Antibacterial wollastonite supported excellent proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells
- 1. Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
- 2. Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of General Chemical Engineering, Riga Technical University, Pulka St 3, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Kalku Street 1, LV-1658, Riga, Latvia
- 3. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- 4. Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Kalku Street 1, LV-1658, Riga, Latvia
- 5. Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- 6. School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK
- 7. Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, Tamil Nadu, India
- 8. Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
Description
Biocompatibility and bacterial infections are the primary concerns associated with the current bone graft substitutes. The application of wollastonite-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering becomes a novel subject of interest. In the present study, a single phasic wollastonite scaffold was synthesised using citric acid-based sol–gel combustion route. Its physicochemical characteristics, antibacterial properties as well as its biocompatibility and osteogenic induction effect on human bone marrow derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) are yet to be explored. The TGA/DTA, XRD and SEM/EDX confirmed the characteristics of wollastonite. The antibacterial test indicated wollastonite inhibition of 47.81% and 45.54% for gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and 47.04% and 46.07% for gram-negative, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains, respectively. The SEM micrographs demonstrated an excellent attachment of hBMSCs on wollastonite and comparable to commercial hydroxyapatite (cHA) scaffold. The alamar blue cell proliferation assay confirmed 1.7- and 1.8-fold significant increase in hBMSCs seeded on wollastonite and cHA scaffold, respectively, on day 14 as compared with day 1. The immunohistochemistry analysis on Type-I collagen (Col1) and Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) expression on day 14 confirmed the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs seeded on wollastonite and comparable with cHA scaffold. In conclusion, wollastonite scaffold has a greater potential to substitute bone grafts in orthopaedic applications.