Ariadna obscura

Ariadna obscura (Blackwall, 1858) Figures 16‒17, 71

Dysdera obscura Blackwall, 1858: 334 (Immature holotype from Pernambuco, Brazil, should be deposited in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, England, destroyed, according to Beatty (1970: 480)).— Blackwall (1861: 446).— Petrunkevitch (1911: 132).— Bonnet (1956: 1632).

Ariadora campinensis Mello-Leitão, 1916: 13 (♀ holotype from Campina Grande [07°13'50"S; 35°52'52"W], Paraíba, Brazil, T. Leitão leg., should be deposited in MNRJ 1471, lost).— Mello-Leitão (1947: 234, Syn.).— Bonnet (1955: 732).— Moreira et al. (2010: 61).

Ariadna gracilis Vellard, 1924: 160, pl. 12, fig. 45 (♂ holotype from Caxias [04°51'32"S; 43°21'21"W], Maranhão, Brazil, should be deposited in Instituto Vital Brazil, lost).— Bonnet (1955: 732).— Beatty (1970: 479, figs 7, 28‒29, 33).— World Spider Catalog (2018).— NEW SYNONYMY.

Ariadna taperae Mello-Leitão, 1929: 93 (♀ holotype from Tapera (currently: Moreno, Bonança) [09°25'38"S; 40°44'15"W], Pernambuco, Brazil, B. Pickel leg., deposited in MNRJ 41478; Syntypes 1♂ 6♀ 3 immatures, same data from the holotype, deposited in MNRJ 1263; all examined).— Mello-Leitão (1947: 234, Syn.).

Ariadna conspersa Mello-Leitão, 1941: 256 (Immature holotype from Curitiba [25°25'47"S; 49°16'19"W], Paraná, Brazil, 10.I.1919, F. Lange de Morretes leg., deposited in MNRJ 14087, examined).— Beatty (1970: 483, as nomem dubium).— NEW SYNONYMY.

Ariadna obscura — Mello-Leitão (1943: 233, Transf. from Dysdera; 1947: 234).— Beatty (1970: 480).— World Spider Catalog (2018).

Ariadna taperana— Bonnet (1955: 737).

Synonymy. Beatty (1970) hypothesized the synonymy of A. obscura and A. gracilis due to morphological characteristics described by Blackwall (1858) and Vellard (1924), but did not confirm it due to the known distribution of both species, which despite of being recorded for the Brazillian northeast, also present records of A. gracilis for the State of Amazonas and Peru. In the present study, a wider distribution of A. obscura was found in comparison with the one presented by Beatty (1970), extending from east of Peru and center of State of Amazonas, to the south region of Brazil. Furthermore, after the examination of type specimens designated by Mello-Leitão (1929; 1947) and the original descriptions, it was observed that A. gracilis can be considered a junior-synonym of A. obscura, as well as A. taperae and A. conspersa, due to the macrosetae pattern of tibia I of females and the strong retrolateral apophysis in the metatarsi I of males, and also the same distribution area.

