Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published December 31, 2016 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Squalus Linnaeus 1758

Creators

Description

Genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758

Squalus Artedi, 1738: 504 (description); Linnaeus, 1758: 233 (original description; “Oceano Europaeo”); Molina, 1782: 188, 189 (listed; Chile); Rafinesque, 1810: 45 (listed; Sicily); Girard, 1855 (listed; Chile); Gill, 1862: 367–405 (in classification); Poey, 1868: 211, 213, 454 (listed; Cuba); Berg, 1895: 5, 6 (listed; Argentina and Uruguay); Jordan & Evermann, 1898: 53, fig. 24 (listed; North and Central America); Schreiner & Ribeiro, 1903: 79 (listed; Brazil); Jordan, 1907: 202 (cited); Miranda Ribeiro, 1907: 167, 168 (listed; Brazil); Regan, 1908: 39, 45, 48 (identification key, listed; global); Garman, 1913: 191 (description; global); Miranda Ribeiro, 1923 (listed; Brazil); Howell-Rivero, 1936: 45 (revision; Cuba); Fowler, 1936: 69–71 (description; Western Africa); Fowler, 1941: 129 (listed; Brazil); Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948: 451–480, figs 87–90 (revision; Northwestern Atlantic); Bigelow, Schroeder & Springer, 1953: 220–222 (cited; Western Atlantic); Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957: 26–37, figs 3, 4 (description); Ledoux, 1970, 65–69 (revision; Mediterranean Sea); Bass et al., 1976 (revision; Eastern South Africa); Figueiredo, 1977: 8 (listed; Southeastern Brazil); Cadenat & Blache, 1981: 46–52; figs 28–31 (revision; Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean); Figueiredo, 1981: 17 (listed; Brazil); Lucena & Lucena, 1981: 2–4 (listed; Brazil); Compagno, 1984: 109–123 (revision; global); Kondyurin & Myagkov, 1984: 118–120, (revision; Western Atlantic); Menni et al., 1984: 62, 83, 84 (listed; Argentina and Uruguay); Myagkov & Kondyurin, 1986: 1–20 (revision; Atlantic); Muñoz-Chápuli & Ramos, 1989 (revision; Eastern Atlantic); Gadig & Moreira, 1992: 112, 118 (cited; Brazil); Calderón, 1994 (cited; Brazil); Marques, 1994 (description; Brazil); Gomes et al., 1997: 93–98 (listed, description; Brazil); Cervigón & Alcal, 1999: 122 (revision; Venezuela); Compagno & Niem, 1999: 1229–1232 (revision; Western-Central Pacific); Lessa et al., 1999 (cited, listed; Brazil); Marques, 1999 (description; Brazil); Mazzoleni & Schwingel, 1999: 114 (listed; South Brazil); Gadig et al., 2000: 129 (cited; Cear, Brazil); Gadig, 2001: 54–59 (revision; Brazil); Soto, 2001: 94–96 (listed; Brazil); Compagno, 2002: 380–385 (revision; Western Central Atlantic); Nion et al., 2002: 4, 65 (listed; Uruguay); Haimovici et al., 2003 (cited; Brazil); Meneses & Paesch, 2003: 7, 8, 25 (listed; Uruguay, Argentina); Heemstra & Heemstra, 2004 (cited, Southern Africa): 49, 53–54; Soto & Mincarone, 2004: 73–82 (listed; Brazil); Compagno et al., 2005: 72 (description; global); Haddad & Gadig, 2005 (cited; Brazil); Lamilla & Bustamante, 2005: 9, 26 (cited; Chile); Hazin et al., 2006 (cited; Northeastern Brazil); Jablonski et al., 2006 (cited; Brazil); Nelson, 2006: 66 (listed; global); Last et al., 2007 (revision; Australia); Louro & Rossi- Wongtschowski, 2007 (cited; Brazil); Menni & Lucifora, 2007: 2, 3 (listed; Argentina, Uruguay); Pon & Gandini, 2007 (cited; Argentina); Carrier et al., 2010: 44, 127, 139 (cited); Gomes et al., 2010: 44, 45 (cited; Brazil); Menni et al., 2010 (cited; Southwestern Atlantic); Saéz et al., 2010: 623, 624 (identification key; Chile); Tomás et al., 2010 (cited; Brazil); Viana, 2011: 1–373 (description; Southwestern Atlantic); Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2015 (listed; global); Bornatowski & Abilhoa, 2012: 35 (cited; Brazil); Rosa & Gadig, 2014: 92, 97 (listed, cited; Brazil).

