Psolidae Forbes 1841
Creators
Description
Key to Australian species of Psolidae Forbes, 1841
1 Oral valves interradial if present; 10 tentacles............................................................... 2
- Oral valves radial; 15 tentacles.......................... Ceto cuvieria (Cuvier, 1817) (southern and western Australia)
2 Mid-body tube feet project through dorsal and lateral scales.................................................... 3
- Mid-body tube feet absent dorsally and laterally............................................................ 15
3 “Thorn” ossicles present in body wall and tentacles........................................................... 4
- Body wall and tentacles lacking “thorn ossicles”............................................................ 5
4 Mid-ventral radial series of tube feet present; buttons and rosettes present in dorsal and lateral ossicles, lacking spires on dorsal and lateral multi-layered ossicles; live and preserved colour “black”............................................................................................. Psolidium nigrescens H. L. Clark, 1938 (central New South Wales)
- Lacking mid-ventral radial series of tube feet; buttons and rosettes not present in dorsal and lateral ossicles, calcareous spires present on dorsal and lateral multi-layered ossicles; live and preserved colour not “black”................................................................................... Psolidium parmatum (Sluiter, 1901) (NW Australia slope)
5 Dorsal and lateral scales with spires/pillars (not lumps)........................................................ 6
- Dorsal and lateral scales lacking spires/pillars, some species with surface lumps on the scales......................... 7
6 Dorsal and lateral scales predominantly multi-layered ossicles, each with up to two thick, spinous spires, distally digitiform; lacking mid-ventral radial series of tube feet........................ Psolidium oloughlini sp. nov. (southern Australia)
- Dorsal and lateral scales lacking multi-layered ossicles, single-layered, thick, perforated plates with predominantly single, marginal, digitiform spires; mid-ventral radial series of tube feet present............................................................................................ Psolidium spinuliferum (H. L. Clark, 1938) (N and W Australia)
7 Body wall with cupped crosses and/or cups................................................................. 8
- Body wall lacking cupped crosses and/or cups.............................................................. 14
8 Cupped crosses and/or cups in sole of 2 size ranges........................................................... 9
- Cupped crosses and/or cups in sole of 1 size............................................................... 10
9 Rosettes present in dorsal body wall and tentacles; smaller cupped crosses and cups up to 32 μm long; sole with irregular thick perforated plates, knobbed on surface and margin........... Psolidium marshae O'Loughlin & Maric, 2008 (SW Australia)
- Rosettes absent from dorsal body wall and tentacles; smaller cupped crosses and cups up to 24 μm long; sole with smooth per-
forated plates............................................. Psolidium minutum (H.L. Clark, 1938) (E Tasman Sea) 10 Dorsal and lateral cups shallow, completely covered by fine spinelets, including the cross; lacking mid-ventral radial series of tube feet................................. Psolidium mccallumae O'Loughlin & Maric, 2008 (Western Australia slope)
- Dorsal and lateral cups and cupped crosses not shallow; spinelets on rim of cup or distally on branches of cupped cross, not on cross; mid-ventral radial series of tube feet present.......................................................... 11
11 Body wall with predominantly cups, fewer cupped crosses.................................................... 12
- Body wall with predominantly cupped crosses, fewer cups.................................................... 13
12 Knobbed plates in sole; tentacle rosettes small, up to 40 μm long; body rounded ventrally in transverse section............................................................ Psolidium berentsae O'Loughlin & Maric, 2008 (NE Queensland)
- Perforated plates in sole predominantly smooth; tentacle rosettes large, up to 80 μm long; body flat ventrally............................................................... Psolidium laperousazi O'Loughlin & Maric, 2008 (SE Australia)
13 Knobbed perforated plates in sole; irregular perforated plates in tentacles..................................................................................... Psolidium hutchingsae O'Loughlin & Maric, 2008 (N New South Wales)
- Perforated plates in sole predominantly smooth; tentacles lack irregular perforated plates............................................................................................ Psolidium ravum Hickman, 1962 (SE Australia)
14 Lacking series of mid-ventral radial tube feet; dorsal and lateral tube feet inconspicuous in mid-body; dorsal and lateral scales coarsely granuliform............................ Psolidium granuliferum H.L. Clark, 1938 (southern to SW Australia)
- Mid-ventral radial tube feet present as scattered series; dorsal and lateral tube feet conspicuous in mid-body; dorsal and lateral scales finely granuliform............................. Psolidium karenae O'Loughlin & Maric, 2008 (South Australia)
15 Dorsal and lateral scales microscopically smooth; digitiform oral scales interspersed with larger oral scales; very low, flattened profile............................................................ Psolus springthorpei sp. nov. (Queensland)
- Dorsal and lateral scales granuliform; lacking digitiform oral scales interspersed with larger oral scales or valves; low to domed profile....................................................................................... 16
16 Dorsal and lateral scales coarsely granuliform; either cups or half-cylinders present in dorsal ossicles.................. 17
- Dorsal and lateral scales finely granuliform; lacking either cups or half-cylinders in dorsal ossicles.................... 18
17 Macroscopically visible dome-like lumps on dorsal and lateral scales; half-cylinders present but lacking cups in dorsal ossicles................................ Psolus salottii sp. nov. (Great Australian Bight - South Australia to Macquarie Island)
- Macroscopically visible thick granules (not dome-like lumps) on dorsal and lateral scales; cups present but lacking half-cylinders in dorsal ossicles....................................................... Psolus steuarti sp. nov. (Victoria)
18 Little to no encroaching on oral valves by body wall scales; multi-layered ossicles and perforated plates present dorso-laterally, lacking bowl ossicles in sole........ Psolus antarcticus (Philippi, 1857) (Magellan Strait, Macquarie Island, South Georgia)
- Encroaching on oral valves by body wall scales; multi-layered ossicles only present dorso-laterally, bowl ossicles present in sole......................................................... Psolus parantarcticus sp. nov. (Macquarie Island)
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Related works
- Is part of
- Journal article: 10.5281/zenodo.278771 (DOI)
- Journal article: http://publication.plazi.org/id/9A393E3BDB16FFC9FFDBFFC4FF89FFBD (URL)
- Is source of
- https://sibils.text-analytics.ch/search/collections/plazi/66004643DB17FFCBFF4CFB6EFA15FBEA (URL)
Biodiversity
- Family
- Psolidae
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Dendrochirotida
- Phylum
- Echinodermata
- Scientific name authorship
- Forbes
- Taxon rank
- family
- Taxonomic concept label
- Psolidae Forbes, 1841 sec. Mackenzie & Whitfield, 2011
References
- Forbes, E. (1841) A history of British starfishes and other animals of the class Echinodermata. John van Voorst: London. 267 pp.
- Cuvier, G. (1817) Le regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparee. Deterville, Paris, Volume 4, 255 pp., 16 pls.
- Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 55, 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs.
- Sluiter, C. P. (1901) Die Holothurien der Siboga - Expedition. Siboga- Expeditie, Buchhandlung en Druckerei v. E. J. Brill: Leiden, 44, 1 - 142, 10 pls.
- O'Loughlin, P. M. & Maric, D. (2008) Australian species of Psolidium Ludwig (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Psolidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 65, 1 - 22.
- Hickman, V. V. (1962) Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 96, 49 - 72, 2 pls, 186 figs.
- Philippi, A. (1857) Vier neue Echinodermen des Chilenschen Meeres. Archiv Naturgeschicht, 23, 130 - 34.