Additional material examined: BRAZIL: Amazonas State: Manaus [03°06'00"S; 60°01'48"W], Rio Tarumã- Mirim, 4♀ 5imm., 8.VIII‒6.IX.1987, H. Höfer leg. (SMNK 3093); Tefé [03°21'14"S; 64°42'39"W], 1♂, 1919, H.O. Parrish leg. (MCZ 46060); Pará State: Without specific locality, Casa, 12♀, Olevia leg. (NHM 949.20); 10♀ 2imm. (NHM 97.9.20.1287‒1307); Ilha de Marajó, Santo André [00°58'S; 49°34'W], 2♀, 14.IV.1912, Bluntschili leg. (AMNH); Belém [01°27'21"S; 48°30'16"W], 5♀ 1imm., VII.1954, N.L.H. Krauss leg. (AMNH); Piauí State: Castelo do Piauí [05°19'19"S; 41°33'10"W], 3♀ 1imm., 21‒23.VII.2012, L.S. Carvalho leg. (CHNFUPI 1586‒1589); Ceará State: Fortaleza, Bairro Benfica [03°44'36"S; 38°32'24"W], 1♂, 20.I.2008, S.C. Carvalho leg. (MPEG 11628); Fortaleza [03°47'08"S; 38°33'06"W], Campus of Universidade Estadual do Ceará, 3♀ 1imm., 13.IX.2012, A.M. Giroti leg. (IBSP 165434); Rio Grande do Norte State: Atol das Rocas [03°52'S; 33°49'W], 1♂ 2♀, 4.IX.1996, C.E. Almeida leg. (IBSP 12053); Paraíba State: Araruna, Parque Estadual Pedra da Boca, 228m (06°27'16.5''S; 35°40'45.5''W), 3♀, 1‒2. VI.2012, I.L.F. Magalhães & J.L. Chavari leg. (IBSP 165436); Soledade [07°02'11"S; 36°27'31"W], 1♀, 16.XI.1999, A.B. Kury & A. Giupponi leg. (MNRJ 6863); Juazeirinho, Planalto da Borborema [07°04'04"S; 36°34'40"W], 1♀, IX.1956, C. Gonçalves leg. (MNRJ 6427); Pernambuco State: without specific locality data, 3♀ (MACN-Ar 21367); Bom Jardim, proximidades da PE 0 90, 364m (07°50'03''S; 35°37'39.5''W), 2♀ 3imm., 29.V.2015, L.S. Carvalho leg. (CHNUFPI 1621); Buíque, Parque Nacional do Catimbau (08°28'46''S; 37°18'55.74''W), 1♀, 9.IV.2012, I.L.F. Magalhães et al. leg. (UFMG 11122); Tapera (currently: Moreno, Bonança) [09°25'38"S; 40°44'15"W], 1♂, B. Pickel leg. (MNRJ 14239); Bahia State: Mata de São João (12°31'49"S; 38°17'57"W), Fazenda Caramujipe, 1♂, 2006, C. Machado leg. (IBSP 85421); Salvador [12°58'16"S; 38°30'39"W], Barra, 1♀, IV.1992 (IBSP 17596); Salvador, 4♀ 1imm., VI.1954, N.L.H. Krauss leg. (AMNH); Santa Brígida [09°47'17,3"S; 38°15'42,4"W], Povoado de Colônia, 342m, 1♀, 21.V.2012, I.L.F. Magalhães & J.L. Chavari leg. (IBSP 165435); Una [15°17'36"S; 39°04'31"W], Reserva Biológica do Una, 4♀, 13.IV.1998, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 18283; 18318); Sergipe State: Laranjeiras [10°48'11"S; 37°10'10"W], Caverna Aventureiros, 1♀, 25.VII.2011, C. Donato et al. leg. (IBSP 165437); Laranjeiras, Gruta dos Orixás, 1♀, 12.XII.2010, C. Donato & P. Rocha leg. (IBSP 165439); 1♀1imm., 25.VII.2011, C. Donato et al. leg. (IBSP 165440); Laranjeiras, Pedra Furada, 1♀, 28.XI.2010, C. Donato et al. leg. (IBSP 165441); 1♀, 8.VI.2011, C. Donato et al. leg. (IBSP 165438); Espírito Santo State: Conceição da Barra [18°35'36"S; 39°43'56"W], Itaúnas, 1♀ 3imm., I.1999, C.A. Rheims leg. (IBSP 20498); São Mateus [19°23'27"S; 40°04'19"W], Reserva Florestal do Vale do Rio Doce, 3♀, 19‒25.VII.1997, A.D. Brescovit et al. leg. (IBSP 13016); Apiacá [21°09'14"S; 41°34'04"W], Fazenda Santa Maria, 1♀, 5.IX.1986, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 6410); 3♀, 5.X.1985, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 6414); Rio de Janeiro State: Bom Jesus de Itabapoana [21°08'02"S; 41°40'48"W], Chácara São Luís, 5♀, 6.X.1985, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 6404; 6418); 1♂, 15.VII.1986 (MNRJ 6408); Mendes [22°36'31"S; 43°43'58"W], 3♀ (MNRJ 1264); Nova Iguaçu [22°45'37"S; 43°26'51"W], 2♂, Bianc leg. (MNRJ 1279 /2061); Pinheiral [22°30'46"S; 44°00'03"W], 3♂, Mello-Leitão leg. (MNRJ 1271; 1272); Parati [23°13'21"S; 44°42'50"W], Centro, 1♂, 1.VI.1985, R.L.C. Baptista leg. (MNRJ 6401); São Paulo State: São Sebastião, Ilha de Alcatrazes [24°06'S; 45°41'W], 2♀, 4‒6.VII.1998, M.E. Callefo leg. (IBSP 19490); Paraná State: Guaraqueçaba, Serra Negra [25°09'56"S; 48°25'59"W], 4♀ 4imm., A. Mayer leg. (MNRJ 2058); 9♀ 1imm., VIII.1946 (MHCI 3375‒3382); Santa Catarina State: Bombinhas [27°07'54"S; 48°31'40"W], ARIE Costeira de Zimbros, 2♀ 2imm., 2.VIII.2011, A. Chagas et al. leg. (IBSP 165442); 1♀, A.L. Trivia & L. Malta leg. (IBSP 165443); Bombinhas, 1♂, 23.XII.1988, M.A.L. Marques leg. (MCN 18135); PERU: San Martín Region: Mishqui-Yacu, 1200 M.A. S.L., 20km NE Moyobamba [06°02'S; 76°58'W], 2♀, 16‒24.VIII.1947, F. Woytkowsky leg. (AMNH).

