Desmacella microsigmata Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2015, sp. nov.
Description
Desmacella microsigmata sp. nov.
(Figures 1, 2, Table 1)
Type locality: Brazil, Rio Grande do Norte State, Potiguar Basin.
Type specimens: Holotype. UFPEPOR 1759, Bacia Potiguar (04° 36.6848’ S; 036° 46.6926’ W), Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, depth 157 m, trawl, coll. Petrobrás, (21/V/2011).
Diagnosis. Desmacella microsigmata sp. nov. is an encrusting sponge, characterized by the presence of tylostyles (286.3 x 3.9 µm, length x width) with elliptical tyles situated at varied positions at their bases, and small sigmas with microspined ends (14.6 µm, chord length).
External morphology (Fig. 2 A). Encrusting sponge, 1 x 1.5 cm (length x width) (Fig. 2 A). Hispid surface, consistency is fragile, oscules were not seen, colour in situ is unknown, brownish-purple in ethanol. The specimens were collected in the same dredge as Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) and stored in the same container. It is possible that the A. crassa pigments stained the Desmacella specimens (Cavalcanti et al. 2014).
Skeleton (Fig. 2 B). The ectosomal skeleton consists in terminations of the ascending choanosomal tracts. Choanosomal skeleton is composed of poor spongin fibres and tylostyles forming bouquets of spicules projecting through the surface. Sigmas are randomly distributed.
Spicules (Fig. 2 C–F). Tylostyles (177– 286.3 –425 x 2 – 3.9 –7 µm, length x width): long, thin, smooth, straight to slightly curved, with elliptical tyles situated at varied positions at their bases (Fig. 2 C, F); Sigmas (12– 14.6 –19 µm, chord length): small, thin, abundant and with microspined ends (Fig. 2 D, E).
Ecology. The specimens of Desmacella microsigmata sp. nov. was found associated with the bryozoan Canda alsia Winston, Vieira & Woollacott, 2014.
Distribution (Fig. 1). Brazil: Northeastern Region: Rio Grande do Norte State: off Potiguar Basin.
Etymology. The species name refers to the small size of the sigma.
Remarks. Desmacella microsigmata sp. nov. belongs to the genus by the possession of tylostyles and sigmas, and a skeleton consisting of plumose bundles of tylostyles. Desmacella microsigmata sp. nov. differs from other Atlantic species by its elliptical tyles with variously located along the basal part of the shaft of the megasclere and dimensions of the spicules. The new species differs from D. annexa, D. digitata, D. polysigmata, D. pumilio and D. vicina by having just one category of sigmas. Desmacella grimaldii, D. informis, D. inornata, D. suberitoides, D. topsenti, D. vagabunda and, D. vestibularis are distinguished by the possession of larger tylostyles and sigmas bigger than those of D. microsigmata sp. nov. (see Table 1). The new species differs from D. infundibuliformis, D. jania and D. meliorata, by the encrusting growth form of the new species and its tiny sigmas (see Table 1). Desmacella peachi sensu Ferrer-Hernandez (1914) is distinguished from D. microsigmata sp. nov. by the presence of raphides, sinuous tylostyles and lacking sigmas. Finally, in spite of D. corrugata ’s description (Bowerbank, 1866, from Azores) not having included the dimensions of its spicules, it can still be differentiated from D. microsigmata sp. nov. due to the former’s tylostyles lacking variously located subterminal tyles.
TABLE 1. Comparative micrometric data on the spicules, shape, colour and overview of distribution of the living species of Desmacella Schmidt, 1870 from Atlantic Ocean. Values are in micrometres (µm), expressed as follows: minimum–maximum or minimum– mean –maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed after the table.
