Published December 31, 2017
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region
Creators
Description
Calder, Dale R. (2017): Additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Bay of Fundy, northeastern North America, with a checklist of species reported from the region. Zootaxa 4256 (1): 1-86, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.556851
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted to users with access.
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:985C0239-D00C-457D-B593-76A3081BCEEA
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FF9EFFBF492CFF81FFCFFFE9FFF0FFF1
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF9EFFBF492CFF81FFCFFFE9FFF0FFF1
References
- Agassiz, A. (1862) On the mode of development of the marginal tentacles of the free medusae of some hydroids. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 9, 88-101.
- Agassiz, A. (1865) North American Acalephae. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, No. 2, 1-234.
- Agassiz, L. (1850) Contributions to the natural history of the Acalephae of North America. Part I. On the naked-eyed medusae of the shores of Massachusetts, in their perfect state of development. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Series, 4, 221-316. [Vol. 4, Part II, in which this article appeared, is dated 1850 on the Title page].
- Agassiz, L. (1860) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. III. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 301 pp.
- Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown & Company, Boston, 380 pp.
- Alder, J. (1856a) A notice of some new genera and species of British hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 18, 353-362.
- Alder, J. (1856b) Descriptions of three new British zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 18, 439-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935608697669
- Alder, J. (1857) A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, 3, 93-162.
- Alder, J. (1859) Descriptions of three new species of sertularian zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 3, 353-356.
- Alder, J. (1862) Observations on British zoophytes. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, New Series, 15, 144.
- Allman, G.J. (1859a) Notes on the hydroid zoophytes. I. Laomedea flexuosa, Hincks. II. The extra-capsular medusiform sporosacs ("meconidia") of Laomedea, and the determination of the species in which they are found. III. Coryne eximia, nov. sp., and its medusa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4, 137-144.
- Allman, G.J. (1859b) Notes on the hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 4, 367-370.
- Allman, G.J. (1863) Notes on the Hydroida. I. On the structure of Corymorpha nutans. II. Diagnoses of new species of Tubularidae obtained, during the autumn of 1862, on the coasts of Shetland and Devonshire. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 11, 1-12.
- Allman, G.J. (1864) On the construction and limitation of genera among the Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 13, 345-380.
- Allman, G.J. (1872) A monograph of the gymnoblastic or tubularian hydroids. Conclusion of Part I, and Part II, containing descriptions of the genera and species of the Gymnoblastea. Ray Society, London, pp. 155-450.
- Allman, G.J. (1874) Report on the Hydroida collected during the expeditions of H.M.S. 'Porcupine.' Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 8, 469-481.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1874.tb00566.x
- Allman, G.J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant, United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1-66.
- Allman, G.J. (1888) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Part II-The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae, and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the Years 1873-76, Zoology, 7 (23), 1-90.
- Allwein, J. (1967) North American hydromedusae from Beaufort, North Carolina. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 130, 117-136.
- Antsulevich, A.E. (1980a) Novyi vid gidroidov roda Halecium (Leptolida, Haleciidae) iz yuzhno-kurilskogo raiona. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 59, 137-139.
- Antsulevich, A.E. (1980b) O dvukh dalnevostochnykh vidakh gidroidov (Leptolida, Thecaphora). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 59, 615-617.
- Antsulevich, A.E. (1987) Gidroidy shelfa Kurilskykh ostrovov. Zoologicheskii Institut, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 1-165.
- Antsulevich, A.E. (2015) Hydrozoa (hydroids and hydromedusae) of Russian seas. St. Petersburg University Press, St. Petersburg, 860 pp. [in Russian]
- Antsulevich, A.E. & Polteva, D.G. (1986) Gidroidy roda Rhizogeton (Athecata, Clavidae) v faune SSSR. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65, 965-972.
- Antsulevich, A.E. & Regel, K.V. (1986) Dva novykh vida gidroidov (Hydroidea, Thecaphora) iz melkovodii srednikh Kurilskikh ostravov. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 65, 929-932.
- Arai, M.N. & Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1980) Hydromedusae of British Columbia and Puget Sound. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 204, 1-192.
