Fig. 36 in A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - the famous mound-building red wood ants

Fig. 36: Worker nest-sample means of principal component analysis of Formica aquilonia (white squares, 75 nest samples) and of Formica lugubris (black dots, 217 nest samples) from the whole Palaearctic range considering 10 phenotypic char- acters. The black square marks the F. aquilonia sample from Severobaikalsk with a mtDNA haplotype clustering with that of syntopic F. lugubris. Formica lugubris samples with very large scores of first principal component do mainly or fully contain workers of the Fennoscandian Hippie morph.