Published June 25, 2015 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Prosimulium hirtipes

Description

HIRTIPES species-group

Prosimulium approximatum Peterson

Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region, IIIS, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. mysticum): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. mysticum): North America

Prosimulium arvum Adler & Kim

Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CII and CIII regions and base of IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photo of CII region; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. approximatum): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. approximatum): North America

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, idiogram, notes on geographic variation): North America

Prosimulium clandestinum Adler, Currie & Wood

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, original description of species, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm transposition): USA

Prosimulium daviesi Peterson & DeFoliart

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. doveri from Utah and Colorado): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, geographic variation, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Prosimulium doveri Sommerman

Basrur (1962, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IS, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. ‘E’): Canada

Grinchuk (1967, idiogram, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as P. h i r t i pe s ‘E’): USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. doveri British Columbia segregate only plus P. ‘n. sp.’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Prosimulium esselbaughi Sommerman

Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. hirtipes ‘2’): Canada, USA

Grinchuk (1967, idiogram, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as P. h i r t i pe s ‘2’): USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on possible sibling species): USA

Prosimulium fontanum Syme & Davies

Rothfels (1956, drawing of IIIS; as P. ‘16’): North America

Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of CI region, IS, IIS, and partial IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada

Basrur (1962, IIIL sequence): North America

Rothfels & Freeman (1977, idiogram, inversions in CI region mapped, notes on relation to ‘ P. m i xt um group’): North America

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram): USA

Prosimulium formosum Shewell

Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, notes on revised inversion breakpoints): North America

Prosimulium frohnei Sommerman

Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Carlsson (1966, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IL, IIS, and IIIS, and IIL polymorphisms): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on geographic variation): USA

Prosimulum frontatum Terteryan

Chubareva (1977a, notes on general polytene features): Armenia

Chubareva (1977d, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Armenia

Chubareva (1978b, description, idiogram): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia

Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (1996, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Armenia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Armenia

Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IL, and IIS; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Armenia

Prosimulium fulvithorax Shewell

Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. ‘species 1’): Canada

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, sex-chromosome polymorphisms): USA

Prosimulium fulvum (Coquillett)

Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of partial IIIL, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram, possible sibling species): Canada, USA

Prosimulium fuscum Syme & Davies

Rothfels (1956, characterization, drawing of IIIS, idiogram, photo of partial IIIL; as P. hirtipes ‘1’): [Canada]

Basrur (1958, 1959, cytodendrogram, photo of IIIL): North America

Basrur (1962, photo of IIIL): North America

Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IIS, IIIS, polymorphisms, and hybrid complement with P. m i x t u m; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; sex-chromosome evolution): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America

Rothfels (1980, de novo intrachanges and interchanges): North America

Rothfels (1981b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, polymorphisms): North America

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, photo of IIIS): USA

Coscarón (1989, idiogram): [North America]

Coscarón-Arias (1998, idiogram): [North America]

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries)

Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of polymorphisms; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IS, IIS, IIL, and partial IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Britain (England, Scotland)

Rothfels & Basrur (1960, chromosomal recognition of multiple species): Europe

Grinchuk (1967, characterization; comparison with selected North American members of P. h i r t i pe s group; idiogram; photos of all chromosomes, metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements, and polymorphisms): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1969, comparison with H. ferrugineus, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, partial photos of chromosomes I and III): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1975, comparison with Austrosimulium tillyardianum [as A. tillyardi], idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths): [Russia]

Chubareva (1977a, description, idiogram, photos of metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements): Russia

Chubareva (1977b, idiogram): Russia

Chubareva (1977d, 1978b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, 2004, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): Britain (England, Scotland)

Chubareva & Petrova (2000b, note on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva (2001b, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Adler & Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny): Europe

Prosimulium idemai Adler, Currie & Wood

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization and partial resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, original description of species): USA

Prosimulium isos Rubtsov

Chubareva (2001b, parthenogenesis; photos of metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements; triploidy): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Petrova & Chubareva (2006, notes on general polytene features; photos of metaphase and polytene complements; triploidy): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description; photos of metaphase and polytene complements; triploidy): Russia

Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki

Okada (1985, description, idiogram, low-magnification photos of polytene complement and interpretive drawings, polytene chromosome relative lengths): Japan

Prosimulium latimucro (Enderlein)

Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of IIS, IIL, and polymorphisms; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region and partial IL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. inflatum and P. inflatum ‘aff. 1’): Britain (Scotland), France

Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as P. conistylum): Bulgaria

Ralcheva (1974, characterization, photos of polymorphisms and all arms; as P. conistylum): Bulgaria

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): Europe

Adler & Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IIS, and IIL; probable distinct species; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Morocco

Adler & Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny): Europe and Morocco

Prosimulium luganicum Rubtsov

Chubareva (1977a, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva (1977d, 1978b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, 2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva (1984, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Russia

Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (1996, description, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1999, notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia. NOTE: The polytene chromosomes in fig. 18 of Chubareva & Petrova (2008a) appear to be those of P. hirtipes.

Prosimulium minifulvum Adler, Currie & Wood

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Prosimulium mixtum Syme & Davies

Rothfels (1956, characterization; drawing of IIIS; idiogram; photos of partial II and IIIL; as P. hirtipes ‘2’): North America

Basrur (1958, 1959, cytodendrogram, photos of all arms): North America

Basrur (1962, photos of all arms): North America

Ottonen (1964, drawing of IIIS Y 1 sequence): North America

Rothfels & Freeman (1966, photo of CIII): [North America]

Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CI, CII, and CIII regions, IIIS, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, CII, and CIII regions, IIS, partial IIIL, and hybrid complement with P. fuscum; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; sex chromosomes): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America

Rothfels (1980, de novo interarm intrachange): North America

Rothfels (1981b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram): North America

Rothfels & Freeman (1983, comparison with P. transbrachium, photos of CI region and partial chromosome II): USA

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, photo of IIIS): USA

Coscarón (1989, idiogram): [North America]

Coscarón-Arias (1998, idiogram): [North America]

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Pinto-Sánchez, Miranda-Esquivel & Muñoz de Hoyos (2005, idiogram): [North America]

Sharp & Hunter (2008, chiasmate meiosis in mermithid-infected male larvae; as P. fuscum / mixtum): Canada

Prosimulium petrosum Rubtsov

Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria

Ralcheva (1974, characterization, photos of all arms): Bulgaria

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria

Prosimulium rachiliense Djafarov

Chubareva (1977a, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshe [sic]): Armenia

Chubareva (1977d, 1978b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshe [sic]): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshe [sic]): Armenia

Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (1996, description, photo of polytene complement; as P. pronevitshae [sic]): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitschae): Armenia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features; as P. pronevitshae [sic]): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photo of polytene complement; as P. pronevitshae [sic]): Armenia

Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘B’]; notes on phylogenetic relationships; photos of IS, partial IL, partial IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Armenia, Turkey

Prosimulium rhizophorum Stone & Jamnback

Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region and IIIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, idiogram): USA

Prosimulium rufipes (Meigen) (complex)

Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; partial drawings of IS, IL, and IIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. inflatum ‘aff. 2’): France

Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria

Ralcheva (1974, characterization; photos of all arms; sex chromosomes): Bulgaria

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): Europe

Adler & Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IIS, and IIIL; probable new species; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Morocco

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria

Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, selected inversion mapped, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Germany, Switzerland

Prosimulium rusticum Adler, Currie & Wood

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Prosimulium saltus Stone & Jamnback

Rothfels & Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII, IIIS, and base of IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photo of CII; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): USA

Prosimulium secretum Adler, Currie & Wood

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, original description of species, possible sibling species, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Prosimulium shewelli Peterson & DeFoliart

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. woodorum): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, geographic variation or possible sibling species, partial resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Canada, USA

Prosimulium tomosvaryi (Enderlein)

Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram, drawings of polymorphisms and partial IIIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CII region and partial IIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as P. hirtipes arvernense and P. vigintiquaterni): Czech Republic, France

Ralcheva & Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as P. nigripes): Bulgaria

Ralcheva (1974, characterization; photos of polymorphisms and all arms; sex chromosomes; as P. nigripes): Bulgaria

