Silpha perforata Gebler 1832

Silpha perforata Gebler, 1832

Specimens examined. CHINA: Jilin: 151 exs., Mt. Daheishan, 500 m in alt., Gongzhuling city, 43.40˚ N 124.10 ˚E, 5– 13. VII. 2008 (CMN). JAPAN: Hokkaido: 2 exs., Ezo [=Hokkaido], “J Harmand 1901” (NMNH); Sôya-shichô: 1 ex., Midori [ca. 45.38˚ N 141.68 ˚E], Wakkanai-shi, 25. VIII. 1985, Y. Nagao leg. (CMN); 15 exs., same locality and collecter, 2. VIII. 1986 (CMN); 12 exs., same locality and collecter, 17. VIII. 1986 (CMN); Rumoi-shichô: 3 exs., Shiwonuma [Shimonuma; ca. 45.04˚ N 141.76 ˚E], Teshio, VII. 1972, N. Togashi leg. (NHMHU); Abashiri-shichô: 4 exs., Mt. Monbetsu-yama [ca. 44.34˚ N 143.32 ˚E], Monbetsu-shi, 7. VII. 2002, N. Shibata leg. (CMN); 2 exs., Tokoro-iseki [ca. 44.12˚ N 144.05 ˚E], Kitami-shi, 1. V. 2001, N. Inahata leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Abashiri-ko [ca. 44.00˚ N 144.18 ˚E], Memanbetsu-chô, 12. VI. 1993, A. Izumi leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Memanbetsu [ca. 43.91˚ N 144.18 ˚E], 17. VII. 1973, K. Maruyama leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Shari [ca. 43.91˚ N 144.68 ˚E], 17. VII. 1976, M. Sato leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Mt. Rausu-dake [ca. 44.08˚ N 145.13 ˚E], 25. VII. 1958, S. Tsuyuki leg. (CMN); 1 ex., same locality, 1–2. VIII. 1971, M. Nishikawa leg. (trap) (CMN); 2 exs., same locality, 27. VII. 1981, T. Kinoshita leg. (CMN); Kamikawa-shichô: 1 ex., Yukomabetsu [ca. 43.65˚ N 142.79 ˚E], Higashikawa-chô, 4. VIII. 1979, T. Matsumoto leg. (CMN); Ishikarishichô: 2 exs., Otamoi [ca. 43.23˚ N 140.96 ˚E], Otaru-shi, 21 & 22. VI. 2003, K. Seya leg. (CMN); 4 exs., Mt. Tengu-yama [ca. 43.17˚ N 140.97 ˚E], Otaru-shi, 1 & 14. VI. 1996, K. Seya leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Atsubetsu [ca. 43.02˚ N 141.51 ˚E], Sapporo-shi, 8. V. 1987, M. Ôhara leg. (CMN); 2 exs., Maruyama [ca. 43.05 N 141.31 ˚E], Sapporo-shi, 16 & 17. VIII. 1963, T. Okumura leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Mt. Moiwa-yama [ca. 43.02˚ N 141.32 ˚E], Sapporo-shi, 28. VI. 1969, K. Masumoto leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Sapporo-shi, 21. VII. 1970, M. Sato leg. (CMN); 2 exs., Hôhei-kyô [ca. 42.91˚ N 141.16 ˚E], 30. VI. 1990, S. Ueno leg. (CMN); 3 exs., Nakayama-tôge [ca. 42.86˚ N 141.10 ˚E], nr. Sapporo, 15. VI. 1970, K. Masumoto leg. (CMN); 14 exs., same locality, 12. VI. 1971, K. Masumoto leg. (CMN); 7 exs., same locality, 10. VI. 1973, K. Masumoto leg. (CMN); Tokachi-shichô: 2 exs., Mitsumata [ca. 43.51˚ N 143.15 ˚E], 29. VII. 1982, T. Kinoshita leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Horoka, 600 m in alt. [ca. 43.47˚ N 143.13 ˚E], Kamishihoro, 30. VI. 1985, M. Kanbe leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Ashoro [ca. 43.25˚ N 143.56 ˚E], 1. V. 1970, K. Maruyama leg. (CMN); Kushiro-shichô: 1 ex., Shirarutoro-numa [ca. 43.19˚ N 144.50 ˚E], Shibecha-chô, 5. VI. 1993, A. Izumi leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Takkobu-numa [ca. 43.10˚ N 144.48 ˚E], 7. VI. 1993, A. Izumi leg. (CMN); 6 exs., Otanoshige [ca. 43.01˚ N 144.26 ˚E], 29. VII. 1970, N. Yasuda leg. (CMN); Shiribeshi-shichô: 4 exs., Shimamaki-mura [ca. 42.70˚ N 140.11 ˚E], 14, 23. X. 