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Published November 29, 2006 | Version v1
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Systematic Position of Trichadenotecnum enderleini (Roesler) (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Psocidae)

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Yoshizawa, Kazunori, Smithers, C. N. (2006): Systematic Position of Trichadenotecnum enderleini (Roesler) (Psocodea: "Psocoptera": Psocidae). Records of the Australian Museum 58 (3): 411-415, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.58.2006.1467, URL: https://journals.australian.museum/yoshizawa-and-smithers-2006-rec-aust-mus-583-411415/

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urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFC9FF8DFFE6FFB6E537FF935F51FFAE
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http://publication.plazi.org/id/FFC9FF8DFFE6FFB6E537FF935F51FFAE

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Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087F5FFE7FFB5E5D3FC205E35FD80 (URL)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5757271 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5757273 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5757275 (DOI)

References

  • Material examined. AUSTRALIA, NEW SOUTH WALES: 1♀, Lake Cathie, nr Port Macquarie, 12.v.1977, A.S. & C.N. Smithers; 233 1♀, Trial Bay Gaol, 12.v.1977, C.N. & A.S. Smithers; 333 3♀♀, Golden Hole, 10 km S. Stuarts Pt, 13.v.1977, C.N. & A.S. Smithers; 233, Broadwater Nat. Park, 6.v.1978, C.N. Smithers; 13, Wyrrabalong Nat. Park, 27.xi.1997, L. Wilkie; 1♀, Bola Creek, Nat. Park, 6.x.1965, A.S. Smithers.
  • Remarks. Ptycta enderleini is most similar to P. floresensis Endang, Thornton & New, 2002 in forewing markings (especially in the female), medially incised hypandrium, and apically elongated phallosome. In particular, the apically elongated phallosome is apomorphic and uniquely shared by P. floresensis and P. enderleini; this character state indicates their close affinity. Female structures of gonapophyses in P. enderleini, such as the narrow dorsal valve and lack of the posterior lobe of the external valve, are similar to P. verticalis Vaughan, Thornton & New, 1991 and P. merapiensis Endang, Thornton & New, 2002. However, P. enderleini can be easily distinguished from these species by the unique forewing markings and the hypandrial structures.
  • We conclude that P. enderleini cannot be assigned to the genus Trichadenotecnum because of lack of all apomorphies supporting the monophyly of the genus (Yoshizawa, 2001, 2003). For example, the forewing of P. enderleini lacks the six submarginal spots and opposing spots in cell r which characterize the genus Trichadenotecnum. Rather, presence of the paraproctal basal lobe in the male suggests that the species is related to the genus Copostigma Enderlein, 1903 (Smithers, 1985; Endang et al., 2002).
  • However, P. enderleini lacks an important apomorphic character of Copostigma, namely a cross vein connecting Rs and M in the forewing. In addition, the male genital structures in Psocidae are known to be highly variable and sometimes homoplasious (e.g.,Yoshizawa, 2004;Yoshizawa & Lienhard, 2004), and the paraproctal basal lobe observed in Copostigma and P. enderleini might also possibly have evolved independently; this should be tested on the basis of molecular phylogeny. Here, we place this species in the genus Ptycta Enderlein, 1925, following the treatment by Endang et al. (2002). Judging from the morphological features, the closest relative of P. enderleini is considered to be P. floresensis Endang, Thornton & New, 2002 (see remarks above). In addition, some species of Ptycta are known to possess the paraproctal basal lobe in males (e.g., Endang et al., 2002). Therefore, placement of P. enderleini under the genus Ptycta is considered to be the best solution at present. However, as mentioned by Lienhard & Smithers (2002) and Endang et al. (2002), the genus Ptycta now includes many heterogeneous species and is thus possibly polyphyletic. Therefore, its generic status and the higher systematics of the genus complex Clematostigma- Copostigma-Mecampsis-Ptycta must be revised by detailed morphological and molecular analyses based on a wide range of taxon sampling (Smithers, 1983; Lienhard & Smithers, 2002; Endang et al., 2002).
