Description of Extraction of Steroidal Saponins in Forest Plants

Saponins are found in many herbs. Chemically, they are characterized by a glucoside root (glucose, glucose) attached to the root of the glycine. All saponins have high foams and are excellent cleansers. They have the ability to hemolyze red blood cells, which in turn releases the hemoglobin in them, thus justifying the unusability of some of them due to their toxicity. Saponins irritate the mucous membranes and cause the intestinal mucosa to relax, and together with the consumption of herbs such as white bang, licorice root and chubak, they increase the secretions of the lungs, or in other words, expectorants. They are also used as a laxative and disinfectant of the urinary tract (spruce tree leaves, prickly anon root). The famous ginseng root found in China, Korea, the Far East and Russia is also rich in saponin. In this study, rhizomes were collected from Savadkuh city of Mazandaran and after drying, they were milled and degreased using hexane solvent. Extraction was performed by Soxhlet method with methanol solvent. The extract was concentrated by rotary rotation with normal butanol solvent and biphasic water. The precipitate from the addition of diethyl ether to the organic phase was washed by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and column chromatography to purify the composition of the extract. Then, the chemical structure was identified using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.