Hybos grossipes Linne

Hybos grossipes (Linné)

(Figs 33–37, 53, 54)

Musca grossipes Linné, 1767: 988.

Asilus culiciformis (Gmelin), 1790: 2900 (nec A. culiciformis Fabricius, 1775). Empis clavipes (Fabricius), 1794: 403 (nec E. clavipes Harris, 1780 (= Hilara). Hybos funebris Meigen, 1804: 240.

Hybos pilipes Meigen, 1820: 349.

Hybos claripennis Strobl, 1893: 43.

Material examined: AUSTRIA: 1 ♀, Sud-Steierm., Strobl (ZIN). BELGIUM: 1 ♀, Botrange, 2.ix.1921; 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Buzenol, 1.vii.1980, PG; 2 ♂, 9 ♀, Chiny, 8.vii., 15.viii.1945, MB; 1 ♂, De Blankaart, 3.viii.1984, MP; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Fraineux, 3.vii.1938; 2 ♀, Francorchamps, 5.viii.1921; 1 ♀, Herbeumont, 26.vi.1952, MB; 1 ♀, Hockai, 4.viii.1979; 1 ♂, 6 ♀, same locality, 11.viii.1916; 2 ♂, 5 ♀, Hoogstraten, 2.vi.1918, GS; 1 ♀, Kranepoel, 24.vii.1958, MB; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Losheimergraben, 11.viii.1921; 1 ♂, Malmédy, 20.vii.1935, AC; 2 ♀, Mirwart, 6.vii.1973; 2 ♂, 22 ♀, same locality, 6, 13.vii.1943, 14.vi.1946, R. Tollet; 1 ♀, Nassogne, vi.1899, GS; 3 ♂, Nonceveux, 6, 8.vii.1947, MG; 1 ♀, Oudergem, 24.vii.1942, R. Tollet; 7 ♂, 9 ♀, Poix St-Hubert, 30.vi.1943, R. Tollet; 1 ♀, Poix St-Hubert, 18.vii.1937, AC; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, St-Hubert, 5.viii.1925, 26.viii.1929, MG; 2 ♂, Torgny, 2.vii.1980, PG; 1 ♀, Vallée du Rabais, 30.vi.1980, PG; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Vecquée, 16.viii.1947, AC; 1 ♀, Waarschoot, 20.vii.1942; 1 ♂, Wijnendale, 13.vi.1986, MP; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Willerzie, 18.vi.1958 (RBINS). BYELORUSSIA: 1 ♀, Zamostoch’e, 11.vi.1905, Birulya (ZIN); 1 ♂, Ambrosovichi (Lavy), 16.vi.1926, Birulya (ZIN). CHINA: 2 ♂, 11 ♀, Meimenggu, Aershan, Wuligan, 1035 m, 26.vii.2014, Ning Wang & Ding Yang (CAU). ESTONIA: 2 ♀, Koeru, 23–25.vii.1948, Stackelberg (ZIN); 1 ♂, Peedu, south Estonia, 18.vii.1951; 1 ♂, 6.vii.1951, Stackelberg (ZIN); 6 ♂, 5 ♀, East Estonia, Taevaskoya [58°6'5''N 27°2'42''E], river bank, 26–27.vi.1966, V. Kovalev (ZMMU). FINLAND: Hausjärvi: 1 ♀, Oitti, 10.viii.1937, coll. W. Brandt; R.I.Sc.N.B. 24.236, Coll. MB (RBINS); Lapland: 8 ♂, 11 ♀, Lapponia kemensis pars orientalis, Sodankylä, Jäteveden puhdistamo, 7475780:8482895, 16 –23.vii.2012, 30.vii.–6.viii.2012, J. Flinck & J. Aaltio (JF, RW). Uusimaa: 1♂, Loviisa, Harmaakallion multavarasto, 6701344:8456522, 30.vii.–1.viii.2011, J. Flinck (JF). FRANCE: Franche-Comté: 1 ♀, Montessaux, Haute Saônne, 4.vii.1904, coll. Hesse (MNHN). Île-de-France: 2 ♀, Hautil, Val d’Oise, 28.vii, coll. JV (RBINS); Limousin: 1 ♀, FR, Corrèze, Champagne la Noaille, 13.vii.2012, RW (RW). HUNGARY: 1 ♂, Budapest, Péterhalmierdö, 28.iv.1997, RW (RW). ITALY: Veneto: 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Belluno, Cortina, 23–24.viii.1967, B.H. & M.C. Cogan, B.M. (BMNH). KAZAKHSTAN: Akmola: 1 ♀, Kokchetavskiy distr., 12.vii.1932, V. Popov (ZIN). LATVIA. 