Echinometra lucunter subsp. lucunter lucunter (Linnaeus 1758
Description
Erroneous— Echinometra lucunter lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) Reports for the Azores:
Echinometra subangularis Desmoulins—Agassiz 1872: 234.
See: Mortensen (1943a: 357–368, figs. 172–175, pl. 41, figs. 1–5, pl. 42, figs. 12–14, pl. 43, figs. 1–13, pl. 44, fig. 9, pl. 64, figs. 17, 20–24); Pawson (1978: 20–23, figs. 8–10).
Occurrence: Atlantic, from North Carolina and Bermuda, southwards to Brazil (Mortensen 1943a, Schultz 2006), and eastwards from Cape Verde to Angola (H.L. Clark 1925, Mortensen 1936); the subspecies E. lucunter polypora is restricted to Ascension and St. Helena islands (Pawson 1978).
Depth: 0–45 m (Mortensen 1943a).
Habitat: hard substrates (bioeroder; Mortensen 1943a).
Larval stage: planktotrophic (Mortensen 1921).
Fossil record: Ericichnus bromleyi, a relatively recent described ichnospecies portraying groove-borings found in a Pliocene fossiliferous outcrop in Malbusca (Santa Maria Island) is thought to be made by the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter (see Santos et al. 2015).
Commercial value: edible (Lawrence 2007).
Remarks: Agassiz (1872) listed the Azores under the geographical range of Echinometra lucunter (under the name Echinometra subangularis), which is clearly a misprint. The author never mentioned the archipelago again, whether listing the examined specimens’ locations or discussing the distribution range for this species. This tropical species does not occur in the present-day shallow waters of the Azores and no specimens were ever reported from the area.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Echinometridae
- Genus
- Echinometra
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Camarodonta
- Phylum
- Echinodermata
- Scientific name authorship
- lucunter (Linnaeus
- Species
- lucunter
- Taxon rank
- subSpecies
- Taxonomic concept label
- Echinometra lucunter subsp. lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758 sec. Madeira, Kroh, Cordeiro, De, Martins & Ávila, 2019
References
- Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 1. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp.
- Mortensen, T. (1943 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 3. Camarodonta. II. Echinidae, Strongylocentrotidae, Parasaleniidae, Echinometridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 446 pp.
- Pawson, D. L. (1978) The Echinoderm Fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 2, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.2.1
- Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp.
- Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8051
- Mortensen, T. (1921) Studies of the Development and Larval Forms of Echinoderms. G. E. C. Gad, Copenhagen, 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11376
- Santos, A., Mayoral, E., Dumont, C. P., da Silva, C. M., Avila, S. P., Gudveig Baarli, B., Cach " o, M., Johnson, M. E. & Ramalho, R. S. (2015) Role of environmental change in rock-boring echinoid trace fossils. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 432, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.029
- Lawrence, J. M. (2007) Edible Sea Urchins: Biology and Ecology. Elsevier, Boston, 380 pp.
- Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 7 (1 - 4), 1 - 762.