Phytomyza hatfieldae Eiseman & Lonsdale 2018, spec. nov.

Phytomyza hatfieldae spec. nov.

(Figs. 44–45, 189, 332–337)

Holotype. IOWA: Winneshiek Co., Cresco, Cold Water Creek Rd., 43°25'55.97"N, 92°00'34.78"W, 16.vii.2015, em. 6–17.viii.2015, C.S. Eiseman, ex Osmorhiza claytonii, #CSE1971, CNC564694 (1♂).

Paratypes. ALBERTA: Edmonton, on Osmorhiza longistylis, larva collected 22.vi.1975, emerged 12.vii.1975, E225, G.C.D. Griffiths (3♂, UASM), emerged 13.vii.1975 (1♂, UASM), emerged 14.vii.1975 (1♂, UASM), Marten Mountain, 3200–3300ft, East and Lesser Slave Lake, larva collected 13.ix.1975, emerged 20.iv.1976, on Osmorhiza depauperata, SL18, G.C.D. Griffiths (1♂, UASM), emerged 21.iv.1976 (1♀, UASM), 23.iv.1976 (1♂, UASM), 28.v.1976 (2♀, UASM), 29.v.1976 (1♀, UASM), 6.vi.1976 (1♂, UASM), 7.vi.1976 (1♂, UASM), SL8, 3300ft, larva collected 30.viii.1975, emerged 26.iv.1976 (1♀, UASM), 25.v.1976 (1♀, UASM), 6.vi.1976 (1♀, UASM), Jasper Nat. Park, Near Mount Cavell Chalet, 6600ft., larva collected 17–19.viii.1971, emerged 12.v.1972, on Osmorhiza purpurea, J21, G.C.D. Griffiths (1♂, UASM), Jasper Nat. Park, near Mount Cavell Chalet, 6600ft, on Osmorhiza purpurea, J21, larva collected 17–19.viii.1971, emerged 1.v.1972 (1♀, UASM), Elk Island Nat. Park, on Osmorhiza depauperata, E279, G.C.D. Griffiths, larva collected 28.viii.1975, emerged 21.iv.1976 (1♀, UASM), emerged 22.iv.1976 (1♀, UASM), IOWA: same collection as holotype, CNC564691–564693, CNC564695 (2♂ 3♀); WASHINGTON: Thurston Co., Olympia, Watershed Park, 47°1’40.80”N 122°53’9.60”W, 26.vi.2017, em. summer 2017, E. Stansbury, ex Osmorhiza berteroi, #CSE4337, CNC939936–939938 (3♂, CNC). Additional material examined: IOWA: same collection as holotype, CNC564696–564698 (2 puparia, 1 undeveloped adult).

Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mary Jane Hatfield, dedicated naturalist and advocate for Iowa’s natural areas, near whose house the Iowa material was collected.

Hosts. Apiaceae: Osmorhiza berteroi DC., O. claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke, O. depauperata Phil., O. longistylis (Torr.) DC., O. purpurea (J.M. Coult. & Rose) Suksd.

Leaf mine. (Fig. 189) Green to whitish, entirely linear; frass in fine, black, closely spaced grains.

Puparium. (Fig. 44) Brown; formed outside the mine.

Distribution. USA: IA, WA; Canada: AB.

Adult description. Wing length 2.1–2.7mm (♂), 2.2–2.8mm (♀). Eye height divided by gena height: 3.4–4.8. First flagellomere rounded, slightly narrower apically, slightly longer than high; distal margin with slightly longer apical hairs; female first flagellomere appearing slightly larger, longer and sometimes almost subrectangular in outline. Cheek developed. Notum pruinose. Vein dm-cu absent.

Chaetotaxy: Two ors (posterior ors thinner, 2/3 length), two ori (thinner, anterior ori 2/3–4/5 length). Ocellar seta subequal to anterior ors; postvertical longer, closer in length to outer vertical seta. Four dorsocentral setae, decreasing in length anteriorly. Acrostichal setulae in two to four irregular rows, but mostly two to three along length to level of first or second dorsocentral.

