Efficacy of Clinical and Chest Radiography Features in Predicting Patient Prognosis in Children with COVID-19
- 1. Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
- 2. Department of Radiology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
- 3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey.
Description
Abstract
The findings of chest radiography (CXR) have not been confirmed in evaluating the prognosis of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to analyze the prognostic value of the CXR infiltration severity scoring system at the initial presentation of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Hospitalization and long-term data were recorded. The admission CXR data of 310 patients aged 1 month to 18 years who presented to our hospital between March 2020 and January 2021 with the diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test were included in the study. The CXR images of each patient were evaluated in terms of the presence, type and localization of lesions by a radiologist, and the lung severity scores were calculated. Clinical and laboratory variables were also noted. The relationship between clinical parameters, imaging findings and patient outcomes was statistically evaluated. The median age was 9.1±5.2 years, and 59.7% of the patients (185/310) were male. Abnormal CXR findings were found in 6.5% (20/310) of the patients. CT was performed in 25 patients (8.1%), of whom 20 had normal CT findings. The time between the onset of complaints and admission to the hospital was 2.8±1.1 days in patients with abnormal CXR findings 3.0±1.4 days in those with normal findings, indicating no statistically significant difference (p=0.58). The duration of hospital stay of the patients with abnormal and normal CXR findings was 9.75±2.6 vs 9.47±2.0 days, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.78). None of the patients required intubation, and all had a good prognosis. For patients aged 1 month-18 years presenting to the emergency department with COVID-19, CXR presents as a useful modality in the diagnosis of associated pneumonia and it has similar results compared with CT. Our results revealed that CXR could be used in symptomatic children to assess COVID-19 pneumonia. We suggest that CT should be used for the further analysis of possible pathologic findings or complications on CXR, if clinically indicated.
Özet
Pediatrik COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) hastalarında prognozun değerlendirilmesinde göğüs radyografisi (chest radiography, CXR) bulguları doğrulanmamıştır. Bu çalışmada COVID-19'lu çocuk hastaların ilk başvurularında CXR infiltrasyon şiddeti skorlama sisteminin prognostik değerini analiz etmeyi amaçladık. Hastaneye yatış ve uzun dönem verileri kaydedildi. Çalışmaya Mart 2020 - Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında gerçek zamanlı ters transkriptaz polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (RT-PCR) testi ile doğrulanmış COVID-19 tanısı ile hastanemize başvuran 1 ay ile 18 yaş arası 310 hastanın kabul CXR verileri dahil edildi. Her hastanın CXR görüntüsü lezyonların varlığı, lezyon tipi ve lokalizasyonu açısından bir radyolog tarafından değerlendirildi ve akciğer şiddet skorları hesaplandı. Klinik ve laboratuvar değişkenleri kaydedildi. Klinik parametreler, görüntüleme bulguları ve hasta sonuçları arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Medyan yaş 9.1±5.2 yıl idi ve hastaların %59.7’si (185/310) erkekti. Hastaların %6.5’inde (20/310) anormal CXR bulguları saptandı. Yirmi beş hastaya (8.1%) BT çekildi ve bunların 20'sinin BT görüntüleri normaldi. Şikayetlerin başlaması ile hastaneye başvuru arasındaki süre anormal ve normal CXR bulguları olan hastalarda sırasıyla 2.8±1.1 gün ve 3.0±1.4 gündü ve gruplar arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.58). Anormal ve normal CXR bulguları olan hastaların hastanede kalış süreleri sırasıyla 9.75±2.6'ya karşı 9.47±2.0 gündü ve fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.78). Hastaların hiçbiri entübasyona ihtiyaç duymadı ve tümünün prognozu iyi idi. COVID-19 ile acil servise başvuran 1 ay-18 yaş arası hastalarda, COVID-19 pnömonisi tanısında CXR yararlı bir modalite olup BT ile karşılaştırıldığında benzer sonuçlar sunmaktadır. Çalışma verilerimiz semptomatik çocuklarda COVID-19 pnömonisini değerlendirmede CXR’nin kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermekte olup, BT’nin CXR'deki olası patolojik bulguların veya komplikasyonların ileri değerlendirmesi için ve klinik olarak endike olduğunda kullanılmasını öneriyoruz.
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