Pipiza quadrimaculata Panzer

Pipiza quadrimaculata (Panzer)

(Figs. 3, 17, 18, 25, 26)

Material studied (104ɗ 136Ψ): Slovenia: Julian Alps (Savica, 22.05.1988, ɗ, leg. Radnović, 14.06.1988, ɗ 5Ψ, leg. Vujić); Kamniške and Savinjske Alps (Kamniška bistrica, 16.06.1988, ɗ, leg. Vujić; Savinja, 16.06.1988, ɗ 2Ψ, leg. Radnović, Vujić; Matkov kot, 0 1.07.1989, ɗ, leg. Vujić; Matkov kot - Logarska dolina, 25.05.1989, ɗ, leg. Vujić; Logarska dolina, 25.05.1989, ɗ, leg. Vujić); mountain Menina, 24.05.1989, ɗ, leg. Vujić; mountain Menina - Kamnik, 24.05.1989, ɗ Ψ, leg. Vujić. Croatia: mountain Gorski Kotar, 27.05.1990, 3ɗ, leg. Vujić. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Kladanj, 13.05.1989, ɗ, leg. Vujić; mountain Konjuh, 25.06.1989, 3ɗ Ψ, leg. Vujić, 30.07.1989, Ψ, leg. Vujić; mountain Jahorina, 26.06.1989, 2ɗ 2Ψ, leg. Vujić, 14.06.1991, ɗ Ψ, leg. Vujić; mountain Bjelasica, 26.06.1989. Ψ, leg. Vujić. Montenegro: mountain Durmitor (17.07.1981, Ψ, leg. Šimić; Ž abljak, 0 2.07.1983, Ψ, leg. Šimić; Mlinski potok, 22.06.1985, 7ɗ 7Ψ, leg. Vujić, 28.06.1989, ɗ, leg. Vujić, 20.07.1997, 3Ψ, leg. Radenković, 3Ψ leg. Vujić; 23.06.1998, ɗ Ψ leg. Milenković; Sušičko jezero, 25.06.1985, Ψ, leg. Vujić; Sušičko jezero-Zlatica, 19.05.2000, ɗ leg. Vujić; Otoka Crnog jezera, 0 2.07.1981, Ψ, leg. Aleksić, 02- 04.07.1981, Ψ, leg. Ercegovac, 20.06.1983, 2ɗ, leg. Aleksić, Vujić, 24.06.1983, 2ɗ 8Ψ, leg. Aleksić, Vujić, 26.06.1983, 2Ψ, leg. Aleksić, Vujić, 0 3.07.1994. ɗ leg. Radenković; 14.07.1997, 4 Ψ leg. Mićić, 5Ψ leg. Radenković; Crno jezero, 21.06.1983, Ψ, leg. Šimić; Č eline, 27.06.1983, ɗ 2Ψ, leg. Aleksić, Vujić; Mlinski potok - Ivan do, 0 2.08.1998, ɗ leg. Vujić; Ivan do, 27.06.1993, Ψ leg. Vujić; Savin kuk, 25.06.1983, 3Ψ, leg. Aleksić, Vujić; Donja Ališnica, 0 6.07.1991, Ψ, leg. Radnović; Jablan jezero, 0 7.07.1991, Ψ, leg. Vujić; Jablan jezero, 0 6.07.1992, Ψ, leg. Vujić). Serbia: mountain Kopaonik (Picea abies forest, ɗ leg. Milenković; 20.07.1985, ɗ 2Ψ, leg. Šimić; 17- 20.07.1985, ɗ, leg. Šimić; 17.07.1985, ɗ, leg. Šimić; Samokovska reka, 19.07.1985, Ψ, leg. Vujić, 19.06.1996, ɗ 3Ψ leg. Milankov; 14.08.1997, Ψ leg. Vujić, 14.08.1997, 2Ψ leg. Milidragović; 14.08.1997, Ψ leg. Milidragović; 16.06.1986, ɗ Ψ, leg. Bożičić, Šimić, 0 5.07.1986, ɗ16Ψ, leg. Radišić, Radnović, Vujić, 21.06.1991, 2ɗ Ψ, leg. Šimić, Vujić; 16.06.1986, 21ɗ 2Ψ, leg. Bożičić, Šimić, Vujić, 0 3.08.1987, Ψ, leg. Vujić, 22.06.1991, 2ɗ Ψ, leg. Šimić, Vujić; 22.06.1991, Ψ, leg. Vujić; 24.05.1992, 2Ψ, leg. Vujić; Velika reka, 14.06.1986, 6ɗ 4Ψ, leg. Vujić; Jasle- Jablanova ravan, 14.06.1986, 17ɗ 4Ψ, leg. Bożičić, Šimić, Vujić; Jablanova ravan, 0 4.07.1986, 2Ψ, leg. Radišić, Vujić; Jankove bare, 15.06.1986, 3ɗ, leg. Bożičić, Šimić, Vujić; 0 7.07.1986, 4Ψ, leg. Šimić; Marina voda, 15.06.1986, ɗ, leg. Bożičić; Pajino preslo, 18.06.1986, 4ɗ, leg. Bożičić, Šimić, Vujić; Duboka reka, 0 6.07.1986, 4Ψ, leg. Radišić, Radnović, Vujić; 18.06.1986, 4ɗ, leg. Bożičić, Šimić, Vujić; Bačište, 0 6.07.1986, ɗ Ψ, leg. Šimić; Karamanski potok, 0 7.07.1986, 14Ψ, leg. Radišić, Radnović, Vujić, 18.06.1996, 4Ψ leg. Radović, Tanurdżić; Sunčana dolina, 23.06.1991, Ψ, leg. Vujić); mountain Stara planina (Topli do Pilj, 25.06.1987, Ψ, leg. Vujić).

Pipiza quadrimaculata can be distinguished from other luteitarsis group species by short and broad abdomen (tergite 4 more than 2 times wide as long, Figs. 17, 18), presence of pale spots on tergites 2 and 3 (Figs. 17, 18) and well defined marginal ridge of abdomen (Figs. 17, 18). In male, the body is predominately black haired. In female, frons lacks pollinose lateral spots (Fig. 3), body hairs are very short and wing is densely microtrichose.

Variability: female mesoscutum can be from pale haired to almost entirely black haired; spots on tergites can be distinct but sometimes tergites 2 and (or) 3 more or less all black (Figs. 17, 18); basoflagellomere from pale brown to predominantly dark.

Distribution: from Finland south to the Pyrenees, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslavia; through northern and central Europe into Russia as far as the Pacific (Sakhalin). Also, this species supposedly occurs in North America (Speight 2007).

Ecology (based on Speight 2007): preferred environment: forest; conifer forest from the Fagus / Picea zone up into Picea forest; on occasion also in humid Fagus forest. Adult habitat and habits: tracksides, clearings and open, mature forest. Flowers visited: yellow composites; umbellifers; Alliaria, Allium ursinum, Caltha, Cardamine, Cornus, Euphorbia, Fragaria, Malus, Meum, Potentilla, Ranunculus, Rubus, Salix, Sambucus, Sorbus aucuparia. Flight period: end May/July, with occasional later specimens, especially at higher altitudes. Larva: not described, but Kula (1982) records larvae as overwintering among leaf litter on the floor of spruce (Picea) forest.

On the Balkan Peninsula Pipiza quadrimaculata appears in localities at higher altitudes, up to 700m. The main habitats of this species are Fagus and Picea forests, especially near swamps, rivers and streams. This is the most numerous species from the P. luteitarsis group on the Balkans.