The Impact of Heterogenous Ultra-dense Network Technologies on the Performance of 4G and 5GNetworks

The flood of applications that demand massive data has imposed a challenge for 5G cellular network in order to deliver high data rates, a better quality of service, and low energy consumption. Heterogenous ultra- dense networks are one of the major technologies to address such challenges. HUDNs play a big role in a cellular system. They deliver cost-effective coverage with low transmit power and high capacty to face the risen data and the high expectations of the user's performance. In this paper, we introduce the impact of small cells on the cellular system and the technologies the small cells utilize to make the cellular system faces the subscriber's demands. First, we discuss the fundamentals of used technologies in small cells. Next, we studied the small cell management. Then, self-organizing networks are studied. After that, we have reviewed the small cell's power consumption, mobility, and handover. Finally, the real-world experience of mm-waves and MIMO in 5G small cells.