Trimeromicrus maculatus Gahan

Trimeromicrus maculatus Gahan revived combination

Figs 206–215

Trimeromicrus maculatus Gahan, 1914: 162. Holotype (Ƥ, USNM, examined). Zatropis maculatus; Heydon & Bouček, 1992: 480.

Lyrcus maculatus; Bouček, 1993: 1250. Combination by implication through synonymy of Zatropis under Lyrcus by Bouček (1993: 1250).

Diagnosis. Metapleuron entirely sculptured and with anterior margin abutting posterior margin of mesopleuron on same level (Figs 212, 213). Flagellum (Fig. 210) with 3 basal ringlike articles lacking mps and 5 funicular articles with mps in both sexes. Fore wing disc with 1 to 2 irregular rows of distinctly longer admarginal than dorsal discal setae, and speculum extending to level usually about equal with middle of stigmal vein (Fig. 209). Head without malar depression (Fig. 211); parascrobal region usually with tiny bump or smooth and shiny spot adjacent to inner orbit at about mid height (Figs 210, 211: arrow), though absent from some smaller individuals. Head (Fig. 210) and mesosoma (Figs 206, 212) usually with distinctive pattern of bluish to green markings, including anteriorly on each mesoscutal lateral lobe and axilla, paramedial areas anteriorly on mesoscutal medial lobe, and medial area on scutellum, and with short, brownish, hairlike setae not contrasting with cuticle. Propodeum with plical carina and often additional carinae within nuchal furrow delimiting inverted Y-like margined adpetiolar strip, and without paraspiracular carina (Fig. 215). Both mandibles tridentate with two acute ventral teeth and dorsal truncation (Fig. 214).

Description. Female habitus: Fig. 208. Head (Fig. 210) and mesosoma (Figs 206, 212) of female dark except for variably distinct bluish to green markings, usually most conspicuously on mesonotum with paramedial spots anteriorly on mesoscutal medial lobe and anterior spot on each of mesoscutal lateral lobe, axilla and scutellum, though male sometimes more uniformly green to bluish (Fig. 207); head and mesosoma with brownish, hairlike setae. Eye bare or at least superficially bare with at most exceedingly short, sparse, inconspicuous setae. Mandibles tridentate, with two ventral teeth and dorsal, often slightly concave truncation (Fig. 214). Head in frontal view (Fig. 210) subcircular to slightly transverse-oval; antenna inserted obviously above lower margin of eyes near middle of face; tentorial pits not evident; clypeus very slightly incurved, vertically striate (Figs 211, 214); face almost uniformly meshlike reticulate, except usually for tiny bump or smoother and shinier spot adjacent to eye at about midheight (Figs 210, 211: arrow), though absent from some smaller individuals. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 206) abruptly declined immediately behind posterior ocelli, hence strongly transverse with vaulted vertex. Head in lateral view without malar depression, but with malar sulcus (Figs 211, 212); malar space about 0.6× height of eye. Antenna (Figs 208, 210) with scape extending to level of anterior ocellus; flagellum with 3 very strongly transverse basal flagellomeres without mps and with 5 quadrate to slightly transverse funiculars with mps; clava with apical clavomere uniformly conical without micropilose sensory region.

Pronotum with collar smoothly rounded into steeply angled collum (Figs 208, 212). Mesonotum (Fig. 206) meshlike reticulate; mesoscutum with incomplete notauli; scutellum without frenum, in lateral view apex rounded with posterior margin vertical to metanotum, not reflexed into distinct marginal rim (Fig. 212). Fore wing hyaline (Fig. 208); marginal vein not thickened and about 1.0–1.4× length of stigmal vein and subequal in length to postmarginal vein; stigma small, not distinctly capitate; costal cell comparatively narrow, without setae dorsally but ventrally with line of setae along length; basal cell, basal fold and mediocubital fold bare in female or basal cell apically/basal fold with 1–3 setae in male; disc ventrally with 1 to 2 irregular rows of long admarginal setae relative to discal setae; disc dorsally uniformly setose beyond speculum; speculum extending usually to level about equal with middle of stigmal vein (Fig. 209). Metapleuron completely sculptured and with anterior margin on same level as and abutting mesopleuron (Figs 212, 213). Metacoxa bare dorsobasally; metatibia with single tibial spur. Propodeum (Fig. 215) with short vertical carina posterolaterally on callus (cf. Fig. 103: arrow 2) within furrow differentiating slender supracoxal flange, but in dorsal view neither distinct or projecting denticle-like; with transverse-triangular adpetiolar strip variably distinctly delineated by inverted Y-shaped carinal complex; plicae variably distinct, but at least carinate posteriorly on either side of adpetiolar strip; plical region meshlike coriaceous-reticulate except for short longitudinal carinae extending posteriorly from anterior margin and usually with 1 or more short carinae within furrow between plical and median carina, but without any indication of costula or paraspiracular carina.

Gaster of female lanceolate (Fig. 208), about 1.2× combined length of head and mesosoma; Gt1 with posterior margin slightly emarginate; syntergum short; cercus with all setae of similar length; hypopygium extending at most about two-thirds length of gaster. Petiole smooth, shiny, and transverse.

Type information. Gahan (1914) did not specifically designate a holotype, simply stating that the species was described from many specimens and that the “ type ” was USNM catalogue number 18332. The USNM has a single female in the type collection labelled as “ Type No. 18332 U.S. N.M.”. Photographs of this specimen and its labels are available at http://www.chalcidtypes.com/. The general collection has one male labelled as “Allotype” and another 24 females and 17 males as “ Paratype ” under the same number. The putative holotype lacks its gaster, but some of the female paratypes are entire.