Acanthorhinus Blainville, 1816: 121 (original description, not illustrated); Fowler, 1936: 61 (cited); Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948: 452 (cited).

Spinax: Cuvier, 1817: 130 (cited); Cuvier, 1863: 320 (listed).

Acanthias Risso, 1826: 131 (original description, not illustrated; Mediterranean Sea); Müller & Henle, 1841: 83 (listed); Gill, 1861: 60 (listed; North and Central America; used Squalus for Carcharhinus in this work); Duméril, 1865: 435, 436 (description); Günther, 1866: 384, 396 (listed; Central America); Vaillant, 1888: 7 (cited; Argentina).

Type species: Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation of Gill (1862: 405).

Diagnosis. Squalus is characterized by the following combination of characters: slender and fusiform body, arched dorsally at anterior region; lateral keels restricted to caudal peduncle; short snout, rounded or obtuse at the tip; anterior nasal flaps lobe-like, however without forming nasal barbels; presence of slender dorsal spines without lateral grooves prior to each dorsal fin, extending or not to the apex of corresponding fin; second dorsal fin considerably smaller and more raked than first dorsal fin; caudal peduncle with conspicuous upper and lower precaudal pits; asymmetric caudal fin without subterminal notch; dorsal caudal lobe considerably greater in length than ventral caudal lobe; teeth unicuspid, small, similar in both jaws with short, slightly oblique cusps; dermal denticles unicuspid or tricuspid.

Squalus is distinguished from Cirrhigaleus in having anterior nasal flaps with short secondary lobe without forming nasal barbels (vs. secondary lobe very elongated and forming nasal barbels extending to anterior margin of mouth), second dorsal fin smaller and lower than first dorsal fin (vs. dorsal fins of similar length and height with second dorsal fin as high and large as first dorsal fin), second dorsal-fin spine larger in length than first dorsal-fin spine (vs. second dorsal-fin spine equal in length to first dorsal-fin spine), and conspicuous upper and lower precaudal pits (vs. absence of lower precaudal pit). It is further differentiated from Cirrhigaleus by having narrow dermal denticles (vs. denticles conspicuously broad), and body fusiform and somewhat arched dorsally throughout all of its length (vs. body robust and markedly humped dorsally).

Notes

Published as part of De, Sarah T., De, Marcelo R. & Gomes, Ulisses L., 2016, Taxonomy and morphology of species of the genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae), pp. 1-89 in Zootaxa 4133 (1) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4133.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/400024

Files

Files (6.6 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:deced7a1bdf7df711c1594417e685409
6.6 kB Download

System files (35.6 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:eaebc6a1e10f8f3f6c4a4f06f4a0780d
35.6 kB Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

URL
http://treatment.plazi.org/id/282F878EFF8FFF8814C027A9FC935982

Related works

Is part of
Journal article: 10.11646/zootaxa.4133.1.1 (DOI)
Journal article: http://zenodo.org/record/400024 (URL)
Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/D416FFF6FF89FF8F14572244FFFD5C35 (URL)
Journal article: http://zoobank.org/E7276A63-67C8-4BC5-8419-2EBDAE4432B0 (URL)
Is source of
https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/282F878EFF8FFF8814C027A9FC935982 (URL)

Biodiversity

Family
Squalidae
Genus
Squalus
Kingdom
Animalia
Order
Squaliformes
Phylum
Chordata
Scientific name authorship
Linnaeus
Taxon rank
genus
Taxonomic concept label
Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 sec. De, De & Gomes, 2016

