Tubpontania cyrnea Liston 2005, comb. nov.

Tubpontania cyrnea (Liston, 2005), comb. nov.

Figs 4, 10, 13, 19.

Pontania pedunculi: Konow, 1901a: 129, nec Nematus pedunculi Hartig, 1837. Pontania joergenseni Enslin, 1916: 17, nec Pontania jörgenseni Strand, 1908: 158. Pontania cyrnea Liston, in Liston & Späth 2005: 4.

Notes on original descriptions and type material. Pontania pedunculi Hartig: Konow, 1901a was based on misidentification. Enslin (1916) proposed Pontania joergenseni as a name for the misidentified species of Konow. Zinovjev & Vikberg (1999: 291) selected the lectotype female for Pontania joergenseni Enslin from Germany, Mecklenburg, p. T. [= Teschendorf], 2.5. [18]94, leg. Fr. W. Konow (coll. Konow, DEI). The lectotype was examined by the author at that time, and was not borrowed again.

The name Pontania joergenseni Enslin, 1916 has since been found to be preoccupied by Pontania jörgenseni Strand, 1908, a synonym of Euura amerinae (Linné, 1758); Blank et al. (2009).

Pontania cyrnea was described from Corsica based on three females (Liston & Späth 2005). The holotype and one paratype (ZSM) were studied. The photographs of the holotype are shown in Taeger & Blank (2008) under Phyllocolpa anomaloptera.

The characters of the holotype female of Pontania cyrnea Liston: Clypeus black, labrum brownish, mandible apically amber, medially yellowish brown, base near clypeus blackish, on lower margin whitish. Palpi brownish yellow. Frontal area weakly defined, slightly concave, entirely tuberculate, anterior wall incised, frontal fovea small, shallow. Lateral margin of pronotum slightly yellow. Tegula yellow. Upper half of mesepisternum densely hairy, with faint alutaceous sculpture, shining; lower half smooth, shining, sparsely hairy; glabrous zone interrupted by hairs. Costa brownish and wing stigma bicoloured, basally whitish and apically brownish. Coxae basally black, basal 0.6 of hind coxa black. Other parts of legs brownish yellow, hind tarsus infuscate. Terga 3–4 with sparse, short hairs. Cerci yellow, tergum 10 black. Lower margin of basal sheath brown, apical sheath black. Sawsheath in dorsal view (Fig. 4) triangular, apically with tuft of long curved setae, on dorsal margin just near these long setae with 0–1 shorter setae which are directed backwards. The saw of the holotype was not studied (it is wholly inside sheath).

Measurements of the holotype female of Pontania cyrnea. Body 4.0. Fore wing 4.2, costa 2.3. Head width 1.17, head height 0.81, head length 0.66. Malar space 0.09. Intertorular distance 0.13. Compound eye 0.54 x 0.38. Distance between eyes on frons 0.75, on face 0.75. POL 0.24, OOL 0.23, OD 0.06. Postocellar area 0.15 x 0.35. Flagellomeres 1–7: 0.40 (height 0.11), 0.40, 0.36, 0.28, 0.25, 0.24, 0.25 (height 0.06); total 2.18. Hind femur 1.20, height 0.24. Hind tibia 1.33, apical width 0.19, inner hind spur 0.25, outer spur 0.20. Hind tarsomeres 1–5: 0.51, 0.21, 0.16, 0.08, 0.21; total 1.17. Hind claw 0.09. Ovipositor sheath 1.03. Sawsheath 0.55 x 0.17. Cercus 0.15 x 0.05.

The paratype female of Pontania cyrnea is 4.0 mm long, head width 1.15. One of its lancets was prepared by Kopelke and the other is wholly visible in the specimen. Lamnium S-shaped, with 23 segments, 0.62 mm long.

The characters of the holotype and paratype females fit those of Pontania joergenseni Enslin.