1994, K. Nakajima leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Mt. Niseko-anupuri [ca. 42.87˚ N 140.60 ˚E], 16. VIII. 1971, M. Nishikawa leg. (trap) (CMN); Iburi-shichô: 2 exs., Utonai [ca.42.70˚ N 141.69 ˚E], Tomakomai, 10. VII. 1968, Akiyama leg. (CMN); Hidaka-shichô: 4 exs., Higashikawa [ca. 42.47˚ N 142.33 ˚E], Niikappu-chô, 6. VIII. 2001, N. Shibata leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Mt. Apoi-dake [ca. 42.11˚ N 142.99 ˚E], 4. IV. 1965, T. Okumura leg. (CMN); 2 exs., same locality, 2. VIII. 1970, M. Yamanaka leg. (CMN); Oshima-shichô: 1 ex., Niyama [ca. 41.93˚ N 140.63 ˚E], Nanae-chô, 7. VII. 1963, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex. (teneral), Yokotsu-dake [ca. 41.93˚ N 140.77 ˚E], Nanae-chô, 15. IX. 1968, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex., same locality and collecter, 30. VII. 1970 (CMN); 2 exs., same locality and collecter, 28. VI. 1970 (CMN); 3 exs., Mt. Hakamakoshi-dake, 900 m in alt. [ca. 41.92˚ N 140.79 E], Nanae-chô, 14 & 16. VIII. 1993, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 3 exs., Narukawa-rindô [ca. 41.91˚ N 140.74 ˚E], Nanae-chô, 29. VII. 1990, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Ôkawa-rinô, 500 m in alt. [ca. 41.89˚ N 140.76 ˚E], Nanae-chô, 16. VIII. 1993, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Sasanagare [ca. 41.84˚ N 140.77 ˚E], Akagawa, Hakodate-shi, 28. VII. 1990, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex. (teneral) + 1 larva, Moheji [probable type locality of S. venatoria; ca. 41.82˚ N 140.53 ˚E], Kamiiso-chô, 13. VIII. 2002, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Mt. Esan [ca. 41.82˚ N 141.15 ˚E], Todohhokke-mura, 7. VIII. 1969, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Mizunashi-onsen [ca. 41.81˚ N 141.18 ˚E], Todohhokke-mura, 26. VII. 1990, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 1 ex. + 2 larvae, same locality and collecter, 14–15. VIII. 1995 (traps) (CMN); 2 exs., Hakodate, “A. Grouvelle coll. 1915” (NMNH); 1 ex., Hakodate, [J. H.] Leech leg. (NMNH); 1 ex., Hakodate, VIII. 1886, [J. H.] Leech leg. (NMNH); 1 ex., Mt. Hakodate-yama [ca. 41.76˚ N 140.71 ˚E], Hakodate-shi, 10. VIII. 1964, K. Sato leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Mt. Daisengen-dake, 300 m in alt. [ca. 41.57˚ N 140.20 ˚E], Fukushima-chô, 24. VIII. 1986, M. Nishikawa leg. (carrion trap) (CMN); 1 ex., Wakimoto [ca. 41.56˚ N 140.42 ˚E], Shiriuchi-chô, 8. VIII. 1971, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN); 4 exs., Shinrin-kôen, 20 m in alt. [ca. 41.49˚ N 140.26 ˚E], Fukushima-chô, 23. VIII. 2004, M. Nishikawa leg. (CMN). MONGOLIA: 6 exs., Tsenkher [Tsenher; 47.22˚ N 101.75 ˚E]–Jiguur, 20 km SE Tsetserleg, Arhangay Aimak, 7–9. VII. 1998, Y. Takahashi leg. (CMN); 4 exs., Manzuhir [=Manzushir near Zuumod 40 km S Ulaanbaatar], 29. VI. & 1. VII. 2006, Y. Kondo leg. (CMN). RUSSIA: Buryatiya: 5 exs., near Mondy [ca. 51.67˚ N 100.99 ˚E], 1,600 m in alt., Mt. Khulugaisha, 12. VI. 1982 & 4. VII. 1998, E. Berlov leg. (CMN); 2 exs., Mondy Vill., 1,800 m in alt., Tunkinskie Golzy, 8. VI. 2002, no collector’s name (CMN); Irkutsk Prov.: 4 exs., Kochergat, env. Irkutsk [ca. 52.30˚ N 104.30 ˚E], 14. VII. 1990, O. Berlov leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Archa-Bat Riv., Irkutsk region, 13. VIII. 1995, no collector’s name (CMN); 2 exs., Angasolka nr. Kultuk [ca. 51.75˚ N 103.74 ˚E], Lake Baikal, 15. VI. 1979, E. Berlov leg. (CMN); 12 exs., nr. Angasolka, 500 m in alt., 5–12. VIII. 2001, M. Nishikawa leg. (carrion traps) (CMN). Khabarovsky Kray: 1 ex., lower Amur, VI.1966, Maslov leg. (KPM); 4 exs., near Gorny Vill. [ca. 50.75˚ N 136.4 ˚E], 18.VII.1992, no collector’s name (CMN); 31 exs., Nikolayevsk-na-Amure, 0–200 m in alt., mouth of Amur Riv., 13–14.VII.1996, Y. Nagahata leg. (CMN); 36 exs., Nikolayevsk-na-Amure [ca. 53.14˚ N 140.73 ˚E], 14.VII.1996, Y. Nagahata leg. (CMN); 8 exs., Silinsky Park, Komsomolsk-na-Amure [ca. 50.55˚ N 137.0 ˚E], 3, 9 & 13. VII. 1985, G. Solodovnikova leg. (IBPV); 10 exs., Gornoe, Komsomolsk, 17. VII. 1997, Y. Takahashi leg. (CMN); Primorsky Kray: 1 ex., no locality data, 8.VI.1966, M. Okhotina leg. (IBPV); 365 exs., Vysokogorsk [44˚24'15.12"N 135˚24'06.38"E], 800 m in alt., N. Sikhote Alin Range, 5–8. VII. 1996, Y. Nagahata leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Airport, Edinka near Samarga Riv. [ca. 47.24˚ N 138.81 ˚E], 11. VII. 1969, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., mouth of Odui Riv. (a tributary of Samarga Riv.), mixed forest, 23. VII. 1969, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Platonovo- Alexandrovskoye (3 km W Lake Khanka) [ca. 45.05˚ N 132.00 ˚E], Khankaisky Distr., 3. VII. 1974, P. Ler leg. (IBPV); 3 exs., Kordon Zimoveyny (mixed forest), Sikhote-Alin Preserve, vic. Ternei [ca. 45.05˚ N 136.61 ˚E], 28– 29. VII. 1998, V. Kuznetzov leg. (IBPV); 3 exs., Maisa River Valley (mixed forest), 25 km NW Ternei, 29. V. 2001, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 3 exs., 7 km W Gornoe Vill. [ca. 44.84˚ N 133.95 ˚E], Bolshaya Elduga Riv., 31. V–2. VI. 1976, A. Plutenko leg. (IBPV); 2 exs., Odarka Riv. [ca. 44.60˚ N 132.76 ˚E], Spassky Distr., 2. VI. 1961, K. Sinchilina leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Kordonka Riv. (middle current) [ca. 44.40˚ N 131.37 ˚E], Pogranichny Distr., 1968, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Suputinsky Preserve [=Ussuriysky Preserve; ca. 43.80˚ N 132.01 ˚E], Ussuriysky Distr., 5. VI. 1960, O. Kovalev leg. (IBPV); 4 exs., same locality, 18–19 & 21. VII. 1966, M. Kastsheyev leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Ussuriysky Preserve, 5. IX. 1973, A. Kurentzov leg. (IBPV); 9 exs., Lazo env. [ca. 43.37˚ N 133.90 ˚E], Lazovsky Distr., 3–17. VII. 2002, no collector’s name (CMN); 18 exs., Kravtzovka [ca. 43.36˚ N 131.61 ˚E], Khasansky Distr., 12. VI. 2003, Y. Nagahata leg. (CMN); 2 exs., mouth of Suyfun Riv. [ca. 43.35˚ N 131.80 ˚E], 14. IV. 1968, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Khmelnitzoye Vill.[ca. 43.29˚ N 133.12 ˚E], Partizansky Distr., 13. VII. 1979, N. Pastshenko leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Barabash Vill. [ca. 43.20˚ N 131.48 ˚E], Khasansky Distr., 27. VII. 1976, S. Storozhenko leg. (IBPV); 18 exs., Barabash, Khasansky Distr., 12. VI. 2003, Y. Nagahata leg. (CMN); 16 exs., Alimovka Riv. [not located], Khasansky Distr., 12. VI. 2003, Y. Nagahata leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Kangauz St. [=Anisimovka; ca. 43.16˚ N 132.79 ˚E], Mt. Livadiyskaya, Shkotovsky Distr., 19. VII. 1966, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 525 exs, Anisimovka, (Shkotovsky Distr.), south of Sikhote Alin Range, 14, 16–18. VII. 1998, Y. Nagahata leg. (CMN); 3 exs., Vladivostok [43.12˚ N 131.90 ˚E], 10. VII. 1992, no collector’s name (CMN); 4 exs., Bolshoi Pelis Is. in Petra Velikogo Bay, 10–11. V. 1966, 17. V. 1966 & 10. VI. 1966, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Kedrovaya Pad Preserve [ca. 43.06˚ N 131.61 ˚E], Khasansky Distr., 8. IX. 1975, A. Egorov leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., same locality, 23. VII. 1976, H. Kyrzenko leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Peishula Vill. [= Lesnoi Kordon; ca. 42.97˚ N 131.89 ˚E], Shkotovsky Distr., 15–17. VI. 1966, Yu. Nazarov leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., same locality, 10. VIII. 1966, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 4 exs., Mt. Golubiny Utyos, 4 km E Khasan Vill. [ca. 42.42˚ N 130.65 ˚E], Khasansky Distr., 26. V & 25. VII. 1972, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., same locality & collector (meadow near sea shore), 31. V. 1972, (IBPV); 2 exs., same locality, 1–7. VII. 1976, Kazykhanova leg. (IBPV); 2 exs., vic. Mt. Golubiny Utyos, 4 km E Khasan Vill., Khasansky Distr., 23. V & 29. VII. 1972, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); Sakhalin Prov.: Sakhalin Is.: 1 ex., near Khrebtovy Riv., 6–7. VII. 2002, no collector’s name (CMN); 9 exs., Smirnych [ca. 49.75˚ N 142.83 ˚E], 6. VII. 1992, Y. Tezuka leg. (CMN); 7 exs., Mt. Chekhov [ca. 47.00˚ N 142.84 ˚E], env. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 5–7. VI. 1990 & 29. VII–2. VIII. 1991, E. Berlov leg. (CMN); 2 exs., nr. Lugovoye [ca. 47.02˚ N 142.72 ˚E], Bureya River Valley, 1. VI. 1990, E. Berlov leg. (CMN); 1 ex., Konuma [=Novoaleksandrovsk; ca. 47.05˚ N 142.73 ˚E], 10. V. 1934, Sakhalin Central Exp. St. leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., same locality, 8. VI. 1939, K. Endo leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., vicinity of Aniva Town [ca. 46.72˚ N 142.53 ˚E], 25. VII. 1953, G. Kryvolutskaya leg. (IBPV); 5 exs., Aniva, 18. VII. 1995, Y. Takahashi leg. (CMN); Iturup Is.: 2 exs., Lesozavodsk Vill. [ca. 44.76˚ N 147.20 ˚E], 12. VIII. 1975 & 22. VIII. 1975, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Dobroye Nachalo Bay [ca. 44˚43'N 147˚12'E], 10. VIII. 1975, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); Kunashir Is.: 11 exs., Kunashir Is., VIII. 1992, no collector’s name (CMN); 1 ex., Aljokhino–Sernovodsk [43˚55'N 145˚32'E], 27. VIII. 1963, G. Lafer leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Golovnino Vill. [ca. 43.73˚ N 145.51 ˚E](under logs), 8. IX. 1976, V. Kuznetzov leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Golovnina Volcano, Lake Goryacheye (mixed forest), 13. IX. 1976, V. Kuznetzov leg. (IBPV); 1 ex., Dubovoye Vill. [not located], broad-leaved forest, 9. IX. 1976, V. Kuznetzov leg. (IBPV). SOUTH KOREA: Ulleung-do Is.: 13 exs., Mt. Songinbong (984 m in alt.) [ca. 37.40˚ N 130.60 E], 9–18. VII. 2008 (CMN).

APPENDIX 3. Morphometric data (mean ± SD, mm) for Silpha longicornis Portevin specimens collected from each

site. Number of specimens with dark body color, punctate form or flat form are given as proportion. Sample sizes are

shown in parentheses.

Male

......continued on the next page

APPENDIX 3. (continued)

Male ......continued on the next page

APPENDIX 3. (continued)

Male ......continued on the next page APPENDIX 3. (continued)

Male

Proportion of Site

Locality No BL PW PL EW EL Dark Punctate Flat 3 17.3(1) 9.3(1) 6.4(1) 10.2(1) 10.9(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 7 19.7±0.88(5) 10.1±0.38(5) 7.2±0.21(5) 10.6±0.65(5) 12.4±0.72(5) 1(5) 1(5) 0.6(5) 9 17±0.43(5) 9±0.23(5) 6.3±0.1(5) 10.2±0(4) 10.7±0.35(5) 1(3) 1(4) 0.25(4) Female ......continued on the next page

APPENDIX 3. (continued)

Female ......continued on the next page

APPENDIX 3. (continued)

Female 2 17.3(1) 8.9(1) 6.4(1) 10.6(1) 10.9(1) 0(1) 1(1) 0(1) 3 18±0.61(11) 9±0.31(11) 6.4±0.2(11) 10.6±0.36(11) 11.6±0.5(11) 1(11) 1(11) 0(11) 4 19.3(1) 9.8(1) 6.9(1) 11.3(1) 12.4(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1)

