Grammapsychops Martynova 1954
Creators
Description
Genus Grammapsychops Martynova, 1954
Grammapsychops Martynova, 1954: 1167, 1169 [Psychopsididae (sic)]; Carpenter 1992: 351 [Psychopsidae]; Oswald 1993b: 48 [Psychopsidae]; Andersen 2001: 435 [Psychopsidae s.l.: Group IV]; Makarkin & Archibald 2003: 177 [Psychopsidae?]; Jepson et al. 2009: 1330 [Osmylopsychopidae]; Peng et al. 2011: 218, 221, 225 [Psychopsidae]; Makarkin et al. 2012: 59 [Psychopsidae]; Makarkin & Khramov 2015: 411 [Osmylopsychopidae?]; Peng et al. 2016: 262 [Osmylopsychopidae?].
Grammopsychops [sic, misspelled]: Martynova 1962: 278 [Psychopidae (sic)]; Martins-Neto 1997: 70, 71 [Psychopsidae]; Martins-Neto & Rodrigues 2010: 6 [Psychopsidae].
Type species. Grammapsychops lebedevi Martynova, 1954, by original designation.
Diagnosis. In hind wing, costal space extremely broad, with numerous crossveins arranged mainly in several gradate series; ScP and RA connected distally by relatively long crossvein; R then basal part of RP very stout; posterior trace of RA with three long distal anteriorly-directed branches; RA space very narrow; branches of RP deeply dichotomously branched; RP1–RP6 stout proximally; RP1 shallowly forked; M forked basally, only slightly distad origin of RP1; CuA strongly pectinately branched, with very oblique branches; CuP with three long, very oblique branches; many crossveins in radial to cubital spaces arranged mainly in irregular gradate series.
Species included. Type species only.
Comments. The venation of the hind wing of Grammapsychops is most similar to those of two Cretaceous genera, i.e., Pulchroptilonia Martins-Neto, 1997 and Embaneura Zalessky, 1953. Zalessky (1953) interpreted the only known wing of E. vachrameevi as a forewing, but judging from its venation this is most probably a hind wing. Unfortunately, this cannot be verified due to the current depository of the holotype of E. vachrameevi Zalessky, 1953 being unknown. Grammapsychops easily differs from these genera by the presence of numerous crossveins in the costal space of the hind wing (no crossveins are present in Pulchroptilonia and Embaneura).
The hind wing of Grammapsychops is also similar to that of Alloepipsychopsis Makarkin et al., 2012 from the Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) Yixian Formation, but the latter has its RP1 deeply forked.
The hind wing venation of other genera of Psychopsidae (and Osmylopsychopidae) is dissimilar to that of Grammapsychops. Unfortunately, however, the hind wings are not known in all fossil genera of these families.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Psychopsidae
- Genus
- Grammapsychops
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Neuroptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Martynova
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Grammapsychops Martynova, 1954 sec. Makarkin, 2018
References
- Martynova, O. M. (1954) Neuroptera from the Cretaceous deposits of Siberia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 94, 1167 - 1169. [in Russian]
- Carpenter, F. M. (1992) Superclass Hexapoda. In: Moore, R. C. & Kaesler, R. L. (Eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Fol. 4. Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO and University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, pp. iii + 279 - 655.
- Oswald, J. D. (1993 b) Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of extant silky lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Psychopsidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 40, i-iii + 1 - 65.
- Andersen, S. (2001) Silky lacewings (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) from the Eocene-Paleocene transition of Denmark with a review of the fossil record and comments on phylogeny and zoogeography. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 32, 419 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631201 X 00290
- Makarkin, V. N. & Archibald, S. B. (2003) Family affinity of the genus Palaeopsychops Andersen with description of a new species from the Early Eocene of British Columbia (Neuroptera: Polystoechotidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96, 171 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2003) 096 [0171: FAOTGP] 2.0. CO; 2
- Jepson, J. E., Makarkin, V. N. & Jarzembowski, E. A. (2009) New lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup of southern England. Cretaceous Research, 30, 1325 - 1338. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2009.06.004
- Peng, Y. Y., Makarkin, V. N., Wang, X. D. & Ren, D. (2011) A new fossil silky lacewing genus (Neuroptera: Psychopsidae) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China. ZooKeys, 130, 217 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 130.1576
- Makarkin, V. N., Yang, Q., Peng, Y. Y. & Ren, D. (2012) A comparative overview of the neuropteran assemblage of the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China), with description of a new genus of Psychopsidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Cretaceous Research, 35, 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2011.11.013
- Makarkin, V. N. & Khramov, A. V. (2015) A new fossil species of snakeflies (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan, with notes on Turonian Neuropterida. Cretaceous Research, 52 (B), 407 - 415. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2014.02.010
- Peng, Y. Y., Makarkin, V. N. & Ren, D. (2016) Diverse new Middle Jurassic Osmylopsychopidae (Neuroptera) from China shed light on the classification of psychopsoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 14, 261 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2015.1042080
- Martynova, O. M. (1962) Superorder Neuropteroidea. In: Rohdendorf, B. B. (Vol. Ed.), Fundamentals of Paleontology. Arthropoda-Tracheata and Chelicerata. Academy of Science of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 269 - 282. [in Russian; English translation: (1991). In: Davis, D. R. (Ed.), Fundamentals of Paleontology. Fol. 9. Arthropoda, Tracheata, Chelicerata. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C., pp. 383 - 404]
- Martins-Neto, R. G. (1997) Neuropteros (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formacao Santana (Cretaceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, nordeste do Brasil. X - Descricao de novos taxons (Chrysopidae, Babinskaiidae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae e Psychopsidae). Revista Universidade de Guarulhos (Ciencias de Exatas e Technologicas), 2 (4), 68 - 83.
- Martins-Neto, R. G. & Rodrigues, V. Z. (2010) New neuropteran insects (Osmylidae, Palaeoleontidae, Araripeneuridae and Psychopsidae) from the Santana Formation, Early Cretaceous NE Brazil. Gaea, 6, 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.4013 / gaea. 2010.61.01
- Zalessky, G. M. (1953) New localities of Cretaceous insects in the Volga Region, Kazakhstan and Transbaikalia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 89, 163 - 166. [in Russian]