- Barry, B. (1974) Hydromedusae of the Canadian eastern Arctic. M.Sc. Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 146 pp.
- Bedot, M. (1925) Materiaux pour servir a l'histoire des hydroides. 7me periode (1901 a 1910). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 32 (Fascicule Supplementaire), 1-657.
- Bergh, R.S. (1887) Goplepolyper (Hydroider) fra Kara-Havet. In: Lutken, C.F. (Ed.), Dijmphna-Togtets zoologisk-botaniske Udbytte. H. Hagerup, Kjobenhavn, pp. 329-338.
- Berrill, N.J. (1949) Growth and form in gymnoblastic hydroids. I. Polymorphic development in Bougainvillia and Aselomaris. Journal of Morphology, 84, 1-30.
- Berrill, N.J. (1952) Growth and form in gymnoblastic hydroids. II. Sexual and asexual reproduction in Rathkea. III. Hydranth and gonophore development in Pennaria and Acaulis. IV. Relative growth in Eudendrium. Journal of Morphology, 90, 1- 32.
- Berrill, N.J. (1953) Growth and form in gymnoblastic hydroids. VII. Growth and reproduction in Syncoryne and Coryne. Journal of Morphology, 92, 273-302.
- Bigelow, H.B. (1913) Medusae and Siphonophorae collected by the U.S. Fisheries Steamer "Albatross" in the northwestern Pacific, 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 44, 1-119.
- Bigelow, H.B. (1914) Fauna of New England. 12. List of the Medusae Craspedotae, Siphonophorae, Scyphomedusae, Ctenophoridae. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1-37.
- Billard, A. (1922) Note sur deux especes d'hydroides du littoral d'Ostende. Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique et Malacologique de Belgique, 52, 135-139.
- Billard, A. (1926) Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. IV. Rapport sur les hydroides. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22, 85-103.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00323.x
- Billard, A. (1929) Note sur un genre nouveau et quelques especes nouvelles d'Halecidae. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 54, 305-307.
- Billard, A. (1933) Les hydroides des golfes de Suez et d'Akaba. In: Mission Robert Ph. Dollfus en Egypte. Memoires presentes a L'Institut d'Egypte et publies sous les auspices de sa Majeste Fouad I er, Roi d'Egypte, 21, 1-30.
- Billard, A. (1934) Note sur quelques hydroides du Maroc. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 59, 227-231.
- Billard, A. (1937) Note sur une nouvelle espece de Halecium (Halecium galeatum). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 62, 292-293.
- Bleakney, J.S. (1972) Ecological implications of annual variation in tidal extremes. Ecology, 53, 933-938. https://doi.org/10.2307/1934311
- Bleakney, J.S. (1996) Sea slugs of Atlantic Canada and the Gulf of Maine. Nimbus Publishing and the Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, 216 pp.
- Boeck, C. (1860) Omhandlede en Tubularie fra Belsund paa Spitzbergen - Tubularia regalis. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs- Selskabet i Christiania, 1859, 114-117.
- Boero, F., Bouillon, J. & Danovaro, R. (1987) The life cycle of Tiaropsidium roseum (Tiaropsidae fam. nov., Leptomedusae, Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology, 4, 293-302.
- Boero, F., Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. (2000) A survey of Zanclea, Halocoryne and Zanclella (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Zancleidae) with description of new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 67, 93-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000009356301
- Bonnevie, K. (1898) Zur Systematik der Hydroiden. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 63, 465-495.
- Bonnevie, K. (1899a) Neue norwegische Hydroiden. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 1898, 5, 1-16.
- Bonnevie, K. (1899b) Hydroida. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876-1878. Zoologi, 7 (26), 1-103.
- Bonnevie, K. (1901) Hydroiden. In: Appellof, A. (Ed.), Meeresfauna von Bergen. Heft I. Bergen, John Grieg, pp. 1-15.
- Borradaile, L.A. (1905) Hydroids. The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, 2, 836-845.
- Bosc, L.A.G. (1802) Histoire naturelle des vers, contenant leur description et leurs moeurs; avec figures dessinees d'apres nature. Tome 3. Guilleminet, Paris, 270 pp.