Yatsu-ga- 1 16.9±0.79(10) 8.2±0.37(10) 6±0.27(10) 9.4±0.4(10) 10.9±0.53(10) 1(10) 1(10) 0.2(10)

take

4 17.5(1) 8.4(1) 6(1) 9.5(1) 11.5(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 5 16.2(1) 8.2(1) 5.8(1) 8.4(1) 10.4(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 6 18.1±0.39(2) 9.2±0.13(2) 6.6±0(2) 9.6±0.26(2) 11.6±0.39(2) 1(2) 0.5(2) 0(2) 7 16.9±0.76(3) 8.3±0.1(3) 5.8±0.19(3) 9.5±0.37(3) 11±0.64(3) 1(3) 0(3) 0(3) 8 19.1(1) 9.1(1) 6.6(1) 10.2(1) 12.6(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 9 18.6(1) 8.7(1) 6.4(1) 9.1(1) 12.2(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 10 17.9±0.44(6) 9±0.36(6) 6.5±0.32(6) 10±0.2(6) 11.5±0.26(6) 0.33(6) 1(6) 0(6) 11 17.7(1) 8.6(1) 6.4(1) 9.8(1) 11.3(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 12 16.6(1) 8.2(1) 5.6(1) 9.1(1) 10.9(1) 1(1) 1(1)

13 18.4(1) 9.8(1) 6.6(1) 10.9(1) 11.8(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1)

Kantô 1 17.6±0.64(10) 8.7±0.3(10) 6.2±0.17(10) 9.8±0.23(10) 11.4±0.48(10) 0.9(9) 0(10)

Mountains

2 17.1±0.57(17) 8.7±0.55(17) 6.1±0.22(17) 9.7±0.42(17) 10.9±0.47(17) 1(17) 0.94(17) 0(17) 3 17.1±0.39(6) 8.5±0.25(6) 6±0.23(6) 9.7±0.19(6) 11.1±0.31(6) 1(6) 0.5(6) 0.17(6) 4 17.5(1) 8.7(1) 6.4(1) 9.8(1) 11.1(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 5 16.8(1) 8.2(1) 6(1) 9.5(1) 10.7(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 6 16.4(1) 7.8(1) 5.5(1) 9.1(1) 10.9(1) 0(1) 1(1) 0(1) 7 15.4±0.52(28) 7.6±0.21(28) 5.5±0.18(28) 8.5±0.34(28) 9.9±0.43(28) 0.14(28) 0.71(28) 0(28) 8 18.2±0.98(5) 8.9±0.46(5) 6.4±0.38(5) 9.6±0.76(5) 11.7±0.69(5) 0.4(5) 1(5) 0(5) 9 16.3±0.13(2) 8±0.25(2) 5.6±0(2) 9.1±0(2) 10.7±0.13(2) 1(2) 1(2) 0(2) 10 17±0.77(6) 8.2±0.31(6) 5.9±0.15(6) 9±0.36(6) 11±0.64(6) 0.17(6) 1(6) 0(6) 11 18±0.56(5) 9±0.33(5) 6.4±0.2(5) 9.9±0.54(5) 11.6±0.47(5) 1(5) 1(5) 0(5) 12 18.1±0.58(12) 8.8±0.22(12) 6.4±0.2(12) 9.9±0.26(12) 11.7±0.43(12) 1(12) 1(12) 0(12) 13 17.3±0.68(27) 8.5±0.46(27) 6.2±0.23(27) 9.5±0.41(27) 11.1±0.49(27) 0.78(27) 0.93(27) 0(27) 14 18±0.98(12) 8.7±0.5(12) 6.3±0.2(12) 9.7±0.5(12) 11.7±0.82(12) 1(12) 1(12) 0(12) 2 18.4±0.59(13) 9.2±0.3(13) 6.6±0.25(13) 10.3±0.41(13) 11.7±0.38(13) 1(13) 1(13) 0(13) 3 19.1(1) 9.3(1) 6.7(1) 10.9(1) 12.4(1) 1(1) 1(1) 0(1) 4 17.8±0.38(6) 8.7±0.12(6) 6.3±0.14(6) 10±0.2(6) 11.4±0.29(6) 1(6) 1(6) 0(6) ......continued on the next page APPENDIX 3. (continued)

Female