Further description. Female. Lancet: radix with a group of 9–11 pores and 0–2 isolated pores, lamnium with 22–23 segments, apically strongly curved, annulus 2 with no or only few ctenidial spines, ctenidial spines on annuli 3–5 short, triangular, not reaching aulax. Tooth 10 from base (Fig. 13) with 8–11 distinct serrulae, with basal third not elevated, postcalcar obtuse, rounded, cypsella short, emarginated.

The distribution of thin setae on abdominal terga 1–4 was drawn in Zinovjev & Vikberg (1999, fig. 36).

Measurements of a large female of Tubpontania cyrnea from Kirkkonummi, Siikajärvi. Body 4.9. Fore wing 4.9, costa 2.7. Head width 1.42, head height 1.00, head length 0.84. Malar space 0.11. Intertorular distance 0.16. Compound eye 0.64 x 0.45. Distance between eyes on frons 0.90, on face 0.88. POL 0.28, OOL 0.27, OD 0.10. Postocellar area 0.20 x 0.50. Flagellomeres 1–7: 0.45 (height 0.14), 0.41, 0.37, 0.27, 0.27, 0.25, 0.26 (height 0.06); total 2.28. Hind femur 1.41, height 0.30. Hind tibia 1.56, apical width 0.21, inner hind spur 0.33, outer spur 0.25. Hind tarsomeres 1–5: 0.56, 0.22, 0.17, 0.09, 0.22; total 1.26. Hind claw 0.14. Ovipositor sheath 1.05. Sawsheath 0.65 x 0.15. Cercus 0.16 x 0.05.

Male. Measurements of a large male of Tubpontania cyrnea from Kirkkonummi, Siikajärvi: Body 3.9. Fore wing 3.8, costa 2.2. Head width 1.24, head height 0.79, head length 0.65. Malar space 0.10. Intertorular distance 0.15. Compound eye 0.54 x 0.40. Distance between eyes on frons 0.79, on face 0.74. POL 0.25, OOL 0.23, OD 0.07. Postocellar area 0.14 x 0.39. Flagellomeres 1–7: 0.40 (height 0.16), 0.42, 0.40, 0.32, 0.30, 0.30, 0.30 (height 0.07); total 2.44. Hind femur 1.16, height 0.25. Hind tibia 1.26, apical width 0.17, inner hind spur 0.27, outer spur 0.21. Hind tarsomeres 1–5: 0.54, 0.25, 0.19, 0.08, 0.22; total 1.28. Hind claw 0.10. Hypopygium 0.93 x 0.66.

Variability. Length of body in females 3.4–5.2 mm, in males 3.5–4.2 mm. Head width in females 1.01– 1.42 mm, in males 1.12–1.24 mm.

Ovipositor sheath length 0.85–1.07 mm (mean 0.99 mm, n = 12). Ovipositor sheath / head width index 0.72–0.88 (mean 0.78, n=13), lower index values in large females, larger values in small females.

Lamnium of lancet / head width: 0.67 / 1.23 = 0.54 (Nurmes 11.6.1939), 0.67 / 1.24 = 0.54 (Kirkkonummi, Siikajärvi 7.6.1969), 0.67 / 1.25 = 0.54 (Suojärvi 23.5.1937), 0.68 / 1.34 = 0.51 (Ruovesi 9.6.1946), 0.68 / 1.35 = 0.50 (Lövö 7.6.191 7), 0.69 / 1.42 = 0.49 (Siikajärvi 7.6.1969).

Sex ratio. From South Finland the studied material consists of 83 females and 34 males. The proportion of males is thus 30 per cent.

Flight period. From 12 biogeographical provinces of South Finland (Varsinais-Suomi to Central Ostrobothnia), 75 females with known dates of capture are in collections. If they are allocated to five day periods, the following distribution is found: May 12–16: 1, May 17–21: 5, May 22–26: 10, May 27–31: 7, June 1–5: 12, June 6–10: 21, June 11–15: 12, June 16–20: 3, June 21–25: 3, June 26–30: 2 females. Thus, a Gaussian distribution occurs with a peak in the second five day period in June. No females were found in July. There is one generation per year.