Diagnosis. Ariadna obscura is similar to A. tarsalis, A. arthuri, A. multispinosa, A. reginae n. sp. and A. aurea n. sp. due to the morphology of the male metatarsi I (Figs 16C‒E, 32C‒E, 38C‒E, 54C‒E, 56C‒E) and macrosetae pattern of the tibiae I‒II of females, but differ by the presence of males with metatarsi I with a strong ventroretrolateral apophysis bearing a slender macrosetae, and other prolateral shorter with a seed-shaped macrosetae (i.e. globous base with pointed tip) (Fig. 16C‒E); females differ by presenting a short dorsal lobe and an expanded ventral lobe and glandular ducts plate, both lobes not sinuous (Fig. 17C‒D).

Description. Male (IBSP 85421). Carapace and chelicerae orange (Fig. 16A). Endites orange; labium dark orange. Sternum orange, with darker margins (Fig. 16B). Palps light yellow (Fig. 17A‒B). Legs orange, with pairs I‒II darker. Femur, patellae and tibiae reddish. Tibia and metatarsus I‒II with dark pigment forming diffuse distal rings (Fig. 16C‒E). Abdomen light grey, darker dorsally (Fig. 16A‒B). Total length 4.92; carapace 2.68 long, 1.84 wide. Chelicerae projected (Fig. 16A). Palps: tibia slightly inflated, with the dorso-ventral diameter slightly larger than the bulb, bearing a slender prolateral macroseta; bulb small sub-rectangular, mid-portion and embolus of equal lengths; embolus tubular, curved and tapered (Fig. 17A‒B). Legs: robust and sparsely coated with setae (Fig. 16C‒E); tibia I with the one distal ventro-retrolateral macrosetae lanceolated (Fig. 16D‒E); metatarsi I with a group of short distinct setae in the proximal retrolateral region (Fig. 16D); tarsal brush of putative chemosensory setae present in legs I‒IV, but reduced in pair I. Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I femur 3.32, patella 1.0, tibia 2.76, metatarsus 2.28, tarsus 1.04, total 10.4; II 2.96, 1.0, 2.64, 2.44, 0.8, 9.84; III 2.08, 0.84, 1.48, 1.56, 0.64, 6.6; IV 2.36, 1.0, 1.92, 1.72, 0.72, 7.72. Macrosetae: I femur D0-1-0-1-0-1-0-2/1-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0-1-0; tibia P1-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-0-0-1-0-1-0, vr1-1-3/1-1-1/0-1-0-1(lanceolated), r1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus P0-0-0-0-0- 1(seed-shaped/apophysis)-0, vp1-0-0-0-0-0-1, vr0-0-0-1(apophysis)-0-0-1 (Fig. 16C‒E); II femur D0-1-0-1-0-1-0- 2-0, P0-0-0-0-0-1-0-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp0-0-0-0-1-1-0, vr1/2-1-1-1-0-1-0, R1-1-0-1-0-1-0; metatarsus vp1-0-0-0-1-0-1, vr1-0-0-0-1-0-1, R0-1-0-0-0-0-0; IV metatarsal comb with 3-4 macrosetae.

Female (IBSP 165434). Carapace and chelicerae brownish orange (Fig. 16F). Endites, labium and sternum as in male (Fig. 16G). Palps orange, with reddish tibia and tarsus. Legs orange, with pairs I‒II darker. Tibia I and metatarsus I‒II reddish. Dark pigment forming distal diffuse rings in tibia and metatarsus I‒II (Fig. 16H‒I). Abdomen as in male (Fig. 16F‒G). Total length 8.32; carapace 3.73 long, 2.44 wide. Chelicerae not projected (Fig. 16F). Legs: robust and cloated with setae; legs I‒II with ventro-prolateral and ventro-retrolateral tibial macrosetae of similar size, and metatarsal macrosetae of different size (Fig. 16H‒I). Leg formula: I-II-IV-III. Leg measurements: I, femur 2.88, patella 1.24, tibia 2.52, metatarsus 2.2, tarsus 0.64, total 9.48; II, 2.56, 1.32, 2.32, 2.12, 0.6, 8.92; III, 2.16, 1.04, 1.56, 1.52, 0.64, 6.92; IV, 2.84, 1.36, 2.4, 1.76, 0.68, 9.04. Macrosetae: I, femur D0- 0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-1-2-1-0; tibia P0-1-0-1-0-1-0, vp1-1-1-1-1-1-0, vr1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1, R0-1-0-1-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-0/1-1-1 (Fig. 16H‒I); II, femur D0-0-0-0-0-2-0, P0-0-0-1-0-0/1-0; tibia P0-1-0- 1-0-1-0, vp1-0/1-1-1-1-1-0/1-, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, R0-1-0-1-0-0-0; metatarsus vp1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1, vr1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 1; IV, metatarsal comb with 4 macrosetae. Internal genitalia: anterior receptaculum with short dorsal lobe (Fig. 17C‒D).

Variation. Male (n=10): Total length 4.48‒6.24; carapace 2.64‒3.2 long, 1.84‒2.28 wide; femur I, 2.84‒3.52. Female (n=10): Total length 6.72‒9.84; carapace 3.44‒4.36 long, 2.44‒2.96 wide; femur I, 2.68‒3.2.

Distribution. Northern to Southern Brazil, and Peru (San Martín) (Fig. 71).