1 ♀, env. Riga, Priedaysh [~ 56º56'N 24º06'E], 26.vi.1977, А. Shatalkin (ZMMU). MONGOLIA: Dornod: 1 ♀, Numregin-Gol River, 32 km SE Salkhit, 23.vii.1971, Kerzhner (ZIN). Selenge: 1 ♀, 30 km ENE Dzun-Khara, 6.viii.1975, Narchuk (ZIN). NETHERLANDS: 1 ♂, Utrecht, Zeist, Den Treek-Henschoten, 52°05'09"N 5°19'53"E, 19.viii.2014, RW (RW). RUSSIA. Altay Republic: 1 ♀, Uznezya on Katun’, 2.viii.1909, Gorchakovskiy (ZIN); 2 ♀, mouth of Koldor River, Teletskoe Lake, 5–6.vii.1912, Sushk. (ZIN); 1 ♂, 15 km S Cherga, 20–21.vii.2006, V. Krivokhatskiy (ZIN); 2 ♀, 10 km E Chike-Taman, 27–29.vii.2006, V. Krivokhatskiy (ZIN); 1 ♂, Shebalino distr., Kamalak vill. env., Chistyi Lug terrain, meadow and fine forest, 10.vii.2007, leg. O. Kasterin (ZMMU); 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Shebalinsky distr., valley of Peschanaya River between villages Il'inka and Baragash, 51º57.202'N 86º22.881'E, 29.vii.2008, leg. O.E. Kosterin (ZMMU). Amur: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Klimoutsy, 40 km W Svobodny, oak and larch forest, 11.vii.1958; 1 ♀, 30.vii.1958; 4 ♂, 6 ♀, 3.viii.1958; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 4.viii.1958; 5 ♀, 6.viii.1958; 1 ♂, 6 ♀, 8.viii.1958; 2 ♀, 12.viii.1958; 2 ♀, 14.viii.1958, Zinovev (ZIN); 1 ♀, Klimoutsy, 75 km W Svobodny, 8.vii.1959; 1 ♀, 16.vii.1959, Kerzhner (ZIN). Arkhangel’sk: 3 ♂, env. Kremlin, Solovetskiy Island, White See, mixed forest, 27.vii.1975, Gorodkov (ZIN). Buryatia: 1 ♂, Transbaicalia mr.-occ., Troizkosavsk [= Kyakhta], 11.vii.1928, Th. Lukjanovitsh (ZIN); 3 ♀, Kyren, East Sayany, 700 m, mixed forest, 6.vii.1965; 4 ♀, birchen forest, 10.vii.1965; 4 ♂, 8 ♀, birch and larch forest, 12.vii.1965, Gorodkov (ZIN); 1 ♂, village Khasura, 7 km S Zakamensk, 1.vii.1971, V. Richter (ZIN). Chita: 1 ♀, Bal'dino, 6.viii.1925, Vinogrdov (ZIN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Olovyannaya, 8 km N, flood-lands of Onon River, 9.vii.1971, V. Richter (ZIN). Irkutsk: 1 ♂, Listvenichnoe on Baykal, 1.viii.1911, Maksimovich (ZIN); 1 ♀, Irkutsk, 13.vii.1912, Fedorova (ZIN); 1 ♀, env. Irkutsk, 25.vii.1912, Kine (ZIN); 1 ♀, Kuz’mikha, env. Irkutsk, 8.viii.1912, Kaydalov (ZIN); 1 ♀, Pronino, Vitim River nearly 70 km of Bodaybo, 18.viii.1912, Rozent (ZIN); 1 ♀, Usol’e, vi–vii.1912, Serebryannikov (ZIN); 1 ♂, Umalovka River, near Irkutsk, 1912, Fedorova (ZIN); 1 ♂, valley of Khara-Murin River, 10.vii.1984, Zlobin (ZIN); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, village Oek, 3.viii.1984, Zlobin (ZIN). Kaluga: 1 ♀, env. Borovsk [55º12'00''N 36º29'00''E], 21–22.vi.1969, V. Kovalev (ZMMU). Kamchatka: 1 ♀, Petropavlovsk, 24.vii.1907, N.L. Smirnov (ZIN); 2 ♂, village Kamaki on Kamchatka River, 9.vii.1909, A. Derzhavin (ZIN); 1 ♀, Ust' Kamchatsk, ix.1908, A. Derzhavin (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ust' Kamchatsk, shrubby forest, 