Post (1979, characterization; cytodendrogram; inversions mapped; male chiasmate meiosis; photos of male meiosis, mitotic metaphase, and all polytene arms; possible sibling species): Britain (England)

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. vigintiquaterni): Europe

Adler & Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of IL partial, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Morocco

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Bulgaria

Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; notes on phylogenetic relationships photos of IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIS; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Armenia, Germany, Turkey

Prosimulium transbrachium Adler & Kim

Rothfels in Adler (1983, comparison with P. m i x t um, whole-arm interchange; as P. ‘sp. X’): USA

Rothfels & Freeman (1983, characterization, evolution of species, photos of whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS], resolution relative to Prosimulium standard; as undescribed species): USA

Adler & Kim (1985, characterization, formal name for Adler’s 1983 P. sp. ‘X’, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard, whole-arm interchange): USA

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram): USA

Prosimulium travisi Stone

Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IS and IIIL, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): USA

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram): North America

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, possible sibling species): USA

Prosimulium inflatum ‘aff. 3’ Basrur

Kunze (1953, low-magnification photos of polytene complement and partial chromosome I, notes on general polytene features; as Simulium ‘sp. 3’): Austria

Basrur (1958, 1959, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of polymorphisms and IIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Austria

Rothfels (1979, 1981b, cytodendrogram; as P. ‘n. sp.’): Europe

Adler & Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny): Europe

Prosimulium ‘new species’ Adler & Şirin

Adler & Şirin (2014, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, notes on phylogenetic relationships, resolution relative to Prosimulium standard): Turkey

Notes

Published as part of Adler, Peter H. & Crosskey, Roger W., 2015, Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus, pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 3975 (1) on pages 14-19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/192364

Files

Files (20.8 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:9b6ed303b1687494f6f6df93cd1ade29
20.8 kB Download

System files (163.6 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:bb142a6f045e0c77fedc1c1b35f11769
163.6 kB Download

Linked records

Additional details

Biodiversity

Family
Simuliidae
Genus
Prosimulium
Kingdom
Animalia
Order
Diptera
Phylum
Arthropoda
Scientific name authorship
Fries
Species
hirtipes
Taxon rank
species
Taxonomic concept label
Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries, 1824) sec. Adler & Crosskey, 2015