Host plants and ovipositing experiments. This species is apparently monophagous on Salix caprea. This willow species occurs locally in Corsica too, although Salix atrocinerea is much more common there (Jalas & Suominen 1976). Usually leaf-rolls occur on longer shoots of young specimens of the plant, growing in shaded places, with leaves comparatively more thin and less pubescent (Zinovjev & Vikberg 1999), but in Janakkala adults were swept and leaf-rolls were found also on taller plants in sunny places. Zinovjev & Vikberg (1998, fig. 8) illustrate the galls of Pontania joergenseni on Salix caprea in Leningrad Province.

Ovipositing experiment no. 4 / 94 (VV). One female was captured on a small, young Salix caprea on 12.5. 1994 in Turenki, Kuumola, Siilotie. A branch of the plant was cut, its lower end put into water and it was offered to the female indoors. Between 18–19.00 local time the female laid two eggs. First the female studied the upper and lower sides of young leaves, touched their surface with the apex of sawsheath and selected a leaf which was 10 mm long. It went on lower surface near the middle of the leaf, touched the surface two times with apex of sawsheath and began to lay an egg near lateral margin of the leaf; oviposition took 5 ½ min. After that the female studied leaves as before and selected a 14 mm long leaf and begun to lay an egg in lateral part of the leaf in a very tight place; laying of this egg took 9 min. Between 19–20.00 the female laid two more eggs. Ovipositing took from 5 to 6 min each time but before laying an egg the female touched the surface of the leaf with the apex of ovipositor for several minutes either on the opposite or same margin or both. After that the female was killed. During next five days the oviposition site swelled distinctly on lower margin of the leaf; the swelling was rather near the leaf margin in basal third of the leaf. The larvae died inside the procecidia.

Observations of galls and larvae outside in Janakkala, Turenki, Siilotie (Uniform grid 27°E 6758:3372). On 20.5.1994 galls and larvae were found on young plants of Salix caprea. The leaf margin is tightly rolled and the larva gnaws the inner side of the roll. On 31.5 one larva was 6 mm long, head brownish green, body pale green, dorsal vessel darker green. Pseudocerci blunt, rather small, directed outwards, their apex black, placed at lateral corners of anal tergum. On 1.6.1994 one prepupa (no. 7 / 94) was put into alcohol. On 18.6.1994 many rolls were found, with the procecidium in basal half of the leaf, measuring 2–3.5 mm along longitudinal axis of leaf, with signs of feeding inside (small particles of faeces present). The larvae feed on inner surface of the gall leaving only outer cuticle intact, which turns brown.

Tight rolls on Salix caprea were found at Janakkala, Hakoinen (6754:3368) on Salix caprea on 6.6.2001 and Janakkala, near Jaarli printing house (6761:3371) on 9.6.2000 (two cocoons were obtained later for rearing no. 17 / 00) and 17.6.2001. Leaf-rolls of the species on Salix caprea were found also at Janakkala, Kiianlinna (6760:3369) in June 2001.

Distribution. Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden.

Material / specimens examined: Finland. V (= Varsinais-Suomi): Karjalohja, 1♀ 1.6.1963, 1♂ 31.5.1964, leg. J. Kangas (ZMH); 1♂ 31.5.1964, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV). Pyhäjärvi, 1♂ 15.6.1957, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV). Vihti (Vichtis), 1♀, leg. R. Frey (ZMH). Vihti, 1♀ 29.5.1960, 1♀ 4.6.1960, 1♀ 21.6.1962, leg. V. J. Karvonen (ZMH); 1♂ 16.6.1962, leg. E. Karvonen (ZMH). Vihti, Siikajärvi, 1♀ 10.6.1964, 1♂ 22.5.1966, 1♀ 30.5.1966, 2♀ 21.5.1967, 1♀ 14.6.1969, 1♀ 5.6.1971, leg. V. J. Karvonen (ZMH). Pargas, 1♀, leg. Reuter. Perniö, Kemiö, Strömma, 3.6.1944, leg. E. Hellman (ZMH).