References

  • Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decimal, reformata. Tomus I. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp.
  • Molina, G. I. (1782) Saggio sulla storia naturale del Chile, del Signor Abate Giovanni Ignazio Molina. Saggio Chile, Bologna, 306 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62689
  • Rafinesque, C. S. (1810) Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ossia, catalogo metodico dei nomi latini, italiani, e siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia disposti secondo un metodo naturale e seguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione de alcuni nuovi pesci sicilian. Presso Giovanni del Nobolo, con approvazzione, Messina, 70 pp.
  • Gill, T. N. (1862) Analytical synopsis of the order of Squali; and revision of the nomenclature of the genera. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 7 (art. 32), 367 - 413. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1862. tb 00166. x
  • Berg, C. (1895) Enumeracion sistematica y sinonimica de los peces de las costas Argentina y Uruguaya. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 4, 1 - 120.
  • Schreiner, C. & Miranda Ribeiro, A. (1903) A colecao de peixes do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 12, 1 - 108.
  • Miranda Ribeiro, A. (1907) Fauna Brasiliense. Peixes II (Desmobranchios). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 14, 131 - 217.
  • Regan, C. T. (1908) A synopsis of the sharks of the family Squalidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 2 (7), 39 - 57.
  • Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia (sharks, skates and rays). Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 36, 1 - 515.
  • Miranda Ribeiro, A. (1923) Fauna Brasiliense. Peixes. Vol. II. Primeira Parte. Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 52 pp.
  • Fowler, H. W. (1936) The marine fishes of West Africa based on the collection of the American Museum Congo expedition, 1909 - 1915. Part II. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 70 (2), 607 - 1493.
  • Fowler, H. W. (1941) A list of the fishes know from the coast of Brazil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo, 3 (6), 115 - 184.
  • Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1948) Sharks. In: Tee-Van, J., Breder, C. M., Hildebrand, S. F., Parr, A. E. & Schroeder, W. C. (Eds.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Part 1. Memoir Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven, pp. 1 - 576.
  • Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1957) A study of the sharks of the suborder Squaloidea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, 117 (1), 1 - 150.
  • Ledoux, J. C. (1970) Affinites et origines du Squalus blainvillei de Mediterranee. Journees Ichthologique, C. I. E. S. M., 3, 65 - 69.
  • Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1976) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. VI The families Oxynotidae, Squalidae, Dalatiidae and Echinorhinidae. Investigational Report, Oceanographic Research Institute, 45, 1 - 103.
  • Figueiredo, J. L. de (1977) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. I. Introducao, Cacoes, raias e quimeras. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 104 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 109986
  • Cadenat, J. & Blache, J. (1981) Requins de Mediterranee et d'Atlantique (plus particulierment de La Cote Ocidentale d'Afrique). Fauna Tropicale. ORSTOM, Paris, 330 pp.
  • Figueiredo, J. L. de (1981) Estudo das distribuicoes endemicas de peixes da Provincia Zoogeografica Marinha Argentina. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 121 pp.
  • Lucena, C. A. S. & Lucena, Z. M. S. (1981) Catalogo dos peixes marinhos do Museu de Ciencias da Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul. Elasmobranchii. Teleostomi (1 parte). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da PUCRGS, 21, 1 - 66.
  • Compagno, L. J. V. (1984) FAO Species Catalogue. Vo. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, Rome, 4 (125), 1 - 249.
  • Kondyurin, V. V. & Myagkov, N. A. (1984) Sharks of the genus Squalus of the western Atlantic ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 24 (3), 118 - 121.
  • Menni, R. C., Ringuelet, R. A. & Arambaru, R. H. (1984) Peces marinos de la Argentina y Uruguay. Resena historica: clave de familias, generos y especies: catalogo critico. Editorial Hemisferio Sur AS, Buenos Aires, 359 pp.
  • Myagkov, N. A. & Kondyurin, V. V. (1986) Dogfishes, Squalus (Squalidae) of the Atlantic Ocean and comparative notes on the species of this genus from other regions. Journal of Ichthyology, 26 (6), 1 - 18.