  • Australia is thus excluded from the distributional range of the genus Trichadenotecnum except for T. circularoides Badonnel, 1955 which was recorded from Queensland, Australia by Yoshizawa (2004). For the following reasons, it is considered that the species is probably introduced to Australia and is not native: (a) the species shows extremely broad distributional range (Mockford, 1993; Yoshizawa, 2001; Lienhard & Smithers, 2002); (b) Australian and Japanese populations of T. circularoides show completely identical gene sequences (cytochrome oxidase I, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5, 12S, 16S and 18S rDNA: Yoshizawa, unpublished data; those sequences of the Australian sample are available online at GenBank); (c) close relatives of the species are known only from Central and South America (Mockford, 1993; Yoshizawa, unpublished data).
  • Badonnel, A., 1955. Psocopteres de l'Angola. Publicacoes culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola 26: 1-267.
  • Endang, S.K., I.W.B. Thornton & T.R. New, 2002. The Psocidae (Insecta: Psocoptera) of Java and the eastern islands of Indonesia. Invertebrate Systematics 16: 107-176.
  • Enderlein, G., 1903. Die Copeognathen des indo-australischen Faunengebietes. Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici 1: 179-344.
  • Enderlein, G., 1909. Neue Gattungen und Arten nordamerikanischer Copeognathen. Bulletino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agrariae della R. Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura in Portici 3: 329-339.
  • Enderlein, G., 1925. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Copeognathen IX. Konowia 4: 97-108.
  • Lienhard, C., & C.N. Smithers, 2002. Psocoptera. World Catalogue & Bibliography. Instrumenta Biodiversitatis V, Museum d'histoire naturelle, Geneve, xli+1-745 pp.
  • Mockford, E.L., 1993. North American Psocoptera. Flora & Fauna Handbook No. 10, Florida: Sandhill Crane Press, xviii+455 pp.
  • Rambur, J.P., 1842. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Nevropteres. Paris, xvii+534 pp.
  • Roesler, R., 1943. Uber einige Copeognathengenera. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 104: 1-14.
  • Smithers, C.N., 1967. A catalogue of the Psocoptera of the world. Australian Zoologist 14: 1-145.
  • Smithers, C.N., 1977. The Psocoptera of Muogamarra Nature Reserve. Records of the Australian Museum 31(7): 251-306.
  • Smithers, C.N., 1983. A reappraisal of Clematostigma Enderlein with notes on related genera (Psocoptera: Psocidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 9(5): 71-79.
  • Smithers, C.N., 1985. Redefinition of Copostigma Enderlein (Psocoptera: Psocidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 13(3,4): 61-62.
  • Smithers, C.N., 1996. Psocoptera. In Zoological catalogue of Australia. Vol. 26. Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, Thysanoptera, ed.A. Wells, pp. 1-79. Melbourne: CSIRO publishing, xiii+418 pp.
  • Thornton, I.W.B., 1961. The Trichadenotecnum group (Psocoptera: Psocidae) in Hong Kong, with descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 112: 239-261.
  • Vaughan, P.J., I.W.B. Thornton & T.R. New, 1991. Psocoptera from southern Sumatra and West Java, Indonesia: Source faunas for colonisation of the Krakatau Islands. Treubia 30: 103-164.
  • Yoshizawa, K., 1998. A new genus, Atrichadenotecnum, of the tribe Psocini (Psocoptera: Psocidae) and its systematic position. Entomologica scandinavica 29: 199-209.
  • Yoshizawa, K., 2001. A systematic revision of Japanese Trichadenotecnum Enderlein (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Psocidae: Ptyctini), with redefinition and subdivision of the genus. Invertebrate Taxonomy 15: 159-204.
  • Yoshizawa, K., 2002. Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder Psocomorpha (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera'). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 371-400.
  • Yoshizawa, K., 2003. Two new species that are likely to represent the most basal clade of the genus Trichadenotecnum (Psocoptera: Psocidae). Entomological Science 6: 301-308.
  • Yoshizawa, K., 2004. Molecular phylogeny of major lineages of Trichadenotecnum and a review of diagnostic morphological characters (Psocoptera: Psocidae). Systematic Entomology 29: 383-394.
  • Yoshizawa, K., & C. Lienhard, 2004. Systematics of Trichadenotecnum (Psocoptera: Psocidae) in Hong Kong. Publicaciones Especiales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 20: 121-149.