U (= Uusimaa): Espoo (Lövö), 1♀ 7.6.1947, leg. E. Lindqvist (ZMH). Helsingfors, 1♀ 23.5.1963, 1♀ 6.6.1964, 1♀ 29.5.1967, leg. E. Lindqvist (ZMH). Helsinge, 1♀ 25.5.1960, 1♂ 26.5.1962, 1♂ 28.5.1965, leg. E. Lindqvist (ZMH). Helsingin pitäjä, 1♂ 27.5.1967, leg. V. J. Karvonen (ZMH). Helsinki, 1♀ 4.6.1959, leg. J. Perkiömäki (ZMH). Helsinki, Nordsjö, 1♀ 23.5.1963, leg. M. Viitasaari (CMV). Helsinki (6681:3397), 1♂ 1♀ 7.6.1971, leg. M. Viitasaari (CMV). Kirkkonummi, 1♀ 6.6.1962, leg. V. J. Karvonen (ZMH); 1♂ 19.5.1963, leg. J. Karvonen (ZMH). Kirkkonummi, Siikajärvi, 1♀ 25.5.1953, 1♂ 29.5.1960, 1♂ 7.6.1964, 1♀ 19.6.1964, 1♀ 7.6.1969, leg. V. J. Karvonen (ZMH, CVV); 1♂ 3.6.1962, 1♀ 7.6.1969, leg. E. Karvonen (ZMH). Munksnäs, 1♀ 30.5.1935, 1♂ 17.5.1937, 1♀ 24.6.1955, 1♂ 3.6.1956, leg. E. Lindqvist (ZMH). Pernå, 1♂ 5.6.1944, 1♀ 7.6.1944, leg. Å. Nordström (ZMH). Snappertuna, 1♀ 10.6.1962, leg. J. Perkiömäki (ZMH).

EK (= South Karelia): Vehkalahti, 1♀ 19.5.1975, leg. L. Tiensuu (ZMH).

EH (= South Häme): Forssa, 1♀ 28.5.1963, leg. M. Käpylä (FNHM). Hattula, 1♀ 7.6.1953, 2♂ 1♀ 25.5.1969, 1♀ 29.5.1969, 1♂ 3.6.1970, 1♀ 8.6.1972, 1♀ 11.6.1972, 1♀ 22.5.1983, 1♂ 22.6.1985, (676:334) 1♀ 26.6.1994, leg. M. Nuorteva (CMN, CMV). Hattula, 1♀ 9.6.1969, 1♂ 1♀ 5.6.1970, 1♂ 1♀ 5.6.1971, 1♀ 27.6.1971, 1♀ 13.6.1974, 1♀ 20.5.1993, 1♀ 21.5.1993, 1♀ 26.6.1993, 1♀ 11.6.1995, leg. J. K. Nuorteva (CJN). Hattula, Vuohiniemi (6763:3342), 1♂ 10.5.2000, leg. J. Nuorteva (CJN). Janakkala, Kalpalinna, W of Turistirinne, 1♀ 20.5.2009, 2♀ 22.5.2009, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV). Janakkala, Kuumola (6758:3372), 1♀ 12.5.1994, 2♂ 21.5.2009, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV). Janakkala, Punkka, 1♂ 15.5.2009, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV). Janakkala, Vähähiidentie, 1♀ 22.5.2009, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV). Juupajoki, 1♀ 19.6.1935, leg. Y. Kangas (ZMH). Kangasala, 3♀ 3.6.1943, 1♀ 5.6.1943, leg. Th. Grönblom (ZMH). Kuhmalahti, 1♂ ex larva on Salix caprea, emerged 12.5.1981, leg. J. Kangas (55 / 80, CVV). Pälkäne,[254], 1♀ 4.6.1959, [M16 / R] 1♀ 19.6.1981, Ruotsila shore grove 1♂ 21.5.1983, [M20 Helle] 1♀ 1.6.1987, leg. J. Kangas (ZMH). Pälkäne, harju, 1♀ 9.6.1962, leg. A.-J. Syrjänen (ZMH). Pälkäne [Sy], 27.5.1962, leg. Y. Ranta (ZMH). Pälkäne, [204], 1♂ 16.5.1960, 1♀ 8.6.1963, 24.6.1964, leg. M. Viitasaari (CMV). P.-Pirkkala, 1♀ 10.6.1937, leg. Th. Grönblom (ZMH), labelled Nematus anomalopterus Först. ♀ O. Conde det. 1939. Ruovesi, [514], 9.6.1946, leg. J. Kangas (ZMH). Somero, 1♀ 12.6.1965, leg. J. Kuusinen (FNHM). Tampere, 1♀ 22.5.1964, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV).

