suhm (1874b), Pirlot (1938) and Brusca (1967b) refer to males of C. pellucida but do not provide any information as to how they differ from females, if at all! These authors may have mistaken immature females for males, or made an error in identification. However, Vinogradov et al. (1982) also refer to males, and provide some information on sexual differences. They mention that the head of males is relatively lower, the antennae are much longer than the head and the exopod of U1 is only slightly longer than the endopod. Unfortunately this material was not available for study.

Other

Published as part of Zeidler, Wolfgang, 2003, A review of the hyperiidean amphipod family Cystisomatidae Willemöes­Suhm, 1875 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 141 on pages 9-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156376

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Linked records

Additional details

Biodiversity

Family
Cystisomatidae
Genus
Cystisoma
Kingdom
Animalia
Order
Amphipoda
Phylum
Arthropoda
Species
pellucida
Taxon rank
species

References

  • Willemoes-Suhm, R. (1873) On a new genus of Amphipod Crustaceans. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 21, 206 - 208.
  • Willemoes-Suhm, R. (1874 a) The largest Amphipod - Willemoesia (Deidamia). Nature, 9, 182.
  • Willemoes-Suhm, R. (1874 b) On a new genus of Amphipod Crustaceans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 163 (2), 629 - 638, pls 49, 50.
  • Kingsley, J. S. (1884) The standard Natural History Vol. I I. Crustacea and Insects. Ed. J. S. Kingsley. Cassino and Co., Boston.
  • Bovallius, C. (1886) Remarks on the genus Cysteosoma or Thaumatops. Bihang till Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (9), 1 - 16.
  • Bovallius, C. (1887 a) Systematical list of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea. Bihang till Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (16, 1 - 50.
  • Woltereck, R. (1903) Bermerkungen zu den Amphipoda Hyperiidea der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 1. Thaumatopsidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 26 (700), 447 - 459.
  • Stephensen, K. (1918) Hyperiidea-Amphipoda (Lanceolidae, Scinidae, Vibiliidae, Thaumatopsidae). Report on the Danish Oceanographical Expeditions 1908 - 10 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas 2 (Biology - D 2), 1 - 70.
  • Schellenberg, A. (1927) Amphipoda des Nordischen Plankton. In: Nordisches Plankton Zoologischer Teil Vol. 3. Kiel, Leipzig, pp. 589 - 722.
  • Spandl, H. (1927) Die Hyperiiden (exkl. Hyperiidea Gammaroidea und Phronimidae) der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Band 19, Zoologie, 11, 145 - 287, pl. 10.
  • Barnard, K. H. (1932) Amphipoda. Discovery Reports, 5, 1 - 326.
  • Pirlot, J. M. (1938) Premiere partie (addendum). Les Amphipodes Hyperides. Familles des Lanceolidae, Cystisomatidae et Oxycephalidae. La sexualite chez Cystisoma Guerin-Meneville. Siboga-Expedite, 33 f, 32 - 60.
  • Thorsteinson, E. D. (1941) New or noteworthy amphipods from the North Pacific coast. University of Washington Publications in Oceanography, 4 (2), 50 - 96.
  • Hurley, D. E. (1956) Bathypelagic and other Hyperiidea from Californian waters. Allan Hancock Foundation Publications, Occasional Paper, No. 18, 1 - 25.
  • Brusca, G. J. (1967 a) The ecology of pelagic amphipods, I: Species accounts, vertical zonation and migration of amphipods from the waters off southern California. Pacific Science, 21 (3), 382 - 393.
  • Brusca, G. J. (1967 b) The ecology of pelagic amphipods, II: Observation on the reproductive cycles of several pelagic amphipods from the waters off southern California. Pacific Science, 21 (4), 449 - 456.
  • Brusca, G. J. (1973) Pelagic Amphipoda from the waters near Oahu, Hawaii, excluding the family Scinidae. Pacific Science, 27 (1), 8 - 27.
  • Brusca, G. J. (1981 a) Annotated keys to the Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of North American coastal waters. Technical Reports of the Allan Hancock Foundation, 5, 1 - 76.
  • Brusca, G. J. (1981 b) On the anatomy of Cystisoma (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1, 358 - 375.
  • Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody - Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor).
  • Zeidler, W. (1992) Hyperiid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) collected recently from eastern Australian waters. Records of the Australian Museum, 44 (1), 85 - 133.
  • Vinogradov, G. M. (1999) Amphipoda. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed) South Atlantic Zooplankton. Vol. 2. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 1141 - 1240.
  • Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76 Zoology, 29, i - xxiv + 1 - 1737, pls 1 - 210.
  • Vosseler, J. (1901) Die Amphipoden der Plankton-Expedition. I. Theil. Hyperiidea 1. Ergebnisse der Plankton-Expedition der Humbolt-Stiftung 2: i - viii + 1 - 129, pls 1 - 13.