Coloration: (Fig. 45) Setae dark brown. Head mostly brown; pedicel and scape slightly paler; frontal vitta, parafacial, gena (excluding dark ventral line and sometimes darker cheek) and lunule dirty yellow with beige tint; ocellar spot dark brown, slightly larger than tubercle, with wide pigmented connection to back of head; back of head dark brown; orbital plate brown to light brown, darker posterior to vertical setae, sometimes with pale beige mottling along inner-anterior margin; female orbital plate uncommonly as pale as frontal vitta; face brown with yellowish tint. Thorax brown to dark brown with light brownish pruinosity, postpronotum and notopleuron slightly paler. Calypter margin white, hairs light brown. Haltere light yellow. Legs slightly paler than thorax with apex of fore femur light yellow (spot as long as wide), apex of mid femur narrowly light yellow, fore tibia and tarsi light yellow to brownish with apical tarsomere light brown.

Genitalia: (Figs. 332–337) Surstylus small, rounded, fused to epandrium. Hypandrium stout, subtriangular, lobe straight, with single long apical seta. Postgonite with small tail and high, stout anterior region with one medial seta and two sockets. Phallophorus small, shallow; flanked by one pair of narrow band-like sclerites. Basiphallus composed of two narrow, dark sclerites; left sclerite wrapped around shaft basally, right sclerite fused to phallophorus at base, with dorsal subbasal process before patch of minute spinules. Hypophallus narrow, dark, large and V-shaped with apex offset and paler; anterior margin of arms with one pair of serrated crests suspended in membrane. Paraphallus mostly a long, thickened membranous band from ventromedial margin of mesophallus to apex of basiphallus with one pair of pointed membranous distolateral processes; only sclerotized at point of insertion to mesophallus, forming one pair of flat, dark irregular plates with central fossa. Mesophallus membranous, bulb-like, fused to distiphallus, not much longer than wide, with subbasal attachment of duct and slight sclerotized patch at point of attachment to paraphallus. Distiphallus membranous, divided between two wide, short tubules about as long as mesophallus, with narrow sclerotized band on outer surface before flared apex. Ejaculatory apodeme small, atrophied; sperm pump mostly clear with sclerotized patches along surface adjacent to duct.

Comments. The male genitalia of the new species are only comparable to several species, two of which are known from Osmorhiza. Adults of Phytomyza osmorhizae Spencer from Ontario, Virginia, and Wisconsin (Spencer 1969, 1981; Spencer & Steyskal 1986) differ in being darker brownish to black with a brown (not yellow) frons, and the sclerites of the hypophallus are paddle-shaped. Phytomyza lanati Spencer from Alberta and California has a very similar phallus, including the serrated sclerotized membrane along the hypophallus, but the anterior ori is possibly vestigial or absent, the notum is almost matt gray, the face is gray, the antenna black, the orbital plate is dark and the frontal vitta is evenly pale.

Phytomyza ziziae spec. nov. is only known from Zizia, and the leaf mine is a linear-blotch with scattered frass rather than entirely linear with frass in closely spaced grains. It is essentially inseparable from P. hatfieldae externally, but the genitalia of P. ziziae differ slightly in that the right sclerite of the basiphallus has no dorsobasal process and there are no minute basal spinules, the hypophallus is more rounded with a smaller serrate carina, the lobe flanking the paraphallus is smaller, the paraphallus is less extensively sclerotized and the distiphallus is slightly longer and not apically flared (Figs. 396, 397).

The two other described Osmorhiza miners form linear mines that may be indistinguishable from those of P. hatfieldae. Apparently the puparium color differs; that of P. hatfieldae is medium brown, while that of P. osmorhizae is said to be black (Spencer 1969). Spencer & Steyskal (1986) likewise stated that the puparium of P. lanati is black, although this is suspect since Spencer (1981) made no mention of puparium color and Spencer & Steyskal do not appear to have examined additional material. There is also reason to doubt the identity of the California material reared from Osmorhiza and determined by Spencer (1981) as P. lanati, given that the holotype of P. lanati was supposedly reared from Heracleum maximum (the rest of the type series proving to be misidentified P. spondylii heracleiphaga (Spencer 1969)).