Desmacella tylovariabilis sp. nov. Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) Massive / Beige (fixed) 315– 616.0 –1050/ 6–11.0–16 25– 34.2 –48 - -
/ 1130
inornata (Bowerbank, 1866) 1,4 Aegean Sea, Alboran Sea, Amorphous / Dirty gray 190–1000 / 6–18 20 –45 - -
Azores, Western (dried) Mediterranean / 100–270
jania Verrill, 1907 1,10 Bermuda, Caribbean Sea, Massive and irregularly 220–250 (styles to tylostyles) 37–40 - -
Mexico / not recorded lobulate / White (dried)
meliorata Wiedenmayer, Bahamas, Caribbean Sea / Lobular / Crimson red 210–230 / 3.5–4.5 37 / 2 - - 1,11 not recorded
......continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued) References: (1) Lehnert et al. (2005); (2) Topsent (1936); (3) van Soest & Stentoft (1988); (4) Bowerbank (1866); (5) Lévi, (1960); (6) Topsent (1890); (7) Stephens (1916); (8) Vosmaer (1885); (9) Fristedt (1887); (10) Verril (1907); (11) Wiedenmayer (1977); (12) Ferrer-Hernandez (1914); (13) Van Soest (1984); (14) Schmidt (1870); (15) Burton (1932); (16) Burton (1930); (17) Wilson 1904).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Desmacellidae
- Genus
- Desmacella
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Poecilosclerida
- Phylum
- Porifera
- Species
- microsigmata
- Taxonomic status
- sp. nov.
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Desmacella microsigmata Cavalcanti, Santos & Pinheiro, 2015
References
- Hyatt, A. (1875) Revision of the North American Poriferae; With remarks upon foreign species. Part I. Memoirs read before the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 399 - 408.
- Cavalcanti, T., Garcia Santos, G. & Pinheiro, U. (2014) Two new species of Aulospongus Norman, 1878 with a key to the Atlantic species (Poecilosclerida; Demospongiae; Porifera). Zootaxa, 3827 (2), 282 - 292. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3827.2.9
- Winston, J. E., Vieira, L. M. & Woollacott, R. M. (2014) Scientific Results of the Hassler Expedition. Bryozoa. No. 2. Brazil. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 161, 5, 139 - 239.
- Bowerbank, J. S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Volume 2. Ray Society, London, i - xx, 1 - 388.
- Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, iii - iv, 1 - 88, pls I - VI.
- Verrill, A. E. (1907) The Bermuda Islands: Part V. An account of the Coral Reefs (Characteristic Life of the Bermuda Coral Reefs). Porifera: Sponges. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 12, 330 - 344, pls 35 C - D.
- Lehnert, H., Conway, K. M., Barrie, J. V. & Krautter, M. (2005) Desmacella austini sp. n. from sponge reefs off the Pacific coast of Canada. Contributions to Zoology, 74, 3 / 4, 265 - 270.
- Topsent, E. (1936) Eponges observees dans les parages de Monaco. (Deuxieme partie). Bulletin de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco, 686, 1 - 70.
- Van Soest, R. W. M. & Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 122. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70, 215, 1 - 175.
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- Topsent, E. (1890) Notice preliminaire sur les spongiaires recueillis durant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France, 15, 26 - 32, 65 - 71.
- Stephens, J. (1916) Preliminary Notice of some Irish Sponges. - The Monaxonellida (Suborder Sigmatomonaxonellida) obtained by the Fisheries Branch of the Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction, Ireland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8, 17, 99, 232 - 242. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931508693773
- Vosmaer, G. C. J. (1885) The Sponges of the ' Willem Barents' Expedition 1880 and 1881. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 12, 3, 1 C 47, pls I - V.
- Fristedt, K. (1887) Sponges from the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans and the Behring Sea. Vega-Expeditionens Vetenskap, Iakttagelser (Nordenskiold), 4, 401 - 471, pp. 22 - 31.
- Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1 - 287, pls 1 - 43. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 0348 - 5797 - 0
- Van Soest, R. W. M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. & Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 112. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 66, 199, 1 - 167.
- Burton, M. (1932) Sponges. Discovery Reports, 6, 237 - 392, pls 48 - 57.
- Burton, M. (1930) Norwegian Sponges from the Norman Collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 2, 487 - 546, pls I - II. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1930. tb 00989. x
- Wilson, H. V. (1904) Reports on an Exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ' Albatross' during 1891, Lieut. Commander, Z. L. Tanner, U. S. S., commanding. XXX. The Sponges. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 30, 1, 1 - 164, pls. 1 - 26.