- Bouillon, J. & Barnett, T.J. (1999) The marine fauna of New Zealand: hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 113, 1-136.
- Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J.-M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 194, 1-591.
- Bourne G.C. (1890) Notes on the hydroids of Plymouth. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1, 391-398.
- Bousfield, E.L. & Leim, A.H. (1960) The fauna of Minas Basin and Minas Channel. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, 166, 30 pp. [This reference has been variously dated as 1958, 1959, and 1960. A note on page 30 states "The Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery Ottawa, 1960".]
- Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1970) Anthomedusae/Athecatae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the Mediterranean. Part I. Capitata. Fauna e Flora del Golfo di Napoli, Monografia, 39, 1-96.
- Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1980) A new species of the genus Sarsia (Hydrozoa, Corynidae) from Vancouver Island and Puget Sound. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Occasional Papers, 34, 1-4.
- Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1989) Sarsia cliffordi n.sp. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae) from British Columbia, with distribution records and evaluation of related species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1139/z89-099
- Brinckmann-Voss, A. (1996) Seasonality of hydroids (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) from an intertidal pool and adjacent subtidal habitats at Race Rocks, off Vancouver Island, Canada. Scientia Marina, 60, 89-97.
- Brinckmann-Voss, A. (2000) The hydroid and medusa of Sarsia bella sp. nov. (Hydrozoa, Anthoathecatae, Corynidae), with a correction of the "life cycle" of Polyorchis penicillatus (Eschscholtz). Scientia Marina, 64, 189-195. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2000.64s1189
- Brinckmann-Voss, A. & Calder, D.R. (2013) Zyzzyzus rubusidaeus (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Tubulariidae), a new species of anthoathecate hydroid from the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Zootaxa, 3666 (3), 389-397. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3666.3.9
- Brinkhurst, R.O., Linkletter, L.E., Lord, E.I., Connors, S.A. & Dadswell, M.J. (1976) A preliminary guide to the littoral and sublittoral marine invertebrates of Passamaquoddy Bay. Biological Station, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 166 pp.
- Broch, H. (1903) Die von dem norwegischen Fischereidampfer "Michael Sars" in den Jahren 1900-1902 in dem Nordmeer gesammelten Hydroiden. Bergens Museums Aarbog, 1903 (9), 1-14.
- Broch, H. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Arktischen Meere. Fauna Arctica, 5, 127-248. [dating of this publication follows evidence provided by Cornelius (1995b)]
- Broch, H. (1916) Hydroida (Part I.). The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (6), 1-66.
- Broch, H. (1918) Hydroida (Part II.). The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 5 (7), 1-205.
- Bromley, J.E.C. (1979) A preliminary checklist of marine fauna of Minas Basin and Minas Channel. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 29, 517-541.
- Bromley, J.E.C. & Bleakney, J.S. (1979) Taxonomic survey of benthic fauna in estuarine saltmarsh pools, Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 29, 411-446.
- Bromley, J.E.C. & Bleakney, J.S. (1985) Keys to the fauna and flora of Minas Basin. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, 366 pp.
- Browne, E.T. (1897) The hydroids of Valencia Harbour, Ireland. Irish Naturalist, 6, 241-246.
- Brunel, P., Bosse, L. & Lamarche, G. (1998) Catalogue des invertebres marins de l'estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent. Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126, 1-405.
- Buss, L.W. & Yund, P.O. (1989) A sibling species group of Hydractinia in the north-eastern United States. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 69, 857-874.
- Buzeta, M.-I. & Singh, R. (2008) Identification of ecologically and biologicaly significant areas in the Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine. Vol. 1. Areas identified for review, and assessment of the Quoddy Region. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2788, 1-80.
- Caddy, J.F. (1970) Records of associated fauna in scallop dredge hauls from the Bay of Fundy. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Technical Report, 225, 1-37.
- Calder, D.R. (1970) Thecate hydroids from the shelf waters of northern Canada. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 27, 1501-1547.
