Study of ecosystem and pastoralism in Cholistan, Pakistan

The Cholistan desert is the oldest Hakra River civilization in the Indian Sub-continent. One of the largest desert in Pakistan comprising Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Rahimyar khan Districts with a population of 10.6 million. Rohi pastoral people (0.22 million) engaged in livestock husbandry. Livestock rearing is much important for food security and is the only source of livelihood for these people. The pastoralists raise sheep, goat, cattle and camel breeds and have a herd size of up to 600 animals. Health facilities for livestock and human are very poor in the area. The livestock is under fed due to lack of vegetation and non-availability of other fodders. Cholistan pastoralists remain mobile throughout the year with their livestock in search of water and forage. Water is the major problem in the desert, although tobas of different dimensions are present but their de-silting is not carried out on regular basis. Pastoralists suggested the reseeding of grasses and fodder trees in the area. They also required marketing, veterinary facilities and value addition ecotourism and participation in the projects related to desert development