EP (= South Ostrobothnia): Maxmo, 1♀ 4.6.- 14.6.1946, leg. W. Hellén (ZMH).

PH (= North Häme): Keuru, 1♀, leg. M. Pohjola (CMV). Toivakka (688:345), 1♀ 7.6.1975, leg. E. Tiihonen (ZMH).

PS (= North Savo): Nilsiä, Lastulahti (7011:3561), 1♀ 8.6.1996, leg. M. Nuorteva (CMN). Nilsiä, Pajustenmäki (7013:3546), 1♂ 7.6.1996, leg. J. Nuorteva (CJN). Nilsiä, Syvärinranta (7025:3549), 2♀ 11.6.1994, 3♀ 7.6.1996, leg. J. Nuorteva (CJN); 1♀ 11.6.1994, leg. M. Nuorteva (CMN). Nilsiä, Tahkomäki (7021:3551), 1♀ 12.6.1994, leg. J. Nuorteva (CJN).

PK (= North Karelia): Joensuu, 1♂ 23.5.1967, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV). Nurmes, 2♂ 2♀ 11.6.1939, 1♂ 12.6.1939, 1♀ 13.6.1939, leg. A. Saarinen (CMV, ZMH).

Kn (= Kainuu): Kuhmo, 1♀ 28.6.1965, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV); 1♀ 2.7.1965, leg. T. Kontuniemi (CMV). Sotkamo, 1♀ 10.6.1936, 1♀ 14.6.1936, leg. Y. Kangas (ZMH); 1♀ 1.7.1936, leg. M. Pohjola (ZMH).

PeP (= Outer Ostrobothnia): Rovaniemen mlk., Yli-Nampa, 1♀ 18.6.1969, leg. M. Viitasaari (CMV).

KiL (= Kittilä Lapland): Muonio, Ylimuonio (7553:3356), 1♀ 17.6.2003 on Salix caprea, leg. V. Vikberg (CVV).

Norway. Nordland, Lofot, Austwagoya, Rörvika, 1♀ (reared specimen), the leaf-roll (SZ 48 / 2001) on Salix caprea was taken on 13.8.2001 and the female emerged in May 2002. The specimen (body 3.8, head width 1.15 mm) is damaged but clearly identifiable. Its saw has been mounted on slide 1033 / Kopelke. The lamnium of lancet has 23 segments. The female was identified as Ph. anomaloptera by Kopelke (FNMS).

Russia, Karelian Republic, Suojärvi, 4♀ 23.5.1937, leg. E. Lindqvist (ZMH).

Sweden, BhG (= Bohuslän): Göteborg, 1♀ 11.5.1959, leg. O. Ranin (CVV).