- Calder, D.R. (1971) Hydroids and hydromedusae of southern Chesapeake Bay. Virginia Institute of Marine Science Special Papers in Marine Science, 1, 1-125.
- Calder, D.R. (1972) Some athecate hydroids from the shelf waters of northern Canada. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29, 217-228.
- Calder, D.R. (1975) Biotic Census of Cape Cod Bay: hydroids. Biological Bulletin, 149, 287-315. https://doi.org/10.2307/1540528
- Calder, D.R. (1976) The zonation of hydroids along salinity gradients in South Carolina estuaries. In: Mackie, G.O. (Ed.), Coelenterate ecology and behavior. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 165-174.
- Calder, D.R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1-107.
- Calder, D.R. (1990) Seasonal cycles of activity and inactivity in some hydroids from Virginia and South Carolina, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 442-450.
- Calder, D.R. (1991) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 154, 1-140.
- Calder, D.R. (1992) Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1856 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): proposed conservation of both generic and specific names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 49, 184-186.
- Calder, D.R. (2004) Subtidal hydroids (Cnidaria) of Northumberland Strait, Atlantic Canada, with observations on their life cycles and distributions. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 117, 555-564. (although dated 2003 in the journal, this article did not appear until 2004)
- Calder, D.R. (2010) Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa, 2590, 1-91.
- Calder, D.R. (2012) On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region. Zootaxa, 3171, 1-77.
- Calder, D.R. (2013) Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa, 3648 (1), 1-72.
- Calder, D.R., Carlton, J.T. & Choong, H.H.C. (2014) Clava multicornis (Forsskal, 1775): rediscovery of a North Atlantic hydroid (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthoathecata) on the Pacific coast of North America. BioInvasions Records, 3, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2014.3.2.03
- Calder, D.R. & Hester, B.S. (1978) Phylum Cnidaria. In: Zingmark, R.G. (Ed.), An annotated checklist of the biota of the coastal zone of South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, pp. 87-93.
- Calder, D.R. & Mayal, E.M. (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 69-78.
- Calder, D.R. & Vervoort, W. (1998) Some hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 319, 1-65.
- Calder, D.R., Vervoort, W. & Hochberg, F.G. (2009) Lectotype designations of new species of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), described by C.M. Fraser, from Allan Hancock Pacific and Caribbean Sea Expeditions. Zoologische Mededelingen, 83, 919-1058.
- Calkins, G.N. (1899) Some hydroids from Puget Sound. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 28, 333-367.
- Cartwright, P., Evans, N.M., Dunn, C.W., Marques, A.C., Miglietta, M.P., Schuchert, P. & Collins, A.G. (2008) Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1663- 1672.
- Cavolini, F. (1785) Memorie per servire alla storia de' polipi marini. s.n., Napoli, 279 pp.
- Choong, H.H.C. (2015) Hydroids of the genus Sertularella (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Sertulariidae) from the Pacific coast of Canada in the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum, with descriptions of four new species. Zootaxa, 3925 (3), 387-408. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3925.3.4
- Clark, H.J. (1865a) Discovery of the female of Rhizogeton fusiformis, Ag. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 9, 342.
- Clark, H.J. (1865b) Mind in nature; or the origin of life, and the mode of development of animals. D. Appleton & Company, New York, 322 pp.
- Clark, S.F. (1875) Descriptions of new and rare species of hydroids from the New England coast. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 3, 58-66.
- Clark, S.F. (1877) Report on the hydroids collected on the coast of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, by W. H. Dall, U.S. Coast Survey, and party, from 1871 to 1874 inclusive. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1876, 28, 209-238. [dating of this article follows Cornelius (1982: 129), who correctly discovered that it was published during early January 1877 (apparently in two parts, on 0 2 and 0 9 January) as per a note on p. ii of the journal volume].
- Clarke, S.F. (1879) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico by Alexander Agassiz, 1877-78. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5, 239-252.
- Clarke, S.F. (1882) New and interesting hydroids from Chesapeake Bay. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 135-142.
- Clarke, S.F. (1894) Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross," during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z.L. Tanner, U.S.N. commanding. The hydroids. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, in Cambridge, 25, 71-77.