Material examined. NEARCTIC. (1 USNM). CANADA. ALBERTA: Coaldale, ca. 1 km NE, 49º44.92'N 112º30.05'W, 16, 25, 29, 30.VII.2002, em. 1.VIII or later, ex Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) reared from pods of Brassica napus (2 CNC). Edmonton, Univ. Alberta, 49º44.94'N 112º45.23'W, 23.VII.2004, B. Ulmer & L. Dosdall (5 CNC). nr Lethbridge, B. Ulmer & L. Dosdall — 49º27'N 112º39'W, coll. 13.VIII.2004, em.

13.VIII.2004, ex Brassica napus (4 CNC); 49º09'N 111º48'W, 29.VII.2004, ex Brassica juncea (1 CNC). BRITISH COLUMBIA: Apex Mountain, 49º24.993'N 119º47.117'W, coll. 22.VII.2010, em. 5, 10, 26, 29.VII.2010, Gillespie & Clarke, ex Lesquerella douglasii (20 CNC). Enderby, 50º32.380'N 119º06.605'W, coll. 28.VI.2005, em. 8, 11.VII.2005, A. Silversides & D. Gillespie, ex Brassica rapa pods (2 CNC). Chilliwack, 49º09.153'N 121º58.315'W, coll. 7.VII.2005, em. 8.VII.2005, A. Silversides & D. Gillespie (1 CNC). Keremeos, 49º15.863'N 120º00.861'W, coll. 22.VII.2010, em. 26.VII.2010, Gillespie & Clarke, ex Lesquerella douglassi (11 CNC, Photo 2011-1). ONTARIO: Bruce Co., Chesley, 44º18.409'N 81º3.31'W, coll. 27.VII.2005, em. 15.VIII.2005, A. Badiss & M. Wogin, ex Ceutorhynchus obstrictus on Brassica napus (1 CNC). Grey Co., Chatsworth, 44º29.564'N 81º0.636'W, coll. 27.VII.2005, em. 15.VIII.2005, A. Badiss & M. Wogin, ex Ceutorhyncus obstrictus on Brassica napus (1 CNC). Allisonville, 44º0.705'N 77º23.664'W, coll. 13.VII.2006, em. 1.VIII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex winter B. napus pods (2 CNC). Bothwell, 42º37.052'N 81º57.781'W, coll. 22.VI.2006, em. 12.VII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex winter B. napus pods (7 CNC). Brigden, 42º45.013'N 82º17.002'W, coll. 22.VI.2006, em. 30.VI.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex winter B. napus pods (4 CNC). Brooklin, 43º58.108'N 78º53.679'W, coll. 26.VII.2006, em. 3.VIII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex B. napus pods (1 CNC). Flesherton, 43º38.010'N 80º23.477'W, coll. 25.VII.2006, em. 16.VIII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex B. napus pods (3 CNC). Metcalfe, Tamarack Farm, 45º10.120'N 75º29.269'W, coll. 14.VI.2006, em. 23.VI.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex Capsella bursa-pastoris (11 CNC). Osgoode, Gino's Garlic Farm, 45º11.165'N 75º34.842'W, coll. 14.VI.2006, em. 06.VII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex Capsella bursa-pastoris pods (6 CNC). Ottawa, Central Experimental Farm, 45º21.978'N 75º43.842'W, coll. 24.VII.2006, em. 4.VIII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex E. cherianthoides stems (2 CNC). Port Darlington, 43º54.038'N 78º38.900'W, coll. 14.VII.2006, em. 3.VIII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex B. napus pods (1 CNC). Sarnia, 42º51.602'N 82º14.902'W, coll. 22.VI.2006, em. 5.VII.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex winter B. napus pods (1 CNC). Solna, Leask Rd, 43º58.462'N 78º50.281'W, coll. 26.VI.2006, em. 2.IX.2006, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex E. cherianthoides pods (22 CNC). Thamesville, Mason, Miall & Wogin, ex winter B. napus pods— 42º32.052'N 81º55.352'W, coll. 22.VI.2006, em. 5.VII.2006 (6 CNC); 42º32.483'N 81º59.436'W, coll. 21.VI.2007, em. 3.VII.2007 (2 CNC). QUEBEC: St.-Jean-sur-Richelieu, r. Pierre - Caisse & Hwy 219, 45 º19.739'N 73º17.916'W, 2.VIII.2007, em. 23.VIII.2007, J. Miall & P.G. Mason, ex Erysimum cherianthoides (1 CNC). SASKATCHEWAN: RM 111 SW 15 11 28, 30.VIII.2004, M. Braun & O. Olfert (1 CNC). Bracken, 49º13.325'N 108º5.467'W, 9.VIII.2005, M. Braun & O. Olfert, ex canola seedpods (1 CNC). Downey Lake Hutterite Colony, 49º48.520'N 109º44.452'W, 8.VIII.2005, M. Braun & O. Olfert, ex canola seedpods (3 CNC, Photo 2011-126). Golden Prairie, 50º13.384'N 109º47.158'W, 8.VIII.2005, M. Braun & O. Olfert, ex canola seedpods (2 CNC, Photo 2011-143). Val Marie, 49º15.705'N 107º39.152'W, 16.VIII.2005, M. Braun & O. Olfert, ex canola seedpods (1 CNC).

