Philonema agubernaculum Simon & Simon 1936
Creators
Description
** Philonema agubernaculum Simon & Simon, 1936
Synonym: ** Philonema salvelini Richardson, 1936
Description (after Simon & Simon 1936). With characteristics of the genus.
Males: mean 16.5 (range 12–23) long; mean maximum width 0.296. Mean lengths of the muscular and
glandular portions of the oesophagus are 0.404 and 1.122 respectively. Anus to tail tip averages 0.276. Spicules
equal, sharply curved, lightly chitinized, mean length 0.284 (Fig. 36 A).
Females: 86.1 (49–140) long; mean maximum width 0.771. Mean lengths of muscular and glandular
oesophagus 0.553 and 1.172 respectively (Fig. 36 B). Anus to tail tip averages 0.446 (Fig. 36 C). Anus sometimes
atrophied in gravid worms. Vulva and vagina atrophied in gravid worms. Small ovary present at each end of body.
Uterus of gravid worms filled with embryos and occupying nearly all of the body cavity. Uteri of young specimens
contains eggs in various stages of development. Eggs measure 0.032 x 0.046. Embryos 0.343 long. Comments: ** P. agubernaculum requires both redescription and much improved illustrations. A nerve ring is
not mentioned in the original description so in Figure 36 B one has been added in a position based on the anatomy
of ** P. oncorhynchi (see Fig. 37 B,D).
Sites: body cavity, kidneys, liver, swim bladder
Hosts: Coregonus artedi (11, 15); Coregonus clupeaformis (6, 21); Gasterosteus aculeatus (8); Oncorhynchus kisutch (9, 11, 15, 33); Oncorhynchus mykiss (4, 7, 12, 14, 19, 21, 33); Oncorhynchus nerka (14, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 36); Osmerus mordax (8); Prosopium cylindraceum (6); Prosopium williamsoni (12, 14, 19, 21, 35); Salmo salar (31); Salvelinus alpinus (5, 6, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 28, 34, 37); Salvelinus fontinalis (1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 30, 31); Salvelinus malma ( 14, 21); Salvelinus namaycush (6, 20, 21)
Distribution: Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Pacific, Quebec Records: 1. Richardson 1936a (QC); 2. Richardson 1936b (QC); 3. Sandeman & Pippy 1967 (NF); 4. Ko & Adams 1969 (BC); 5. Pippy 1970 (NF); 6. Hicks & Threlfall 1973 (LB); 7. Adams 1974 (EX, BC); 8. Hanek & Molnar 1974 (QC); 9. Leong & Holmes 1974 (AB); 10. Jamieson & Freeman 1975 (NT); 11. Leong 1975 (AB); 12. Anon. 1978 (BC); 13. Curtis 1979 (NU); 14. Anon. 1981 (BC); 15. Leong & Holmes 1981 (AB); 16. Dick & Belosevic 1981 (NT); 17. Curtis 1982 (NT); 18. Stewart & Bernier 1982 (NU); 19. Arai & Mudry 1983 (BC); 20. Stewart & Bernier 1983 (NT); 21. Anon. 1984 (BC); 22. Curtis 1984 (NT, QC); 23. Dick 1984 (NT); 24. Groot et al. 1984 (BC); 25. Stewart & Bernier 1984 (NT); 26. Bailey & Margolis 1987 (BC); 27. Bailey et al. 1988 (BC); 28. Bouillon & Dempson 1989 (LB); 29. Groot et al. 1989 (BC); 30. Marcogliese & Cone 1991a (LB, NL); 31. Marcogliese & Cone 1991b (NF); 32. Adamson et al. 1992 (BC); 33. Despres et al. 1995 (BC); 34. Kolasa & Curtis 1995 (QC); 35. Nener et al. 1995 (BC); 36. Bennett et al. 1998 (BC); 37. Desdevises et al. 1998 (QC)
Notes
Files
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Micropleuridae
- Genus
- Philonema
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Spirurida
- Phylum
- Nematoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Simon & Simon
- Species
- agubernaculum
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Philonema agubernaculum Simon, 1936 sec. Arai & Smith, 2016
References
- Simon, J. R. & Simon, F. (1936) Philonema agubernaculum sp. nov. (Dracunculidae), a nematode from the body cavity of fishes. Parasitology, 28, 440 - 442. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0031182000022617
- Richardson, L. R. (1936 a) Notes on the parasites of Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) in Lake Edward (Quebec) with a description of Philonema salvelini sp. n. (Filarioidea) and a description of Echinocephalus lateralis Leidy, 1851. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Canada (Appendix B), p. 109. (Abstract Report ̶ read 22 May.)
