Published February 23, 2022 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Importancia de la interacción del endotelio y la vitamina D en la cavidad oral para la progresión de la "enfermedad crítica" por COVID-19

Creators

  • 1. Departamento de Atención a la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco. Ciudad de México, México.

Description

RESUMEN

La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), que comenzó en Wuhan, China, en diciembre de 2019, ha provocado una pandemia que representa una amenaza mundial para la salud pública. El  virus SARS-CoV-2 es una cepa de coronavirus altamente transmisible que se propaga principalmente a través de gotitas respiratorias. De acuerdo con las investigaciones científicas basadas en datos clínicos se ha propuesto que este patógeno desencadena una “tormenta de citocinas”, la cual conduce a manifestaciones clínicas deletéreas que afectan al endotelio vascular causando la denominada “enfermedad crítica” por COVID-19. En esta etapa de la enfermedad, los pacientes infectados presentan un estado agudo de alteraciones hemodinámicas que se asocian a una elevada mortalidad. Por lo tanto, es una necesidad urgente encontrar un tratamiento para evitar la progresión de la enfermedad. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo enfatizar la importancia que tiene la vitamina D en la regulación de los procesos inmunológicos que se desencadenan en la cavidad oral como la principal vía de entrada para la infección del virus SARS-CoV-2, así como su participación para disminuir el daño endotelial y la progresión a un estado de trombosis que interfiere con la vida del paciente.

 

 

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) -which began in Wuhan, China, on December 2019-, has caused a pandemic that poses a global threat to public health. SARS-CoV-2 virus is a highly transmissible strain of coronavirus that spreads primarily through respiratory droplets. According to scientific research based on clinical data, it has been proposed that this pathogen triggers a “cytokine storm”, which leads to deleterious clinical manifestations that affect the vascular endothelium causing the so-called “critical illness” by COVID-19. In this stage of the disease, infected patients present an acute state of hemodynamic alterations that are associated with high mortality. Therefore, it is an urgent need to find a treatment to prevent progression of this disease. This review aims to emphasize the importance of vitamin D in regulation of immunological processes that are triggered in oral cavity as the main route of entry for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, as well as its participation in reducing endothelial damage and the progression to a state of thrombosis that interferes with the life of the patient.

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