10.viii.1932, Bordonos (ZIN); 1 ♀, Ust' Kamchatsk, 20.viii.1932, Bordonos (ZIN); 1 ♀, env. Petropavlovsk, 4.ix.1969, Gorodkov (ZIN); 2 ♀, Zhupanovo, 6.ix.1969, Gorodkov (ZIN); 1 ♂, Atlasovo, 9.vii.1985, Zlobin (ZIN). Karelia: 1 ♀, env. Petrozavodsk, 8.vii.1896, Birulya (ZIN); 2 ♀, Petrozavodsk, 7.viii.1923, Fridolin (ZIN); 1 ♂, Sortavalla [=Sortavala], 30.vi.1936, coll. W. Brandt; R.I.Sc.N.B. 24.236, Coll. MB (RBINS); 1 ♀, Sortavalla [=Sortavala], 1.vii.1936, coll. W. Brandt (RBINS); 4 ♀, Loukhskiy distr., Biological station Belomorskaya of ZIN, Krivoe Lake, 22.viii.2001, A.N. Ovchinnikov (ZIN). Kemerovo: 2 ♀, Kyzas River, N of Maly Abakan, 29.vi.1897, Yu. Wagner (ZIN). Khabarovsk: 1 ♀, Khungari, Voznesenskoe, lower reach of Amur River, 10–13.vii.1910, Soldatov (ZIN); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Bureinskiy Nature Reserve, source of Bureya River, cordon Strelka (51º33'N 134º03'E), Umal’ta-Makita, sweeping on willow and alder, 3.viii.2004, col. I. Lyubechanskiy (SZM); 1 ♂, same locality, flood-plain forest, on light, 28.vii.2004, col. V.V. Dubatolov (SZM). Khakassia: 1 ♀, Itgul’ Lake, 12.vii.1897, Wagner (ZIN). Komi: 2 ♀, Syktyvkar, damp spruce forest, 29.vii.1976, Gorodkov (ZIN). Krasnoyarsk: 1 ♀, Eniseysk, 19.viii.1919 (ZIN); 3 ♀, valley of Laletina River, 300 m, near Stolby Nature Reserve, env. Krasnoyarsk, birch forest, 18.viii.1972, Gorodkov (ZIN). Leningrad: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Terioki [= Zelenogorsk], 1892, 1.viii.1894, Yu. Wagner (ZIN); 2 ♂, Lopukhinka, 17, 26.viii.1894, Bianki (ZIN); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Novy Peterhof, 5, 12.vii, 2.viii.1896, A. Chekini (ZIN); 3 ♂, 2 ♀, Rakovichi, Luga, 31.v., 25, 27.vi.1897, Pleske (ZIN); 1 ♀, same locality, 5.vii.1897, Jacobson (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, village Lebyazh’ya, 15.vi., 18.viii.1897, Bianki (ZIN); 1 ♂, same locality, 16.vi.1897, Pleske (ZIN); 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Shuvalovo, 27.vi., 18, 19, 25.vii.1897, Jacobson (ZIN); 2 ♀, Preobrazhenskaya [= Tolmachevo], 26–27.vi.1898, Chekini (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, village Protasovka, Siverskaya, 23.vi.1898, Kuznetsov (ZIN); 1 ♀, Pavlovsk, 15.vi.1898, Ivashentsov (ZIN); 11 ♀, Ushaki, 3–4.vii.1898, Ivashentsov (ZIN); 1 ♂, St. Petersburg, 26.vii.1907, G. Jacobson (ZIN); 1 ♂, Siverskaya, 12.vi.1910, Chekini (ZIN); 1 ♀, same locality, 26.vii.1908, V. Oshanin (ZIN); 1 ♀, St. Petersburg, 20.vii.1911, G.G. Jacobson (ZIN); 1 ♀, env. St. Petersburg, 5.vii.1915 (ZIN); 1 ♀, Sestroretsk, 22.vii.1915, Ion (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, village Log, Luga, 17.vii.1918, G. Jacobson (ZIN); 1 ♂, Ligovo, 29.vi.1916, G. Jacobson (ZIN); 1 ♂, Peterhof, 15.iii.1923, V. Redikortsev (ZIN); 1 ♀, Shlisselburg, village Mednaya, 20.vii.1923; 1 ♂, same locality, 4.viii.1923, V. Barovskiy (ZIN); 1 ♂, railway station Tokari, 7.viii.1923, Fridolin (ZIN); 1 ♂, Lakhta, 2.vii.1926, Shnitnikov (ZIN); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Tolmachevo, 9.vii.1935, Rohdendorf (ZIN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Terioki [= Zelenogorsk], 28–29.vi.1948, Rubtsov (ZIN); 11 ♂, 40 ♀, Bol’shoy Berezovy Island, Vyborgskiy distr., 20, 22.vii.1978, 23, 26, 28.vii., 18, 20–22, 26, 27.viii, 5–7, 9, 15.ix.1979; 28, 30.vi., 11, 14, 16.vii.1980; 7.viii., 5.ix.1981, Kandybina (ZIN); 1 ♀, env. St. Petersburg (ZIN); 1 ♀, Vyborg, I. Sokolov (ZIN); 1 ♂, env. St. Petersburg, 69, Sol’skiy (ZIN); 1 ♂, Russia: St. Petersburg, Piskarevka forest park, 14.vii.2006, Zlobin (ZIN); 2 ♂, St. Petersburg, Yu. Wagner (ZIN). Moscow: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Porech'e, Mozhayskiy distr., 26.vii.1903, Bianki (ZIN); 2 ♀, 57 km NE of Moscow, Abramtsevo [56º13'24''N 37º58'04''E], 8.vii.1957, Е. Smirnov (ZMMU); 1 ♀, env. Zagorsk [= Sergiev Posad, 56º18'00''N 38º08'00''E], 18–22.viii.1966, V. Kovalev (ZMMU); 1 ♀, 40 km С of Moscow, env. Kryukovo [= Zelenograd, NW part of Moscow city), Chashnikovo, 2–15.vi.1967 (ZMMU); 2 ♀, Pushkino [~ 56º01'00''N 37º51'00''E], 10.viii.1968, V. Kovalev (ZMMU); 1 ♀, 42 km SE of Moscow, env. Ramenskoe [55º34'00''N 38º13'00''E], 16.viii.1968, V. Kovalev (ZMMU); 2 ♀, env. Khat'kovo, Akhtyrka [56°15'23"N 37°55'49"E], border of damp forest near river, 18.vii.1976, V. Kovalev (ZMMU); 1 ♀, Pravda, Tishkovo [56°04'60''N 37°43'60''E], mixed forest, 23–24.vii.1976, V. Kovalev (ZMMU); 1 ♀, Golitsyno [55º36'53''N 36º59'14''E], 3.vii.1977, А. Shatalkin (ZMMU). Murmansk: 1 ♀, Svir’, 7.viii.1923, Kuznetsov (ZIN). Novgorod Velikiy: 1 ♀, Sivtsevo, 5.vii.1917, Stackelberg (ZIN); 1 ♂, village Terekhovo, Volday, 22.vii.1962, Garnovskaya (ZIN); 1 ♀, env. Ust’-Volma [~ 58º27'55''N 32º26'30''E], 6.ix.1976, А. Оrlinskiy (ZMMU). Perm’: 1 ♀, Kamenka, env. Lys'va, old forest [~ 58º06'01''N 57º48'15''E], 15.vii.1963, V. Kovalev (ZMMU); 2 ♂, 3 ♀, same locality, 7.vi., 15.vii.1963, V. Zherikhin (ZMMU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kamai, bank of Sylva River, near water, 26.vii.1997, K.B. Gorodkov (ZIN). Primorskiy: 1 ♀, Bol’shoy Sukhodol, Kangouza, 5.vii.1911, Rydzevskiy and Vr. Kuznetsov (ZIN); 1 ♀, Imperatorskya (= Sovetskaya) harbor, 22.viii.–4.ix.1911, Soldatov (ZIN); 1 ♀, Petrov Island, Japanese Sea, 29.viii.1934, D’yakonov (ZIN); 1 ♀, Kedrovaya Pad’ Nature Reserve, 17.vii.1962, Narchuk (ZIN); 1 ♀, Yakovlevka 10 km SE, southern Primor’e, 26.vii.1962, Narchuk (ZIN); 1 ♀, Khualaza, Pidan ridge, southern Primor’e, 3.vii.1963, Narchuk (ZIN); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Oblachnaya Mt., southern Primor’e, 10.viii.1963, Narchuk (ZIN); 1 ♂, same locality, 11.viii.1963, Narchuk (ZIN); 3 ♂, same locality, birch forest, 12.viii.1963, Narchuk (ZIN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 20 km S Oblachnaya Mt., southern Primor'e, birch forest, 14.viii.1963, Narchuk (ZIN); 1 ♀, Suputinskiy Nature Reserve, 11.ix.1968, Kandybina (ZIN); 1 ♀, Sudzukhinskiy (= Lazovskiy) Nature Reserve, 21–25.ix.1971, Tanasiychuk (ZIN); 1 ♂, Kedrovaya Pad’ Nature Reserve, 3.vii.1972, Kerzhner (ZIN); 1 ♀, Gornotaezhnoe, Ussuriysiy distr., 5.ix.1980, Zlobin (ZIN); 2 ♂, Troitsa Bay, Khasanskiy distr., 27.viii.1984, Zlobin (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Gamov Peninsula, Roshkov Bay, 16–18.viii.1999, Krovokhatskiy, Ovchinnikova (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Chanlapaz, 10 km W Ekaterinovka, 23–24.vii.1999, Krovokhatskiy, Ovchinnikova (ZIN). Pskov: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Pokrovskoe, Troynikovo, 3.vii.1915, N. Kuznetsov (ZIN); 1 ♀, Izborsk, 18.vii.1898, Ispolatov (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kharlamova gora, Gdovskiy distr., 27.vii.1891, 13.viii.1891, Pleske (ZIN); 5 ♂, 14 ♀ same locality, 17, 20, 25.vi., 10–13, 16, 18, 25.vii., 1.viii.1898, Geptner (ZIN); 2 ♀, env. Velikie Luki, 26.vi.1997, leg. Shamshev (ZIN). Sakhalin: 1 ♂, Sakhalin Island, Pravda, 12 km S of Kholmsk, 15.vii.1968, Narchuk (ZIN); 1 ♀, Sakhalin Island, Novoaleksandrovsk, 22.vii.1971, Narchuk (ZIN). Smolensk: 1 ♂, National Park “Smolenskoe poozer’e”, 20.vi.1992, Zlobin (ZIN). Tver’: 1 ♀, Tsentral'no- Lesnoy Nature Reserve [~ 56º30'00''N 32º55'00''E], 20.vii.1932, Dombrovskiy (ZIN); 8 ♂, 6 ♀, same locality, 16–23.vii.1971, V. Kovalev (ZMMU). Tyumen’: 3 ♀, Tobol'sk, near Suzgun, mixed forest, 2.ix.1976, Gorodkov (ZIN). Vladimir: 1 ♀, Strunino, 10 km W of Aleksandrov [56°23'00"N 38°35'00"E], 1.vii.1951, Е. Smirnov (ZMMU). Voronezh: 1 ♂, env. Voronezh, Venevitinovo [51°48'45"N 39°23'9"E], Usmanskiy Bor, flood-plain forest, 15.vii.1968, Udovenko (ZMMU). Yarosl avl ’: 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Berditsyno, 9.vi, 18.vi.1906, A. Yakovlev (ZIN); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, env. Uglich' [~ 57º32'00''N 38º34'00''E], Uleyma, 24.vi.1975, V. Kovalev (ZMMU). SWEDEN: 1 ♂, Söderköping (Gårdeby), 3.vii.2002, I. Grichanov (ZIN); 3 ♀, Värmlands län, Brattfors, Kitteelfältet, 7.viii.2012, RW (RW); 3 ♂, 6 ♀, Värmlands län, Nordmark, 7–10.viii.2012, RW (RW). SWITZERLAND: Bern: 2 ♀, Grindelwald, 16–24.vii; R.I.Sc.N.B. 24.236, Coll. MB (RBINS). Graubünden: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Thusis, 28.viii.1910, J. Wagner (ZIN); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 1325 m, Ausserferrera, 30.viii.2006, leg. B. Merz (MHNG); 6 ♀, same locality, 28.viii.2006, leg. B. Merz (MHNG); 2 ♀, 330 m, Grono (Moesa), 31.viii.2006, leg. B. Merz (MHNG). UKRAINE. Kiev: 1 ♀, Polesskoe, 120 km NW of Kiev [51º14'27''N 29º23'13''E], 16.viii.1984, Korneev (ZMMU). Lvov: Rostochie Nature Reserve, Ivano-Frankovo, Yavorskiy distr., 7–15.vii.1987, Tanasiychuk (ZIN). Zakarpattia: 1 ♂, Carpathians, env. Yasinya, Stanislav-Gat', [~ 48º16'00''N 24º22'00''E], 9.viii.1972, V. Kovalev (ZMMU).