USA. ARIZONA: Apache Co., Alpine, 7.5 mi. N, 8.IV.29, V.E. Romney, C. serrulata (1 USNM). St. Johns, 12, 13.VI.32, E.E. Russell, reared from Loco pods, Tempe No. 6879 (5 USNM). Cochise Co., Bisbee—ca. 6000', 6.X.72, em. 24.X.72, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Mimosa dysocarpa (1 TAMU); 3 mi. W, 16.VIII.77, em. 27.XII.77, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Acacia constricta (1 TAMU). Bisbee-Douglas Int. Airport, 8 mi. N Douglas, ca. 4000', C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus thurberi (2 TAMU). Cochise Stronghold, 14.X.73, em. 13.XI.73, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Mimosa biuncifera (2 TAMU). Douglas— 4 mi. W, ca. 4000', 11.VI.77, em. 13.VI.77, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus thurberi (1 TAMU); V.57, J.H. Russell, Astragalus mollissimus (3 USNM). Portal—5.7 mi. SE, 12.IX.78, G. Gordh (1 UCRC); 1 mi. NE, 28.VIII.79, C.W. Melton (1 UCRC), J. LaSalle (1 UCRC); 1 mi. NE, 14.IX.78, J. LaSalle, sweeping Acacia constricta (1 UCRC). San Simon Rd., 26.VIII.97, B.G. Carey, sweep Larrea, Parthenium, Sphaeraicea, Senecio (2 UCRC). Tempe, Webster No. 7270— 27.VI.11, 3, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28.VII.11, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16.VIII.11, 14.IX.11 (91 USNM). Tombstone, 7 mi. S, 6.XI.76, em. 12.X.77, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Acacia vernicosa (2 TAMU). Coconino Co., Flagstaff—IV.78, Barber & Schwarz (1 USNM); IX.66, C.D. Johnson, reared from seeds Astragalus sp. (1 TAMU). Tuba City, 3 mi. SE, 29.VIII.67, J.C. Hall (2 UCRC). Gila Co., Globe, 22.VII.73, em. 2.VIII.73, K. Walker, reared Acacia constrica (1 TAMU). Maricopa Co., Buckeye, 21.IX.12, T.D. Urbahns, Webster No. 7219 (11 USNM). Camp Creek, 12, 18, 25.IV.33, L.L. Stitt, reared par. Bruchophagus, alfalfa (9 INHS). Scottsdale, 10 mi. N, 25.VII.83, M. Hetz, reared seeds Cercidium microphyllum (1 UCDC). Navajo Co., Snowflake, 31.V.32, E.E. Russell, reared from Loco pods, Tempe No. 6894 (1 USNM). Pinal Co., Casa Grand[e], V.L. Wildermuth, Webster No. 6180 (2 USNM). Sacaton— 14.VI.09, sweeping pomegranate (8 USNM); Webster No. 5540— 9.IX.09, reared from alfalfa pods (2 USNM); 6.IX.09 (2 USNM), C.N. Ainslie. Santa Cruz Co., San Rafael Valley, 31º28'48"N 110º34'09"W, 1551m, tank in oak savanna, coll. 9.V.2007, em. 16.V.2007, K. Mauz, from sporocarp of Marsilea mollis B.L. Rob. & Fernald (6 CNC). Sycamore Canyon, 9mi W Peña Blanca Lk, 4100', 12.VIII.83, R. Anderson (1 CNC, Photo 2011- 37). Yavapai Co., Beaver Creek Ranger Sta., 2 mi. NE Montezuma Well, 11.IX.69, em. 23.IX.69, G.W. Forister, reared seeds Mimosa biuncifera (1 TAMU). Clarkdale—entrance to Tuzigoot Nat'l Monument, 22.VI.70, em. 11.VII.70 (1 TAMU), em. 7.VII.70 (1 USNM), T.D. Center, reared seeds Astragalus lentiginosus; 1 mi. E, 9.V.72, em. 15.V.72, 5.VI.72, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus wootoni (2 TAMU); 1 mi. E, 5.VI.70, em. 21.VI.70, C.D. Johnson reared seeds Astragalus lentiginosus (1 TAMU); 1 mi. E, 5.VI.70, em. 22.VII.70, T.D. Center, reared seeds Astragalus calycosus (1 TAMU). Camp Verde— 10 mi. S, 24.VII.69, em. 1.VIII.89 (1 TAMU), 14.VIII.89, em. 28.VIII.89 (1 TAMU), reared seeds Acacia constricta, G.W. Forister. Camp Verde, 11 mi. N, 9.VI.70, em. 25.VI.70, T.D. Center, reared seeds Astragalus lentiginosus (1 TAMU). Chavez Crossing [Campground], 14.VI.70, reared seeds Lotus mearnsii, T.D. Center (1 USNM). W Clear Creek Cp., 7.5 mi. ESE Campe Verde, 3500'— 21.VII.78, 29.IX.78, R. Conway, reared seeds Prosopis velutina (5 TAMU); 4.IX.69, em. 23.IX.69, G.W. Forister, reared seeds Acacia constricta (1 TAMU); 2,8. IX.83, M. Hetz, reared Acacia constricta (2 TAMU); 2.IX.73, em. 2.X.73, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Acacia constricta (2 TAMU); 22.VII, 15.VIII 20,29.IX, 6.X.78, R. Conway, reared seeds Acacia greggii (9 TAMU). Clear Creek Campgrounds, 8 mi. SE Camp Verde, 26.IX.70, em. 2, 9.X.70, T.D. Center, reared seeds Acacia constricta (2 TAMU). Cornville, 14 mi. N, 9.V.72 —em. 5.VI.72, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus lentiginosus (2 TAMU); em. 15.V.72, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus wootoni (1 TAMU). Cottonwood, 4 mi. NE, 5.VI.70, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus lentiginosus (5 TAMU). Jerome, 7 mi. SW, G.W. Forister— 30.VII.69 (1 UCDC); potato patch, 30.VII.69 (1 UCDC). Yuma Co., Yuma, 11, 25.VIII.13, 11, 12, 14, 20, 24, 25.VIII.13, 12.VI.14, T.D. Urbahns, Webster No. 7202 (69 USNM). CALIFORNIA: Contra Costa Co., Moraga, 19.VI.93, R.L. Zuparko (2 EMEC). Eldorado Co., Meyers— 23.VII.51, E.I. Schlinger (1 UCDC); 1 mi. S, 24.VII.55, E.I. Schlinger (1 UCDC). Fremont Co., Colorado Springs, 23 mi. SE, Hwy 115, 5800', 17.VI.82, G. Gibson (1 CNC). Inyo Co., Antelope Springs— 7 mi. W Deep Springs, 2.VII.65, M.E. Irwin (1 UCRC); 20.VI.1960, H.K. Court (3 UCDC). China Lake Naval W.C. [weapons center], Coso Mtns, Silver Peak Springs on west side, 27.VII.99, M. Gates (1 UCRC). S Coso Peak, 2340m, 36º11'42"N 117º43'21"W, 17.VII.99, M. Gates (1 UCRC). Darwin, 14km NW, 25.V.94, S.L. Heydon (1 UCDC). Lone Pine, 25 mi. E, 27.VI.80, T.W. Schoener & C.A. Toft (3 UCDC). Kern Co., Lebec, 2 km SW, 12.IX.92, S.L. Heydon (1 UCDC). Kings Co., Corcoran, 1.V.13, 22, 24, 26.VII.13, 2.VIII.13, T.D. Urbahns, Webster No. 6712 (12 USNM); Hanford, Webster No. 3687—Rankin (2 USNM); C. Piper (1 USNM). Lassen Co., Eagle Lake (NE shore), Hwy 139, ca. 3 mi. S, Jct. A1, 24.VII.92, J. Pinto, Salix, nettle, etc. (5 CNC, Photo 2011-2, 3). Hallelujah Jct.— 16.VII.70 (8 UCDC, 3 FSCA), 1.VII.70 (1 UCDC), E.E. Grissell; 13.VII.72, S.K. Ault (2 UCDC); 28.VI.72, R.A. Belmont (1 UCDC). Los Angeles Co., Castaic, 1 mi. N, 28.VI.65, em. 10.VIII.65, C.D. Johnson, ex reared seeds Astragalus antiselli (6 TAMU). Glendale, Webster No. 6044— 7.IX.12 (2 USNM); 7, 13, 16, 23, 28.III.14, reared from Bruchophagus funebris, T.D. Urbahns (5 USNM). Los Angeles, 10, 11, 19.VI.13, 19.VII.13, T.D. Urbahns, Webster No. 6723 (6 USNM). Maricopa Co., Phoenix, VII.11, A.W. Morrill, Webster No. 9231, reared from alfalfa seed (5 USNM). Mendocino Co., Philo, 8 km W, 39º03'N 123º29'W, 4.VII. 97, 92m, R.B. & L.S. Kimsey (1 UCDC). Monterey Co., Salinas, 21.VII.50, E.C. Carlson (1 UCDC). Nevada Co., Sagehen Creek [Field] Station— 12.VII.72, C. Goodpasture (1 UCDC); 6 km NW Hobart Mills, 29.VII.2002, S.L. Heydon (2 UCDC). Orange Co., Huntington Beach, 12, 20.VII.83 (2 UCRC), 25, 26.V.85 (4 UCRC), 9, 23.VI.85 (7 UCRC), H. Andersen. Irvine—San Joaquin, Fresh Water Marsh Reserve, 11.VI.86, J. LaSalle (4 UCRC); University of California, 14.VII.65, G.A. Marsh (1 EMEC). Santa Ana Mtns, San Juan Creek @ San Juan Fire Sta., 10.IX.97, Gates, Buffington & Carey (1 UCRC). Placer Co., Yuba Gap, pond east of, 6km W Cisco Grove, 1750m, 39º19'N 120º36'W, 28.VIII.2003, S.L. Heydon (1 UCDC). Riverside Co., Blythe, 18 mi. W, 11.X.71, C. Goodpasture (1 UCDC). Cabazon, 5 mi. E, 27.IX.78, G. Gordh (1 UCRC). Indio, 25.IX.58, E.J. Dietrick, ex Bruchophagus gibbus (1 UCRC). Lake Elsinore, 31.III, 1.IV.89, H.J. Andersen (1 UCRC). Mecca, alfalfa, Webster No. 3678 (1 USNM). Menifee Valley (hills on W end), 33º39'N 117º13'W, 1800', 19.VII-1.VIII.95, J. Pinto (1 UCRC). Pinyon Flat, 1.VII.65, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus douglasii (1 TAMU). P.L. Boyd Desert Research Center, 3.5 mi. S Palm Desert, 1-4.VI.70, S. Frommer & R. Worley (2 UCRC). Santa Rosa Mtn., 27.V.85, 7000', G. Gordh, ex Quercus (1 UCRC). Sacramento Co., Need, reared from alfalfa seed, Sacramento No. 26114— 20.VIII.26, C.C. Wilson (2 USNM); 30.VIII.26, W.B. Cartwright (5 USNM). Port of Sacramento, 7.VII.77, R. O. Schuster (1 UCDC). Sacramento, 11, 16, 23.VIII.26, M. Marshall, reared from alfalfa seed, Sacramento No. 26117 (13 USNM). San Bernardino Co., 8.V.85, J.D. Pinto (1 CNC). Arrowhead Lake Rd., 3 mi. N Hwy 73, 18.VIII.83, H. Andersen (1 CNC). Bear Valley, 13.IV.79, J. LaSalle, ex Eriogonum fasciculatum (1 UCRC). Big Bear City Rd., 1mi. N, J.N09, 16.VI.88, R.K. Velten (1 CNC). Burns Piñon Ridge Reserve, 1260m, 34º08'57"N 116º27'11"W, 21-23.V.2005, K. Will et al. (1 EMEC). Chino, 4.XI.12, T.D. Urbahns, Webster No. 6041 (4 USNM). Hodge, 1 mi. N, 13.VI.79, J.C. Hall (3 UCRC). San Bernardino National Forest—Fish Creek Trail, 30.VII.81, G. Gordh (1 UCRC); Hitchcock Ranch S of USFS Rt. 3N 16, 2120m, T3N, R1E, S31, 16.VIII.95, H.E. Andersen (1 UCRC). Lucerne Valley, 16.5 mi. N, 2.VI.85, J.D. Pinto (6 CNC). San Diego Co., Anza-Borrego State Park, Culp Valley Trail at pass, 1000m, 23.V.98, J.M. Heraty (3 UCRC). San Joaquin Co., Thornton, 7.VI.51, E.C. Carlson (3 UCDC). San Luis Obispo Co., Simmier, 8 mi. ESE, (San Diego Creek), T30S R28E Sect.8, 22- 30.VI.87, W.E. Wahl (3 CNC). Santa Barbara Co., Santa Ynez Mts., 24.VI.59, P.M. Martin (1 UCDC). Solvang, 2 mi. E, 28.VI.65, J.S. Buckett (1 UCDC). Santa Barbara, 45 km NW, Sedgewick Ranch Reserve, 308m, 21.V.97, E. Schlinger (1 UCDC). Sierra Co., Yuba Pass, 2060m, 21 km S Portola, 8.VIII.98, S.L. Heydon (1 UCDC). Siskiyou Co., Mt. Shasta, Springhill North, 25, 31.VII.85, L.A. Andres, ex Carduus nutans stems infested with Rhinocyllus conicus (8USNM). Solano Co., Cold [Canyon] Reserve, 11 km W Winters, S.L. Heydon— 13.VII.91, on Daucus pusillus (8 UCDC); 17.VII.91, Daucus (5 UCDC). Suisun Marsh, 6 km S Suisun City, 14.VI.93, S.L. Heydon & L. Guo (4 UCDC). Vallejo, 30.VI.93, R.L. Zuparko (1 EMEC). Stanislaus Co., Crows Landing, 13.VI.11, bred from rattleweed (1 USNM). Pattersen, 17 mi. W, Del Puerto Canyon, 19.VII.75, R.B. Kimsey (1 UCDC). Toulumne Co., Stanislaus Natl For., 0.25 mi. W of Dardanelle, Hwy 108, meadow at For. Service office, 38º20'43"N 119º50'18", 5715', 9.VII.2006, W.S. Fullerton, E. Zoll, S. Kelly & P. Russell (2 UCFC). Trinity Co., Hayfork Ranger Station, 22.V.73, J. Chemsak (1 EMEC). Tulare Co., 11, 19, 22, 23, 24, 31.VII.13, 24.IX.13, T.D. Urbahns, Webster No. 6045 (21 USNM). Ventura Co., Wheeler Springs, 3 mi. S, 1000', 28.VI.65, C.D. Johnson, reared from seeds Astragalus antiselli (14 TAMU). Yolo Co., Davis— 13.VII.74, R. Harris (2 UCDC); 24.VIII.56, 2.IX.56 (2 UCDC), A.T. McClay. COLORADO: Boulder Co., Boulder, 5500', 11.VI.61, W.R.M. Mason (1 CNC). Clear Creek Co., Mt. Evans—14,000', 27.VII.61, S.M. Clark (1 CNC); Doolittle Ranch, 9800', 17.VII.61, S.M. Clark (1 CNC). La Plata Co., Durango, 7 mi. W, ca. 7000', 15.VII.77, em. 18.VII.77, C.D. Johnson, reared seeds Astragalus bisulcatus var. haydenianus (1 TAMU). FLORIDA: Polk Co., Barton [Bartow], 22.IV.81, G. Gordh (1 UCRC). GEORGIA: Spalding Co., 5.IX.38, T.L. Bissell (1 USNM). [sic = Pike Co.], nr Griffin, Bledsoe Research Farm, 33º10.635'N 84º24.354'W, 13.V.94 - 4.VI.96, G.D. Buntin, reared from B. napus seedpods (926 CNC, Photo 2011-4, 109). IDAHO: Canyon Co., Melba, 2 mi. N, 18.VI.57, H.W. Homan, carrot flower (1 WFBM). Elmore Co., Glenns Ferry, Rank rosea, 5.IX.27, W. Carter, 4395 SAR (2 USNM). Gooding Co., Tuttle, Iva axillaris —1, 12.VII.30 (2 WFBM), 22.VII, 16.VIII.30 (3 USNM). Jerome Co., Blue Lakes, Snake River Canyon, 3000', 13.VII.17, A.C. Burrill, B. funebris (1 USNM). Hazelton, 20.VI.30, N. altissima (1 USNM). Latah Co., Moscow, 13.VII.79, A. Ahmad, cabbage seedpod weevil (1 WFBM). Lincoln Co., Kimama, 22.VI.31, #5a, D.E. Fox, N. altissima (2USNM). Minidoka Co., Adelaide, 7.VII.27, W. Carter, S. altissimum, 4395 SAR (1 USNM). Nez Perce Co., Gifford, 11.VI.49, 2900', host C. assimilis, A.J. Walz (1 WFBM). Twin Falls Co., Hollister—No. 7, 16.V.31, D.E. Fox, Sophia sophia (1 USNM); No. 6, 16.V.31, D.E. Fox, Sophia sophia (1 USNM); Castleford St #7, 5.IX.30, S. pestifer (1 USNM); No. 7, inside Green N. alt., 13.VI.31 (1 USNM); C[astleford?] Stn., 5.VI.29, sparse S. sophia (1 WFBM); Plot 2, inside, 13.VI.31, D.E. Fox (1 USNM); Plot 5, 16.VII.29 (1 WFBM); Roseworth, 25.VI.32, D.E. Fox, S. pestifer (1 USNM). Valley Co., New Meadows, 8.VIII.65, L.S. Hawkins, reared from Linaria vulgaris (1 USNM). ILLINOIS: Champaign Co., Univ. Illinois, South Farm, 8.IX.83, S.L. Heydon (1 INHS). Henderson Co., Oquawka, 30.VII.36, Sand Prairie, Mohr & Burks (1 INHS). Moultrie Co., 1.XI.32, Bigger, with Desmoris fulvus (1 USNM). KANSAS: Harvey Co., Sedgwick, E.G. Kelly, Bruchophagus (4 USNM). Sedgwick Co., Wichita, 18.VI.96, H.E. Andersen (1 UCRC). Sumner Co., Wellington, Webster No. 4488, H.T. Osborn (6 USNM), E.G. Kelly (2 USNM). MISSOURI: Scott Co., Benton, 19, 29.IX.28, Satterthwait, sunflower (4 USNM). NEVADA: Eureka Co., Eureka, 7.VII.71, E.E. Grissell, Juniperus (1 UCDC). White Pine Co., 45 km SSE Eureka, 39º24'N 115º30'W, 19.VII.95, S.L. Heydon & R.M. Bohart (1 UCDC). NEW MEXICO: Bernalillo Co., Sandia, Indian Res., 12.XII.83, G. Gordh (1 UCRC). De Baca Co., Ft. Sumner, 3 mi. S Jct. 84 & 284 on 284, near irrigation ditch, 4.VII.77, S. & S. Frommer (1 UCRC). Catron Co., Alma, 3.VIII.29, V.E. Romney, Salsola pestifer (1 USNM). Doña Ana Co., Mesilla, 4.V.09, C.N. Ainslie (1 USNM); Mesilla Park, C.N. Ainslie, Webster No. 5071, bred alfalfa (16 USNM). Harding Co., Yates, 6.3 mi. N, 15.VII.29, V.E. Romney, Salsola pestifer (1 USNM). Hidalgo Co., Animas, 9.3 mi. W, 4400', 26-30.VII.82, G. Gibson (1 CNC). Lordsburg, 5 mi. NE, 20.VIII.71, E.E. Grissell & R.F. Denno, Helianthus (1 UCDC). US Hwy 80, from State Line Rd to NM Hwy 9, 19.VIII.97 (3 UCRC).

Otero Co., James Canyon Campground, 152 mi. E Cloudcroft, Hwy 82, 6800', 24.VII.82, G. Gibson (1 CNC). White Sands National Monument, 20.VI.69, R.M Bohart (4 UCDC). Roosevelt Co., Blackwater Draw nr. Portales, 4000', desert, 24-30.V.91 (1 CNC), 1-7.VI.91 (1 CNC), O'Hara & Jorgensen. NORTH DAKOTA: Cass Co. , Fargo, North Dakota State Univ. 7.XII.76, R. Carlson, host Micronyx fulvus (7 USNM). Prosper, 1.IX.88, Sunflower Plot, L. Charlet & T. Gross, taken from seeds of wild Helianthus nursery before harvest, Smicronyx fulvus (3 USNM). OHIO: Erie Co., Venice, 19.VI.19, G.A. Runner, on grape, Quaintance No. 3666 (1 USNM). OKLAHOMA: Payne Co., Stillwater, 28.VIII.51, F.A. Fenton (1 USNM). OREGON: Harney Co., Catlow Valley, 25 mi. NW Fields (rd. 205), 9.VII.99, J.D. Pinto (1 UCRC). Linn Co., Scio, 14.V.57, K. Goeden, seed house (1 USNM). SOUTH DAKOTA: Butte Co., Newell, 19.VIII.13, reared from alfalfa seed, C.N. Ainslie (1 USNM). TEXAS: Bandera Co., Lost Maples St. Park, 18.VI.88, J.B. Woolley (1 TAMU). Bee Co., Mineral, 9.VI.08, W112.I.2, 16.VI.08, C.R. Jones, bred Helenium head (1 USNM). Brazos Co., 29.VI.70, V.V. Bord, Endalus celatus (1 USNM). Brewster Co., Alpine, 32 mi. S, 7.VI.72, W.E. Clark, ex pods of Astragalus mollissimus (1 TAMU). Big Bend Nat'l Park—Maple Canyon, 5100', 9.VI.82, G. Gibson (2 CNC); basin, 23.V.83, R.S. Anderson (1 CNC); 3900', 5.3 mi. W Panther Jct., 10-14.VII.82, G. Gibson (2 CNC); Government Spr., 3.VII.86, 3000', J. Heraty (1 UCRC). Chisos Mtns— 24.VI.08, Hunter No. 1649, par. Bruchus (1 USNM); 12.X.08, Mitchell & Cushman (2 USNM). Government Springs, 3 mi. W Panther Jct., 31.VIII.71, E.E. Grissell (4 FSCA). Green Gulch, 14.V.59, W.R.M. Mason (1 CNC). Burnet Co., Inks Lake St. Pk, J. Heraty— 28-29.VI.86 (1 UCRC); North Trail, 2.V.87 (1 UCRC, 1 TAMU). Cooke Co., Gainesville, 24.VIII.63 (1 TAMU). Culberson Co. , Guadaloupe Nat'l Park, McKittrick Canyon, 21.VII.82, G. Gibson (1 CNC). Pine Springs, 3.6 mi. S, Old Guadaloupe Pass, 5200', 20-22.VII.82, G. Gibson (8 CNC). Van Horn, 14.5 mi. N, Hwy 54, 19.VII.82, G. Gibson (1 CNC). Dallas Co., Dallas, C.R. Jones (1 USNM). Dickens Co., Spur, 7.VI.29, R.K. Fletcher (1 USNM). Hartley Co., Romero, 22.VI.40, R.H. Beamer (1 UCRC). Hidalgo Co., Bentsen- Rio Grande S.P. 16.III.84, R. Wharton (1 TAMU). Westlaco, X.88 (1 UCDC). Jeff Davis Co. , Ft. Davis— 1.VI.59, W.R.M. Mason (2 CNC); Point of Rocks, 29.V.59, W.R. Mason (1 CNC); 5 mi. S, Chiricahua Desert Inst. Preserve, 4750', 19.VII.82, G. Gibson (7 CNC). Kent, 38 km S, 15.VIII.96, L.A. Baptiste (4 UCDC). Jim Wells Co., Ben Bolt, 8 mi. W, La Copita Res. Sta. 20.V.87, J.B. Woolley (4 TAMU). Kerr Co., Kerrville, 4.V.60, L.J. Bottimer (1 CNC). Knox Co., 30.V.72, C.E. Rogers, ex Sibinia sulcatulus (1 TAMU). 22.VI.73, Rogers, Microlarinus lareynii (1 USNM). Lubbock Co., Lubbock, III.70, D.R. Rummel, on weed (1 USNM). Presidio Co., Big Bend Ranch, St. Nat. Area—Aqua Adentro Spring, 15.8 mi. NE Rt. 170, 29 º29'N 104º6'W, 2.IX.93, E.E. Grissell & R.F. Denno, on Bacharris sp. (9 USNM); Marfa, 5.VI.08, par. Bruchus, Hunter No. 1662 (8 USNM); 1.7 mi. NE McGuirks Tank, 29º29'N 103º48'W, 4.IX.93, E.E. Grissell & R.F. Denno, on Rhus virens (2 USNM); Ojito Adentro, 29º29'N 104º3'W, 3.IX.93, E.E. Grissell & R.F. Denno, on Phaseolus atropurpureus (2 USNM); Duck Pond, 5 mi. W Sauceda Ranch, 29º29'N 104º1'W, 4-5.IX.93, E.E. Grissell & R.F. Denno, on Solanum sp. (1 USNM); 0.5 mi. NE Sauceda Ranch, 29º28'N 103º56'W, 4.IX.93, E.E. Grissell & R.F. Denno (1 USNM). Presidio, 15.VI.50, in Acacia vernicosa pods with bruchids—2815, J.H. Russell, (1 USNM); 2814 (20 USNM). Travis Co., Austin— 20.VII.13, C. Hartmann, ex alfalfa seed, (3 USNM); 11 mi. S, Heep Farm, 2.VIII.72, E.E. Grissell, ex Parthenium hysterophorus (3 TAMU); Zilker Pk, Barton Ck., 13.X.79, T. Friedlander (1 TAMU). Val Ver de Co., Seminole Cyn. St. Park—1400', 15.IV.89, J.M. Heraty (5 UCRC); 40 mi. W of Del Rio, 19.VII.86, Heraty (1 UCRC); Devils River [State Natural Area], 5.IV.07, Hunter No. 1408, bred Mimosa borealis pod (2 USNM). Victoria Co., Victoria, 26.XII.88, J.D. Mitchell, bred Solanum rostrat. (1 CNC, Photo 2011-5). Wichita Co., 1-7.X.73, C.E. Rogers, ex Microlarinus sp. (1 TAMU). Zavala Co., Nueces R., 11.VIII.60, H.R. Burke (1 TAMU). UTAH: Emery Co. , Buckskin Spring, 3 mi. N Goblin Valley, 30.VIII.81 (1 USNM). Goblin Valley State Reserve, 6 mi. E, 29.VIII.81, E.E. Grissell (3 USNM). Little Gilson Butte, 3m, 1570 km, 3-7.VIII.97, M&J Wasbauer (1 UCDC). Salt Lake Co., Salt Lake— 30.VIII.11, 11.IX.11 (2 CNC); Webster No. 6612—12, 28, 30.VIII.11, 2, 5, 11, 12.IX.11, (75 USNM), H.S. Smith. Salt Lake Lab, 6.IV.15, L.P. Rockwood, ex Bruchophagus funebris (1 CNC). Salt Lake Station, 15.IX.15, T.R. Chamberlain, Webster No. 6612, reared from B. funebris (3 USNM). Washington Co., St. George, 15.VI.30, E.W. Davis, Heliotropium xerophilum (1 USNM). WASHINGTON: Asotin Co., Field Springs St. Pk., south of Anatone, 28.VII.85, Finnamore & Thormin (1 CNC). WYOMING: Natrona Co., Casper, 30.VII.63, G. Gordh (4 UCRC). Platte Co., Wheatland, 11 mi. N, 4820', 16.VI.82, G. Gibson (2 CNC). Sweetwater Co., Point of Rocks, 11.6 mi. E, 3.VIII.83 (1 UCRC), 30.VII.83 (2 UCRC), J.D. Pinto.