References

  • Rothfels, K. H. & Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065
  • Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451
  • Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83.
  • Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates.
  • Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089
  • Grinchuk, T. M. (1967) A study of polymorphism in the polytene chromosomes of the blackfly species Prosimulium hirtipes (Simuliidae, Diptera), indigenous to the Leningrad Region. Genetika, 1, 165 - 172. [In Russian with English summary: title of latter includes the word ' Adirondack' not present in the Russian title.]
  • Rothfels, K. H. (1956) Black flies: siblings, sex, and species grouping. Journal of Heredity, 47, 113 - 122.
  • Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp.
  • Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059
  • Adler, P. H. & Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88.
  • Carlsson, G. (1966) Cytology of the black fly Prosimulium frohnei Sommerman. Hereditas, 55, 73 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1601 - 5223.1966. tb 02037. x
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1977 a) Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 105 - 111. [In Russian with English title only: latter excludes word ' subfamilies' present in Russian title.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1977 d) Characteristics of karyotypical features of plesiomorphic species of blackflies and probable pathways in the evolution of karyotypes in the family Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 56, 1492 - 1502. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1978 b) Karyotypical peculiarities in the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and problems in the systematics. Parazitologiya, 12, 37 - 43. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]
  • Kachvoryan, E. A., Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. & Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Frequency changes of B chromosomes in synanthropic species of bloodsucking blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Genetika, 32, 637 - 640. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Russian Journal of Genetics, 32, 554 - 557.]
  • Kachvoryan, E. A., Petrova, N. A. & Chubareva, L. A. (2003) The results of karyological study of the bloodsucking blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Armenia. Parazitologiya, 37, 89 - 102. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter is less complete than the Russian version, reading ' The results of karyological study of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Armenia'.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]
  • Adler, P. H. & Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150
  • Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. & Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224.
  • Coscaron, C. L. (1989) Estudios citotaxonomicos y bioecologicos de Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) de Argentina. Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 293 pp.
  • Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (1998) The polytene chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and three species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 445 - 458. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761998000400006
  • Rothfels, K. H. & Basrur, P. K. (1960) The interrelations of Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries) and allied European and North American species (Diptera: Simuliidae) - A salivary gland chromosome study. Verhandlungen 11 th Internationaler Kongress fur Entomologie. Wien [Vienna,] Austria, 1 (3), 435.
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1969) Karyological peculiarities of the blackfly Helodon ferrugineus Wahlb. in relation to some questions of systematics. Tsitologiya, 11, 234 - 241. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1975) A karyotypic study of the plesiomorphic species Austrosimulium tillyardi from New Zealand and its genetic relations with some other genera of Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 54, 552 - 558. [In Russian with English summary: title of the latter includes the words ' the family'.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1977 b) Karyotypical features and phylogenetic connections of the relict species of blackflies in the subfamily Gymnopaidinae (Simuliidae, Diptera). Tsitologiya, 19, 198 - 209. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2000 b) Karyotypes of 17 species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Murmansk region. In: Sokhranenie Biologicheskogo Raznoobraziya Fennoskandii [Conservation of Biological Diversity of Fennoscandia.] Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya, 30 Marta - 2 Aprelya 2000 g. [International Conference, 30 March - 2 April 2000], Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts]. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Petrozavodsk, Russia, p. 104. [In Russian.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. (2001 b) Triploidy in populations of three species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the Kol'sky Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk Region, Tuva and the Pamir. Tsitologiya, 43, 992 - 1000. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2006) B chromosome polymorphism of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Tsitologiya, 48, 253 - 263. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Okada, K. (1985). On gross complement characteristics in idiograms of the salivary gland chromosomes of a prosimuliid black fly, Prosimulium kiotoense (Diptera; Simuliidae). Juntendo University Bulletin of Letters and Science, 28, 47 - 51. [In Japanese with English title and summary.]
  • Ralcheva, N. M. & Dryanovska, O. A. (1973) Comparative karyological analysis of four species of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae). Doklady Bolgarskoi Akademii Nauk (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences), 26, 1085 - 1088. [In Russian.]
  • Ralcheva, N. [M.] (1974) Karyological peculiarities of four species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roub., fam. Simuliidae. Genetika i Selektsiya (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Sofiya, 7, 61 - 76. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Adler, P. H. & Belqat, B. (2001) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium hirtipes species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Morocco. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 32, 411 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631201 X 00281
  • Chubareva, L. A. (1984) Comparative analysis of karyotypes in the Simuliidae and Chironomidae. Zoolgichesky Zhurnal, 63, 1652 - 1660. [In Russian with English summary.]
  • Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1999) Peculiarities of the karyotype and the rank of the supraspecific taxa of Palaearctic blackflies of the subfamily Prosimuliinae Enderlein (Diptera, Simuliidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 78, 189 - 195. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 79, 50 - 57 (1999).]
  • Ottonen, P. O. (1964) The salivary gland chromosomes of six species in the IIIS- 1 group of Prosimulium (Diptera) Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 87 pp. + 9 plates.
  • Rothfels, K. [H.] & Freeman, [D.] M. (1966) The salivary gland chromosomes of three North American species of Twinnia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 937 - 945. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 66 - 095
  • Pinto-Sanchez, N. R., Miranda-Esquivel, D. R. & Munoz de Hoyos, P. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of Gigantodax (Diptera: Simuliidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 36, 219 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631205788838465
  • Sharp, A. L. & Hunter, F. F. (2008) Chiasmate meiosis in male black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae associated with mermithid infections (Nematoda: Mermithidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 86, 1198 - 1202. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / Z 08 - 105
  • Post, R. J. (1979) A cytological study of certain British blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, 261 pp.
  • Adler, P. H. (1983) Ecosystematics of the Simulium vittatum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) and associated black flies. Doctoral thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, 308 pp.
  • Adler, P. H. & Kim, K. C. (1985) Taxonomy of black fly sibling species: two new species in the Prosimulium mixtum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 41 - 49. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 78.1.41
  • Kunze, E. (1953) Artunterschiede im Bau der Riesenchromosomen in der Gattung Simulium Latr. Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift, 4, 23 - 32.