- Cockerell, T.D.A. (1911) The nomenclature of the hydromedusae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 24, 77- 86.
- Collins, A.G. (2000) Towards understanding the phylogenetic history of Hydrozoa: hypothesis testing with 18S gene sequence data. Scientia Marina, 64 (Suplemento 1), 5-22.
- Collins, A.G., Winkelmann, S., Hadrys, H. & Schierwater, B. (2005) Phylogeny of Capitata and Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in light of mitochondrial 16S rDNA data. Zoologica Scripta, 34, 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00172.x
- Congdon, E.D. (1907) The hydroids of Bermuda. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 42, 463-485. https://doi.org/10.2307/20022242
- Cooke, W.J. (1975) Shallow water hydroids from Enewetak Atoll, Marshall Islands. Micronesica, 11, 85-108.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. (1975) The hydroid species of Obelia (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae), with notes on the medusa stage. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 28, 249-293.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. (1982) Hydroids and medusae of the family Campanulariidae recorded from the eastern North Atlantic, with a world synopsis of genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 42, 37-148.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. (1988) Hydroid collecting from intertidal pools at Holme next the Sea, Norfolk. Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists' Field Society, 28, 72-78.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. (1990) European Obelia (Cnidaria, Hydroida): systematics and identification. Journal of Natural History, 24, 535-578.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. (1992) Medusa loss in leptolid Hydrozoa (Cnidaria), hydroid rafting, and abbreviated life-cycles among their remote-island faunae: an interim review. Scientia Marina, 56, 245-261.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. (1995a) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 1. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 347 pp.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. (1995b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 386 pp.
- Cornelius, P.F.S. & Garfath, J. (1980) The coelenterate taxa of Joshua Alder. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 39, 273-291.
- Costello, J.H. & Mathieu, H.W. (1995) Seasonal abundance of medusae in Eel Pond, Massachusetts, USA during 1990-1991. Journal of Plankton Research, 17, 199-204.
- Coughtrey, M. (1876) Critical notes on the New-Zealand Hydroida, suborder Thecaphora. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 17, 22-32.
- Cunningham, C.W., Buss, L.W. & Anderson, C. (1991) Molecular and geologic evidence of shared history between hermit crabs and the symbiotic genus Hydractinia. Evolution, 45, 1301-1316.
- Dahl, K., Stenberg, C., Lundsteen, S., Stottrup, J., Dolmer, P. & Tendal, O.S. (2009) Ecology of LaesO Trindel - a reef impacted by extraction of boulders. National Environmental Research Institute Technical Report No. 757. Aarus University, Aarhus 48 pp.
- Daly, M., Brugler, M.R., Cartwright, P., Collins, A.G., Dawson, M.N., Fautin, D.G., France, S.C., McFadden, C.S., Opresko, D.M., Rodriguez, E., Romano, S.L. & Stake, J.L. (2007) The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus. Zootaxa, 1668, 127-182.
- Dons, C. (1912) Hydroid-Bemerkungen. I. Rhizogeton nudus Broch und Halecium curvicaule Lorenz neu fur die Fauna Norwegens. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 34, 51-70.
- Dunbar, M.J. (1942) Marine macroplankton from the Canadian eastern Arctic. II. Medusae, Siphonophora, Ctenophora, Pteropoda, and Chaetognatha. Canadian Journal of Research, 20D, 71-77.
- Durand, N., Cornett, A. & Bourban, S. (2008) 3D modelling and assessment of tidal current energy resources in the Bay of Fundy. National Research Council of Canada, Canadian Hydraulics Centre Technical Report, CHC-TR-052, 1-110.
- Edwards, C. (1966) The hydroid and the medusa Bougainvillia principis, and a review of the British species of Bougainvillia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46, 129-152. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400017604
- Edwards, C. (1972) The hydroids and the medusae Podocoryne areolata, P. borealis and P. carnea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 52, 97-144.
- Edwards, C. (1978) The hydroids and medusae Sarsia occulta sp.nov., Sarsia tubulosa and Sarsia loveni. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 291-311.
