The 'Evil Tribe' spreads across the land: A dated molecular phylogeny provides insight into dispersal, expansion, and biogeographic relationships within one of the largest tribes of the sunflower family (Vernonieae: Compositae)
- 1. University of Hawaii at Manoa
- 2. San Francisco State University
- 3. Bernice P. Bishop Museum
Description
Premise: With over 1500 species, the globally distributed Vernonieae is one of the most successful members of the Compositae. However, due to its morphological complexity and limited geographic representation in previous studies, subtribal and biogeographic relationships are unclear. Here new DNA sequence data spanning the geographical range of the tribe provides a taxonomically robust time-calibrated phylogeny, an estimation of migration pathways and timing of important biogeographical events and allows inference of environmental factors that have contributed to the success of the Vernonieae worldwide.
Methods: Phylogenetic relationships were estimated for 368 taxa representing all Vernonieae subtribes. Molecular clock and ancestral range estimation analyses provide a framework for inference of the tribe's biogeographic history.
Results: Relationships among the subtribes were established. We confirmed that the Moquinieae are nested in Vernonieae, determined the correct placement of several
problematic taxa, and conducted the first model-based assessment of the biogeographical history of the tribe. The . Vernonieae were estimated to have evolved ~50 Ma ago. Africa was the first center of diversity, from which a single dispersal event established the monophyletic New World lineage. Long-distance dispersal from Africa and Brazil established the tribe on five continents and Oceania.
Conclusions: Moquinieae are nested in Vernonieae. The New World lineage is monophyletic, but Old World taxa are not. New subtribal taxonomies are needed. Long-distance dispersal from Africa beginning 45 Ma was key to establishing the tribe's near-global distribution. Migration corridors created by volcanic mountain chains and iron-rich soils in Africa and the Americas promoted radiation and range expansion.
Notes
Chloroplast_Calibrated.xml: BEAST XML file including chloroplast DNA regions and time calibration priors.
ITS_Calibrated.xml: BEAST XML file including Nuclear ITS and time calibration priors.
Concatenated_Calibrated.xml: BEAST XML file including all DNA regions and time calibration priors.
All_concatenated2.fas - Concatenated alignment of all DNA regions (ITS=1-802, ndhF=803-1479, rpl32-trnL=1480-2419, trnL=2420-3308)
ITS_only_BEAST_output.log: log output of BEAST time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis including nuclear sequences only.
Chloroplast_only_BEAST_output.log: log output of BEAST time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis including chloroplast sequences only.
Concatenated_all_Beast_Output.log: log output of BEAST time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis including both nuclear and chloroplast sequences.
vern_Distributions_ready3.txt: Geographic distribution of taxa used in the Biogeographical analysis.
VERNONIEAE_BIOGEOGRAPHY_R_Code.txt: R code used to run the Biogeographical analysis using BioGeoBEARS v. 1.1.2.
Concatenated_all_BEAST_output.trees: Set of trees from the BEAST 2 run using Concatenated_Calibrated.xml
Chloroplast_only_BEAST_output.trees: Set of trees from the BEAST 2 run using Chloroplast_Calibrated.xml
Final_Calibrated_Conca_tree_Sum_clade.tre: The highest sum of clade credibilities tree from the BEAST 2 run using Concatenated_Calibrated.xml.
ITS_only_BEAST_output.trees: Set of trees from the BEAST 2 run using ITS_Calibrated.xml.
RAXML_OUTPUT_Bipartitions.tre: Maximum Likelihood tree.
Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DEB-0075095
Funding provided by: G. P. Wilder Endowment*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number:
Funding provided by: G. P. Wilder Endowment
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Files
Chloroplast_Calibrated.xml
Files
(2.6 GB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:8e39ef710a57d72740cb3dd87082e6a2
|
1.5 MB | Download |
|
md5:6154a98cbb63c0b4ff187db19cd3962e
|
1.2 MB | Preview Download |
|
md5:58b3c1480301a7306cb4045709e289fe
|
23.7 MB | Download |
|
md5:7a29677900b17552f8ed213786583840
|
780.0 MB | Download |
|
md5:a6af7b0a7a0716644ce71aa83260801a
|
28.1 MB | Download |
|
md5:e30babd6fdaebe37fb1bee4aa8feacda
|
880.0 MB | Download |
|
md5:977542e92bdd6c4feb2c36d89d586643
|
1.8 MB | Preview Download |
|
md5:f5e5b7704a959846c1fe1788487b2a5d
|
549.3 kB | Download |
|
md5:de30d5521c26409054f1ad801d92c30c
|
513.1 kB | Preview Download |
|
md5:ab22e1bedebe49787490b696decfbd0f
|
14.2 MB | Download |
|
md5:eee1be91124f6ef728f77dc885b558ef
|
879.0 MB | Download |
|
md5:1032db596aa86405491f25e0f5d6577d
|
31.7 kB | Download |
|
md5:32222b60c42d78b5dc83af46828e6110
|
12.2 kB | Preview Download |
|
md5:387e0eb2a7f47b8fe91535937c3dd04f
|
66.7 kB | Preview Download |