NEOTROPICAL. MEXICO. Baja California Norte: Bahia de Los Angeles, 1 mi. from coast, 15.V-15.VI.95, T. Jackson (1 CNC). Baja California Sur: Las Barracas, 1.VI.85, P. DeBach (1 UCRC). Coahuila: Saltillo, 12.4 mi. S, 4.VII.85, J. Woolley & G. Zolnerowich (1 TAMU). Torreon, (Laredo POE [point of entry]), 28.VII.58, Acacia seeds (1 USNM). Guanajuato: Guanajuato, 3.6 mi. NE, 5.VII.85, J. Woolley & G. Zolnerowich (1 TAMU). Nuevo Léon: Bustamante, Santo Thomas, 18.V.84, Gordh, Sierra & Rodrigues (1 UCRC). Galeana, Cerro Potosi, 2347 m, 4.VI.83, M. Kaulbars (1 CNC). Monterrey, 9 mi. S, 11.VIII.72, E.E. Grissell (1 TAMU). Municipio El Carmen—Hda. Bernabe Villarreal, 10.VII.83, A. Gonzalez H. (2 UCRC); El Carmen, 10.VII.83, A. Gonzalez H. (2 UCRC). Municipio Escobedo, Hda. El Canada, 12.VII.83, G. Gordh (3 UCRC). Municipio Santiago, El Cercado, Hda. Las 3 Blanquitas, 9.VII.83, A. Gonzalez H. (1 UCRC). Salinas Victoria, 20 km N, Carr. 40, 13.VII.83, A. Gonzalez H. (2 UCRC). Villadamas [Villaldama?], 18.V.84, J.D. Pinto (1 UCRC). Villa de Santiago, San Juan Bautista, 17.V.84, Sierra & Rodrigues (2 UCRC). Sonora: Valle del Yaqui, 21.VI.60, alfalfa seeds (1 USNM). Oaxaca: La Cumbre, 1.4 mi. NE, 18.VII.85, J. Woolley & G. Zolnerowich (1 TAMU). Veracruz: Cardel, 3 mi. N, by Rio Actopan, 31.X.82, J.T. Huber & A. Gonzalez (12 UCRC).