- Edwards, C. (1983) The hydroids and medusae Sarsia piriforma sp.nov. and Sarsia striata sp.nov. from the west coast of Scotland, with observations on other species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63, 49-60.
- Ehrenberg, C.G. (1834) Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlung der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1, 225-380.
- Ellis, J. & Solander, D. (1786) The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis… Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. Benjamin White & Son, and Peter Elmsly, London, 206 pp.
- Eschscholtz, F. (1829) System der Acalephen. Eine ausfurliche Beschreibung aller medusenartigen Strahltiere. Ferdinand Dummler, Berlin, 190 pp.
- Fabricius, O. (1780) Fauna Groenlandica. Rothe, Hafniae & Lipsiae, 452 pp.
- Fewkes, J.W. (1890) A zoological reconnoissance in Grand Manan. American Naturalist, 24, 423-438. https://doi.org/10.1086/275123
- Fish, C.J. & Johnson, M.W. (1937) The biology of the zooplankton population in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine with special reference to production and distribution. Journal of the Biological Board of Canada, 3, 189-322. https://doi.org/10.1139/f37-015
- Fleming, J. (1820) Observations on the natural history of the Sertularia gelatinosa of Pallas. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, 2, 82-89.
- Fleming, J. (1823) Gleanings of natural history, gathered on the coast of Scotland during a voyage in 1821. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, 8, 294-303.
- Fleming, J. (1828) A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom. Bell & Bradfute, Edinburgh, 565 pp.
- Folino, N.C. & Yund, P.O. (1998) The distribution of hydroid sibling species on hermit crabs in estuaries in the Gulf of Maine. Estuaries, 21, 829-836.
- Forbes, E. (1846) On the pulmograde medusae of the British seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 284-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/037454809494431
- Forbes, E. (1848) A monograph of the British naked-eyed medusae: with figures of all the species. Ray Society, London, 104 pp.
- Forbes, E. & Goodsir, J. (1851) On some remarkable marine Invertebrata new to the British seas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 20, 307-315.
- Forbes, E. & Goodsir, J. (1853) On some remarkable marine Invertebrata new to the British seas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 20, 307-315.
- Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal. Prof. Haun. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Molleri, Hauniae, 140 pp.
- Fraser, C.M. (1911) The hydroids of the west coast of North America with special reference to those of the Vancouver Island region. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa, 6 (1), 3-91.
- Fraser, C.M. (1912) Some hydroids of Beaufort, North Carolina. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 339-387.
- Fraser, C.M. (1913) Hydroids from Nova Scotia. Canada Geological Survey, Victoria Memorial Museum Bulletin, 1, 157-186.
- Fraser, C.M. (1914) Some hydroids of the Vancouver Island region. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Section 4, Series 3, 8, 99-216.
- Fraser, C.M. (1918) Hydroids of eastern Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1917-1918, 329-367.
- Fraser, C.M. (1921) Key to the hydroids of eastern Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1918-1920, 137-180.
- Fraser, C.M. (1922) A new Hydractinia and other west coast hydroids. Contributions to Canadian Biology, New Series, 1, 97- 100.
- Fraser, C.M. (1924) Acaulis primarius Stimpson. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 18, 167- 173.
- Fraser, C.M. (1931) Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay. 3. Hydroids of Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 6, 477-481.
- Fraser, C.M. (1935) Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 29, 105-112.
- Fraser, C.M. (1937) Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 207 pp.
- Fraser, C.M. (1938a) Hydroids of the 1934 Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4, 1-105.
- Fraser, C.M. (1938b) Hydroids of the 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4, 129-153.
- Fraser, C.M. (1940) Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 88, 575-580.
- Fraser, C.M. (1941) New species of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean, in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 91, 77-89.
- Fraser, C.M. (1943) Distribution records of some hydroids in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, with description of new genera and new species. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, 22, 75-98.
- Fraser, C.M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp.
- Fraser, C.M. (1945) Notes on some recently collected hydroids in the United States National Museum, with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 35, 21-23.
