Chondraster Verrill 1895
Creators
Description
Chondraster Verrill, 1895
Porania (Chondraster) Verrill 1895: 137 [Non Porania (Chondraster): Madsen 1959)]
Chondraster Verrill 1914b: 21; H.L. Clark, 1923: 275; Spencer & Wright 1966: U69; A.M. Clark & Courtman-Stock 1976: 73; A.M. Clark 1984: 27; Clark & Downey 1992: 202.
Species included. C. elattosis H.L. Clark 1923; C. grandis (Verrill 1878).
Type species. Chondraster grandis (Verrill 1878).
Diagnosis. Body weakly stellate to pentagonal. Body wall thickened, surface smooth and firm. Abactinal plates strongly reduced, embedded within tissue of abactinal body wall. Surface without prominent accessories, but tiny spinelets, sclerites observed on dry specimens. Papulae prominent, present along two longtiduinal areas on each ray. Marginal plates concealed deep within the thickened body wall. Superomarginals bar-like oriented with adradial ends of the inferomarginals. Actinal surface smooth, spineless. Fasciolar grooves present, oriented between inferomarginals and adambulacrals. Adambulacral plates with two or more slightly inset furrow spines, backed but set apart by two or more subambulacrals spines contained within a fleshy sheath. (based on Clark 1984; Clark & Downey 1992)
Taxonomic comments. Clark and Downey (1992: 202) state that the only distinguishing character between C. elattosis and C. grandis is the presence of “up to four” furrow spines in the former rather than only two in the latter species. Two specimens of the west Atlantic C. grandis (USNM E50285, E50540), from Baltimore Canyon, both show two to three furrow spines, indicating morphological overlap with C. elattosis. Although few characters are observed in Chondraster overall, the lack of morphological differences does suggest that C. elattosis Clark 1923 may be part of a widely occurring species similar to the widespread distribution of Hippasteria (Foltz et al 2013), which also occurs in the North and South Atlantic. Chondraster grandis and C. elattosis also occur at comparable depths. We retain C. grandis and C. elattosis as separate species herein due to the lack of specimen data for the South Atlantic C. elattosis but effectively no characters clearly differentiate the two species.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Is part of
- Journal article: 10.11646/zootaxa.3795.3.7 (DOI)
- Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/252134 (URL)
- Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFA63D4495568723FF9CFFD9FFA3FF87 (URL)
- Journal article: http://zoobank.org/77AB3EAA-DA13-4C8D-885D-EB9F5F14DE34 (URL)
- Is source of
- https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/039F453C95508725FF0BFC9DFB3CF92C (URL)
Biodiversity
- Family
- Poraniidae
- Genus
- Chondraster
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Valvatida
- Phylum
- Echinodermata
- Scientific name authorship
- Verrill
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Chondraster Verrill, 1895 sec. Mah & Foltz, 2014
References
- Verrill, A. E. (1895) Distribution of the echinoderms of north - eastern America. American Journal of Science, 49, 127 - 141.
- Madsen, F. J. (1959) A new North - Atlantic sea - star Chondraster hermanni n. sp. with some remarks on related forms. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 121, 161 - 170.
- Verrill, A. E. (1914 b) Revision of some genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of a few new genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 14 (79), 13 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693536
- Clark, H. L. (1923) The Echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435.
- Spencer, W. K. & Wright, C. W. (1966) Asterozoans, Part U, Echinodermata. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 3 (1), U 4 - U 107.
- Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publ. 766 BMNH, London, 277 pp.
- Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51.
- Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp.
- Verrill, A. E. (1878) Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. 1 & 2. American Journal of Science, 16, 207 - 215, 371 - 378. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 16.93.207
- Foltz, D., Fatland, S., Eleaume, M., Markello, K., Howell, K., Neil, K. & Mah, C. (2013) Global population divergence of the sea star Hippasteria phrygiana corresponds to onset of the last glacial period of the Pleistocene. Marine Biology, 160 (5), 1285 - 1296. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 013 - 2180 - 1