Distribution. Map 6.

MAP 6. Distribution of Trimeromicrus maculatus Gahan.

Hosts. A primary parasitoid of Curculionidae (Coleoptera) and seed-infesting species of Bruchophagus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), and a hyperparsitoid of the alfalfa gall midge, Asphondylia websteri Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (Gibson et al. 2006). Based on material examined, new host records include— Chrysomelidae: Bruchus sp. Curculionidae: Endalus celatus Burke; Microlarinus lareynii (Jacquilin du Val); Sibinia setosa (LeConte) [= S. sulcatulus].

New plant associates (most apparently reared from seeds) include— Asteraceae: Helenium sp.; Helianthus sp.; Iva axilaris Pursh; Parthenium hysterophorus L. Brassicaceae: Brassica juncea (L.); Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.); Descurainia [= Sophia] sophia (L.); Erysimum cheiranthoides L.; Lesquerella douglasii S. Watson. Fabaceae: Acacia constricta Bentham, A. greggii A. Gray, A. neovernicosa Isely [= A. vernicosa]; Astragalus antiselli A. Gray, A. bisulcatus var. haydenianus (A. Gray), A.calycosus Torrey, A. douglasii (Torrey & A. Gray), A.lentiginosus Bentham, A. mollissimus Torrey, A. thurberi A. Gray, A. wootonii E. Sheldon; Lotus mearnsii (Britton); Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera Ortega, M. borealis A. Gray, M. dysocarpa Bentham; Parkinsonia [= Cercidium] microphylla Torre]; Prosopis velutina Wooton. Marsileaceae: Marsilea mollis B.L. Robinson. Scrophulariaceae: Linaria vulgaris Miller. Solanaceae: Solanum rostranum Dunal.

Discussion. When Heydon and Bouček (1992) synonymized Trimeromicrus under Zatropis they noted that T. maculatus was unique among Zatropis species in having metallic blue-green patches on an otherwise dark mesonotum (Fig. 206). However, the spots are sometimes quite obscure, particularly in males, which are sometimes more uniformly green to bluish (Fig. 207), or in very small females. Furthermore, although the colour pattern is quite distinctive, it is not unique among Pteromalinae. I saw single females from Florida (CNC) and Oregon (UCDC) that represent two species with a mesonotal colour pattern (Fig. 205) similar to T. maculatus. I tentatively identify both species as Mesopolobus, though the female from Oregon has only two anelli and six funiculars. I have also seen some Neocatolaccus (Fig. 204) and Pteromalus with a similar colour pattern to T. maculatus, though typically the spots are not as distinct or as well defined.

An apparently unique feature of T. maculatus is a tiny, finely sculptured or shiny bump or at least spot on the ocular margin at about midheight of the eye (Figs 210, 211: arrow). Though this requires close observation and is not always evident in smaller specimens, it is an important secondary feature to assist recognition of individuals in which the normally distinctive colour pattern is not conspicuous and/or that have concealed mandibles. Furthermore, except often for the pedicel, the antenna, including the scape, is more or less uniformly orange to yellowish or, if the flagellum is darker orangey-brown, then at least the scape is light in colour, more yellowish (Fig. 210). This contrasts with Lyrcus species, which more commonly have the flagellum brown to whitish or at least the scape partly dark.

Heydon and Bouček (1992) did not state explicitly why they synonymized Trimeromicrus under Zatropis, but undoubtedly this was partly because of the conspicuously long and completely exposed admarginal setae (Fig. 209) similar to most Lyrcus species. However, as discussed previously, the distinctive setal pattern shared by Trimeromicrus and most Lyrcus is also shared with most Eurydinoteloides. The mandibular dentition of T. maculatus (Fig. 214), its propodeal sculpture pattern (Fig. 215), and possibly similar mesonotal colour patterns of some Mesopolobus (Fig. 205), may indicate T. maculatus is more closely related to species classified in Mesopolobus than to Lyrcus. Species of various genera are characterized by a single row of exposed admarginal setae and it is possible that the conspicuously long admarginal setae of T. maculatus is simply convergent to that of Oaxa and most Lyrcus and Eurydinoteloides.

Although monotypic genera serve little function within classifications for communicating relationships through nomenclature, they do serve to indicate taxa for which correct phylogenetic relationships are uncertain. For this reason, I resurrect Trimeromicrus from under synonymy with Lyrcus.