- Richardson, L. R. (1936 b) Observations on the parasites of the speckled trout in Lake Edward, Quebec. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 66, 343 - 356. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1577 / 1548 - 8659 (1936) 66 [343: ootpot] 2.0. co; 2
- Sandeman, I. M. & Pippy, J. H. C. (1967) Parasites of freshwater fishes (Salmonidae and Coregonidae) of insular Newfoundland. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 24, 1911 - 1943. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 67 - 158
- Ko, R. C. & Adams, J. R. (1969) The development of Philonema oncorhynchi (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Cyclops bicuspidatus in relation to temperature. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 47, 307 - 312. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 69 - 062
- Pippy, J. H. C. (1970) Use of ultraviolet light to find parasitic nematodes in situ. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 27, 963 - 965. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 70 - 107
- Hicks, F. J. & Threlfall, W. (1973) Metazoan parasites of salmonids and coregonids from coastal Labrador. Journal of Fish Biology, 5, 399 - 415. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1973. tb 04468. x
- Leong, T. S. & Holmes, J. C. (1974) Acquisition of helminths by coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, introduced into Cold Lake, Alberta: a comparison with helminths of native salmonid fish. Proceedings. 3 rd International Congress of Parasitology, 25 - 31 August 1974, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, 3, p. 1639.
- Jamieson, J. & Freeman, R. S. (1975) Parasitology: Parasites of man and Arctic char at Igloolik. In: T. W. M. Cameron & L. W. Billingsley (Eds.), Energy Flow: its Biological Dimension. Summary of the International Biological Programme in Canada 1964 - 1974. Published by the Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa, pp. 290 - 293.
- Leong, T. S. (1975) Metazoan parasites of fishes of Cold Lake, Alberta: a community analysis. Ph. D. Dissertation. Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 170 pp.
- Curtis, M. A. (1979) Metazoan parasites of resident Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from a small lake on southern Baffin Island. Le Naturaliste Canadien (Quebec), 106, 337 - 338.
- Leong, T. S. & Holmes, J. C. (1981) Communities of metazoan parasites in open water fishes of Cold Lake, Alberta. Journal of Fish Biology, 18, 693 - 713. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1981. tb 03811. x
- Dick, T. A. & Belosevic, M. (1981) Parasites of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus) and their use in separating sea-run and non-migrating charr. Journal of Fish Biology, 18, 339 - 347. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1981. tb 03775. x
- Curtis, M. A. (1982) Host-parasite interactions in Arctic and sub-Arctic lakes. In: Meerovitch, E. (Ed.). Aspects of Parasitology ̶ a Festschrift dedicated to the 50 th Anniversary of the Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, 1932 - 1982. McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp. 41 - 57. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0031182000054895
- Stewart, D. B. & Bernier, L. M. J. (1982) An aquatic resource survey of islands bordering Viscount Melville Sound, District of Franklin, Northwest Territories. Environment Canada and Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Northern Environmental Protection Branch, Land Directorate. Northern Land Use Series, Background Report, No. 2, 110 pp.
- Arai, H. P. & Mudry, D. R. (1983) Protozoan and metazoan parasites of fishes from the headwaters of the Parsnip and McGregor Rivers, British Columbia: a study of possible parasite transfaunations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40, 1676 - 1684. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 83 - 194
- Stewart, D. B. & Bernier, L. M. J. (1983) An aquatic resource survey of Victoria and King William islands and the northeastern District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories. Environment Canada and Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Northern Environmental Protection Branch, Land Directorate. Northern Land Use Series, Background Report, No. 3, 127 pp.