Recognition. Mesonotum entirely finely brownish pollinose; thorax with black setation; legs entirely black, with black setation; fore tibia and metatarsus clothed in long outstanding hair-like setae (longer in males), except anterior face of tibia; hind metatarsus with short, black spines ventrally. Full description: Lundbeck (1910: 15), Collin (1961: 238), Chvála (1983: 95).

Remarks. For details of synonymy we refer to Lundbeck (1910) and Collin (1961).

The distribution of this species is well documented for the western Palaearctic; however, in the eastern part of the region the picture remains unclear due to almost absolute absence of published data. Frey (1935) recorded this species from Kamchatka. However, in the Catalogue of Palaearctic Hybotidae Chvála & Kovalev (1989) noted H. grossipes from the Russian Far East with a question mark. Recently, Yang & Yang (2004), Yang et al. (2007) and Li et al. (2014) recorded this species from Palaearctic and Oriental China.

Our data indicate that H. grossipes is the only species of the genus with a continuous, undisrupted transpalaearctic distribution (Fig. 37). In the European part, this species is absent in the south (including the Caucasus) which supports Chvála’s (1983) suggestion. At the same time, Chvála (l.c.) indicated that in Fennoscandia “ H. grossipes is more common towards the north beyond 66°N, up to the polar circle and it is the hybotine species with the most northern distribution, in Finland to the north part of Ostrobottnia borealis and Kuusamo (65°58′00″N, 29°10′00″E), in Norway to Nord-Trøndelag (64°30'00''N, 11°40'00''E)”. This species is absent among material taken from subarctic latitudes over the huge territory of Russia. Moreover, according to our data, H. grossipes has not yet been found beyond 60°N east of the Urals. Our data confirm Frey’s record of H. grossipes from Kamchatka where this species apparently is quite common. Additionally, H. grossipes was found among material collected from Primorskiy Territory of Russia and from Sakhalin Island, but it has not yet been recorded from Japan. We record here H. grossipes for the first time from Byelorussia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Mongolia, Ukraine and many provinces of Russia.

Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Austria, Belgium, China (Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Ningxia, Shanxi, Shaanxi), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Altay Republic, Amur, Arkhangel'sk, Buryatia, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Kaluga, Kamchatka, Karelia, Kemerovo, Khabarovsk, Khakassia, Komi, Krasnoyarsk, Kursk, Leningrad, Moscow, Murmansk, Novgorod Velikiy, Novgorod Nizhniy, Perm', Primorskiy Terr., Pskov, Sakhalin (Sakhalin Island), Smolensk, Spain, Sverdlovsk, Tver’, Tyumen’, Vladimir, Voronezh, Yaroslavl’), Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, Ukraine (Kiev, Lvov, Zakarpattia), and former Yugoslavia. ORIENTAL: China (Hubei, Sichuan).