  • Munoz-Chapuli, R. & Ramos, F. (1989) Morphological comparisons of Squalus blainvillei and S. megalops in the Eastern Atlantic, with notes on the genus. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 36 (1), 6 - 21.
  • Calderon, J. J. D. (1994) Morfologia, distribuicao, abundancia e reproducao de duas especies do genero Squalus no Sul do Brasil. Unpublished MSc Thesis. Fundacao Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 104 pp.
  • Marques, A. R. (1994) Revisao do genero Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Elasmobranchii, Squaliformes, Squalidae): o grupo megalops em aguas brasileiras. Unpublished Monograph. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 105 pp.
  • Gomes, U. L., Lima, M. C., Parago, C. & Quitans, A. P. (1997) Catalogo das colecoes ictiologicas do Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal. Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Grafica UERJ, 185 pp.
  • Cervigon, F. & Alcal, A. (1999) Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Vol. V. Fundacion Museo del Mar, Carracas, 230 pp.
  • Lessa, R., Santana, F. M., Rincon, G., Gadig, O. B. F. & El-Deir, A. C. A. (1999) Biodiversidade de elasmobranquios do Brasil. MMA / PROBIO, Necton, Elasmobranquios, Recife, 154 pp.
  • Marques, A. R. (1999) O genero Squalus no Brasil: caracterizacao do grupo megalops e determinacao do status taxonomico das formas brasileiras. Unpublished Msc. Thesis. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 117 pp.
  • Gadig, O. B. F. (2001) Tubaroes da Costa Brasileira. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Instituto de Biociencias da Universidade Estadual Paulista " Julio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, 343 pp.
  • Soto, J. M. R. (2001) Annotated systematic checklist and bibliography of the coastal and oceanic fauna of Brazil. I. Sharks. Mare Magnum, 1 (1), 51 - 120.
  • Compagno, L. J. V. (2002) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. (Ed.), The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 1. Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes and chimaeras. FAO Species identification guide for fishery purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists Special Publication 5. FAO, Rome, pp. 357 - 505.
  • Meneses, P. & Paesch, L. (2003) Guia de campo para la identificacion de peces cartilaginosos em el Rio de da Plata y su frente oceanico. Direccion Nacional de Recursos Acuaticos, Montevideo, 55 pp.
  • Soto, J. M. R. & Mincarone, M. M. (2004) Collections of the Museu Oceano grafico do Vale do Itaja. I. Catalog of cartilaginous fishes (Myxini, Cephalaspidomorphi, Elasmobranchii, Holocephalii). Mare Magnum, 2 (1 - 2), 1 - 125.
  • Compagno, L. J. V., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers, London, 368 pp.
  • Haddad Jr., V. & Gadig, O. B. F. (2005) The spiny dogfish (Squalus cubensis / megalops group): the envenoming of a fisherman, with a taxonomic and toxinological comments on the Squalus genus. Toxicon, 46, 108 - 110. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. toxicon. 2005.03.002
  • Lamilla, J. & Bustamante, C. (2005) Guia para el reconocimiento de tiburones, rayas y quimeras de Chile. Oceana, 17, 1 - 80.
  • Gomes, U. L., Signori, C. N., Gadig, O. B. F. & Santos, H. R. S. (2010) Guia para Identificacao de Tubaroes e Raias do Rio de Janeiro. Technical Books, Rio de Janeiro, 234 pp.
  • Viana, S. T. de F. (2011) Revisao taxonomica e morfologica do genero Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 do oceano Atlantico Sul Ocidental (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae). Unpublished MSc Thesis. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 348 pp.
  • Rosa, R. S. & Gadig, O. B. F. (2014) Conhecimento da diversidade dos Chondrichthyes marinhos no Brasil: a contribuicao de Jose Lima de Figueiredo. Arquivos de Zoologia, 45, 89 - 104. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 45 iespp 89 - 104
  • Risso, A. (1826) Histoire Naturelle des principales productions de L' Europe Meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Tome III. Chez F. - G. Levrault, libraire, Paris, 480 pp.
  • Muller, J. & Henle, J. (1841) Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Veit, Berlin, 300 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6906
  • Gill, T. N. (1861) Catalogue of fishes of the Eastern coast of North America, from Greenland to Georgia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 13, 1 - 63.
  • Dumeril, A. H. A. (1865) Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie generale. Tome Premier. I. Elasmobranches. Plagiostomes et Holocephales ou Chimeres. Tableau elementaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux, 1, 1 - 720.