- Anthony, D. D. (1984) Helminth parasites of white bass (Morone chrysops) from Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Program and Abstracts. 59 th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 05 - 09 August 1984. Snowbird, Utah, p. 27.
- Curtis, M. A. (1984) The influence of food web structure on parasite transmission to Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in northern Canada. Proceedings. British Society for Parasitology, 04 - 06 April 1984, University of Bristol. Parasitology, 89 (2), xlix.
- Groot, C., Margolis, L. & Bailey, R. (1984) Does the route of seaward migration of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts determine the route of return migration of the adults? In: J. D. McCleave, G. P. Arnold, J. J. Dodson & W. B. Neill (Eds.), Mechanisms of Migration in Fishes. NATO Conference Series, Series IV. Marine Sciences, Volume 14. Plenum Press, New York & London. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 2763 - 9 _ 17
- Stewart, D. B. & Bernier, L. M. J. (1984) An aquatic resource survey of Melville Peninsula, Southampton Island, and the northeastern District of Keewatin, Northwest Territories. Environment Canada and Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Northern Environmental Protection Branch, Land Directorate. Northern Land Use Series, Background Report, No. 4, 144 pp.
- Bailey, R. E. & Margolis, L. (1987) Comparison of parasite fauna of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from southern British Columbian and Washington State lakes. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 420 - 431. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 063
- Bailey, R. E., Margolis, L. & Groot, C. (1988) Estimating stock composition of migrating juvenile Fraser River (British Columbia) sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, using parasites as natural tags. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 586 - 591. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 88 - 071
- Bouillon, D. R. & Dempson, J. B. (1989) Metazoan parasite infections in landlocked and anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus Linnaeus), and their use as indicators of movement to sea in young anadromous charr. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 2478 - 2485. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 89 - 350
- Groot, C., Bailey, R., Margolis, L. & Cooke, K. (1989) Migratory patterns of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, as determined by analysis of parasite assemblages. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 1670 - 1678. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 89 - 240
- Marcogliese, D. J. & Cone, D. K. (1991 a) Do brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) from insular Newfoundland have different parasites than their mainland counterparts? Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 809 - 811. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 91 - 119
- Marcogliese, D. J. & Cone, D. K. (1991 b) Importance of lake characteristics in structuring parasite communities of salmonids from insular Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 2962 - 2967. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 91 - 417
- Adamson, M. L., Clease, D. F. & Margolis, L. (1992) Differentiation of Philonema spp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) in British Columbia salmonid fishes using DNA restriction fragment length differences. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 1650 - 1656. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 92 - 184
- Despres, L., Adamson, M. L. & McDonald, T. E. (1995) Development of a diagnostic molecular marker for Philonema spp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) infecting salmonids in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52 (Suppl. 1), 129 - 133. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 95 - 518
- Kolasa, K. & Curtis, M. (1995) Seasonal dynamics of helminth parasites in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), from a lakeresident population in northern Quebec, Canada. Proceedings. 3 rd International Charr Symposium. 13 - 18 June 1994, Trondheim, Norway. Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research, 71, 345 - 351.
- Nener, J., Kieser, D., Thompson, J. A. J., Lockhart, W. L., Metner, D. A. & Roome, R. (1995) Monitoring of mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni from the Columbia River system near Castlegar, British Columbia: health parameters and contaminants in 1992. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 2036: xi + 89 pp.
- Bennett, S. N., Adamson, M. L. & Margolis, L. (1998) Long - term changes in parasites of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 977 - 996. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 97 - 295
- Desdevises, Y., Arthur, J. R. & Pellerin-Massicotte, J. (1998) Parasites of anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) from two sites in Ungava Bay (Quebec, Canada). Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 65, 87 - 90.