FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION OF LITERARY TEXT

  Lecturer of the chair “World Languages and Literature”

Аннотация

Ушбу мақолада бадиий матн таржимасининг асосий хусусиятлари муҳокама қилинган бўлиб, бадиий матнни таржима қилиш ва бошқа таржима турлари ўртасидаги асосий фарқлар келтирилади. Шунингдек, бадиий таржиманинг асосий мезонлари ва усуллари борасида сўз юритилади. Бадиий асар таржимасида таржимоннинг роли ва маҳорати ҳам алоҳида кўриб чиқилган.

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматриваются основные особенности литературного текста как объекта переводческой деятельности, определяется основное различие между переводом литературного текста и другими видами перевода. Определены основные критерии и методы литературного перевода, отдельно рассмотрены роль переводчика и формирование картины мира в переводах литературных произведений.

Annotation

This article discusses the main features of a literary text as an object of translation activity, defines the main difference between a literary text translation and other types of translation. The main criteria and methods of literary translation are identified, the role of the translator and the shaping of the world picture in translations of literary works are separately examined.

Literary translation is very different from other types of translation and requires creativity. Indeed, different people get excellent translations of one and the same phrase. Such a translation is a real art, since the effect is achieved by appropriate means, including rhythm, rhyme and alliteration. The translation itself has its own character”: the translator must keep the content of the original text and its meaning unchanged.

According to L. S. Barkhudarov, translation is “the transformation of a text in one language into a text in another language” [1, 226]. John C. Catford defines the concept of translation as replacing text material in one language with equivalent text material in another language [4, 94].

Translation of works of art is not an easy task, and only selected ones can be allowed to translate. The translator activates mental activity, artistic taste, broadens the horizons, deepens knowledge.

“Literary translation is a special type of intellectual activity in the process of which the translator establishes an informational correspondence between the language units of the source and the translating languages, which allows creating a foreign language analogue of the source literary text in the form of a secondary sign system that meets the literary and communicative requirements and linguistic habits of a society on a certain historical stage. "

Literal translation cannot reflect the depth and meaning of the text of a work. Therefore, a literary translation can be dramatically different from the original. The translator does not reproduce the literal text of the original, but how he himself understands this text. Consequently, literary translation is impossible without a comprehensive understanding of the original, and knowledge of a foreign language alone is not enough, special skill is needed - the ability to interpret the pun, the sense of language form, the ability to convey an artistic image.

An equivalent literary translation must satisfy the following requirements:

1. Fiction equivalent translation must be accurate.

2. Fiction equivalent translation should be concise.

3. Fiction equivalent translation should be clear.

4. Fiction equivalent translation must be literary.

A literary translation is inconceivable without means of design, which include:

• Dialectisms - they are used to translate curses, jargon, colloquial words with the obligatory preservation of stylistic coloring.
• Comparisons - with their help, it becomes possible to transfer phrases taking into account stylistic and structural features.
• Irony - allows you to compare the disparate and contrast express the features of speech.
• Metaphors - used to convey structural characteristics.
• Wordplay - allows you to convey the polysemy of speech in the original language.
• The syntactic specificity of the original text is a game in contrast: long and short sentences, a clear rhythm, etc.

Literary translation in most cases fluctuates between two extreme principles:

literally accurate, but artistically inferior translation and artistically complete, but far from the original, free translation. These two principles are reflected in two main points of view: the definition of translation from a linguistic and literary point of view.

The linguistic principle of translation, first of all, involves the reconstruction of the formal structure of the original. However, the proclamation of a linguistic principle as the main one can lead to excessive following in the translation of the original text - to a literal, linguistically accurate, but artistically weak translation, which would in itself be one of the varieties of formalism, when foreign language forms are accurately translated, stylization takes place according to the laws of a foreign language. In cases where the syntactic structure of the translated sentence can be expressed in the translation by similar means, the literal translation can be considered as the final version of the translation without further literary processing.

From the literary point of view, the translator's main driving force should be the idea inspired by the original, which forces him to look for adequate language means to reflect in the words of thought, that is, literary translation is an adequate correspondence to the original not in linguistic, but in aesthetic understanding.

Often a literary text appears to be multi-layered: deeper levels of symbols, images, ideas, etc. can appear beyond the surface level of a plot. That is why it is so difficult to translate a truly talented literary text. It has a lot of poorly transferable in a different cultural and aesthetic environment, and it is almost impossible to preserve the entire volume of artistic means and meaningful plans in their balance and interaction. That is why even the great translators and artists of the word went to extremes, denying the possibility of literary translation, and at the same time translation in general.

Therefore, a literary text as an object of translation has a number of distinctive properties that affect the process and quality of translation.

Translation of a literary text is a complex and multifaceted type of human activity, during which different cultures, different personalities, different ways of thinking; different literature, different eras, different traditions and attitudes collide.

The translation of a literary text is based on the transmission of thought, the content of the original, which is expressed once again in the translation, but with the help of other means that form another system of characters that have their own laws.