Spatangus purpureus Muller 1776
Description
Erroneous— Spatangus purpureus Müller, 1776 Reports for the Azores:
Spatangus purpureus M̹ller, 1776— Agassiz 1881: 171; Bell 1892: 165–167, pl. 16, fig. 10; Mortensen 1907: 123–128, pl. 2, figs. 8, 12, 14, 16, pl. 16, figs. 1–2, 5–10, 22, 24–25, 27, 29, 31–32, 34, 1927a: 328–329, fig. 190; Koehler 1914b: 279, 1921b: 129–130, figs. 89–90; H.L. Clark 1917: 234; Nobre 1938: 127–128, fig. 55; Harvey 1956: 67; Micael et al. 2012: 4.
See: Mortensen (1951b: 10–14); Schultz (2006: 427–428, figs. 802–804).
Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea (Tortonese 1965), from Iceland and Scandinavia along European and African coasts to Senegal (Mortensen 1951b); possibly also occurring in Cape Verde and Angola (Mortensen 1951a).
Depth: 0–900 m (Koehler 1914b).
Habitat: soft substrates, preferably on coarse sand or gravel, in which it lies wholly buried where it feeds on all sorts of bottom particles and organisms (Mortensen 1927a).
Larval stage: planktotrophic (c. 3 weeks; Mortensen 1913).
Remarks: Agassiz (1881) identified the species Spatangus purpureus among the material collected by H.M.S. Challenger (sta 75: 38°37’N, 28°30’W, 92–165 m) in Azorean waters (no description was given). However, the existence of such specimen(s) could not be confirmed by H.L. Clark (1925) or Mortensen (1951b). Furthermore, the only other H.M.S. Challenger specimen identified by Agassiz (1881) as belonging to this species (off Bermuda) later proved to be a misidentification (see Mortensen 1907). Thus, the presence in the Azores of S. purpureus remains unconfirmed.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Spatangidae
- Genus
- Spatangus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Spatangoida
- Phylum
- Echinodermata
- Scientific name authorship
- Muller
- Species
- purpureus
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Spatangus purpureus Muller, 1776 sec. Madeira, Kroh, Cordeiro, De, Martins & Ávila, 2019
References
- Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321.
- Bell, F. J. (1892) Catalogue of the British echinoderms in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, xvii + 202 pp.
- Mortensen, T. (1907) Echinoidea (Part 2). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (2). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 200.
- Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303.
- Koehler, R. (1921 b) Echinodermes. Faune de France. 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 216 pp.
- Clark, H. L. (1917) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 46, 85 - 283.
- Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp.
- Harvey, E. B. (1956) The American Arbacia and other sea urchins. Princeton University Press. Princeton, viii + 298. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7234
- Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534
- Mortensen, T. (1951 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. 2. Spatangoida II. Amphisternata II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp.
- Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp.
- Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp.
- Mortensen, T. (1951 a) Report on the Echinoidea collected by the " Atlantide " Expedition. Atlantide Report, 2, 293 - 303.
- Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841
- Mortensen, T. (1913) On the development of some British echinoderms. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 10 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531540000669 X
- Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp.