State-led bricolage and the extension of collective governance: Hybridity in the Swiss skill formation system
Description
This paper explores the extension of collective governance to sectors without collective governance tradition. We introducethe concept of state-led bricolage to analyze the expansion of the Swiss apprenticeship training system – in which employerassociations fulll core collective governance tasks – to economic sectors in which training had previously followed a school-based and state-oriented logic. In deindustrializing societies, these sectors are key for the survival of collectively governedtraining systems. Through a mixed-methods analysis, we examine the reform process that led to the creation of new interme-diary organizations that enable collective governance in these sectors. In addition, we compare the organizational features ofthese organizations with the respective organizations in the traditional crafts and industry sectors. We nd that the new orga-nizations result from state-led bricolage. They are hybrid organizations that reect some of the bricoleur’s core policy goalsand critically build on the combination of associational and state-oriented institutional logics
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