- Fraser, C.M. (1947a) Distribution and relationship in American hydroids. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 464 pp. [although dated "1946" on the title page, this book was not published until February 1947]
- Fraser, C.M. (1947b) Hydroids of the 1939 Allan Hancock Caribbean Sea Expedition. Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, 4, 1- 24.
- Fraser, C.M. (1948) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4, 179-343.
- Fuller, C.B. (1862a) Report on marine zoology. In: Second annual report upon the natural history and geology of the state of Maine, 1862. Augusta, Maine, pp. 129-133.
- Fuller, C.B. (1862b) Observations upon the animals found at low water mark at Treat's Island in Eastport Harbor. Proceedings of the Portland Society of Natural History, 1, 91.
- Fuller, S., Kenchington, E., Davis, D.S. & Butler, M. (1998) Associated fauna of commercial scallop grounds in the lower Bay of Fundy. Marine Issues Committee Special Publication, 2, 1-40.
- Gaertner, J. (1774) Coryne pusilla Gaertner. In litteris. In: Pallas, P.S. (Ed.), Spicilegia zoologica quibus novae imprimus et obscurae animalium species. Fasc. 10. August Lange, Berolini, pp. 40-41.
- Galea, H.R. (2007) Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa, 1597, 1-116.
- Galea, H.R. (2010a) Note on a small collection of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Tristan da Cunha, south Atlantic. Zootaxa, 2336, 1-18.
- Galea, H.R. (2010b) Additional shallow-water thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guadeloupe and Les Saintes, French Lesser Antilles. Zootaxa, 2570, 1-40.
- Galea, H.R. (2013) New additions to the shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of the French Lesser Antilles: Martinique. Zootaxa, 3686 (1), 1-50.
- Galea, H.R. & Ferry, R. (2015) Notes on some hydroids (Cnidaria) from Martinique, with descriptions of five new species. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 122, 213-246.
- Galea, H.R., Haussermann, V. & Forsterra, G. (2009) New additions to the hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile. Zootaxa, 2019, 1-28.
- Galea, H.R. & Schories, D. (2012) Some hydrozoans (Cnidaria) from central Chile and the Strait of Magellan. Zootaxa, 3296, 19-67.
- Galea, H.R., Schories, D., Forsterra, G. & Haussermann, V. (2014) New species and new records of hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Chile. Zootaxa, 3852 (1), 1-50.
- Ganong, W.F. (1890a) Zoological notes. Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick, 9, 46-59.
- Ganong, W.F. (1890b) Southern invertebrates on the shores of Acadia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Section 4, 8, 167-185.
- Gegenbaur, C. (1856) Versuch eines Systemes der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Formen; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna des Mittelmeeres. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 8, 202-273. [dating of this article follows evidence given in Calder 2013: 65]
- Genzano, G.N., Giberto, D., Schejter, L., Bremec, C. & Meretta, P. (2009) Hydroid assemblages from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (34-42° S). Marine Ecology, 30, 33-46.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2008.00247.x
- Gibbons, M.J. & Ryland, J.S. (1989) Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. I. Athecata to Sertulariidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 27, 377-432.
- Gmelin, J.F. (1791) Caroli a Linne, systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tomus 1. Pars 6. G.E. Beer, Lipsiae, 1100 pp. [pp. 3021-4120]
- Goldfuss, G.A. (1820) Handbuch der Zoologie. I. Abtheilung. Johann Leonhard Schrag, Nurnberg, 696 pp.
- Gosse, P.H. (1853) A naturalist's rambles on the Devonshire coast. John van Voorst, London, 451 pp.
- Gould, A.A. (1841) Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts, comprising the Mollusca, Crustacea, Annelida, and Radiata. Folsom, Wells & Thurston, Cambridge, 373.
- Govindarajan, A.F., Boero, F. & Halanych, K.M. (2006) Phylogenetic analysis with multiple markers indicates repeated loss of the adult medusa stage in Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38, 820-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.012
- Grainger, E.H. (1959) The annual oceanographic cycle at Igloolik in the Canadian Arctic. 1. The zooplankton and physical and chemical observations. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 16, 453-501.
- Grainger, E.H. (1962) Zooplankton of Foxe Basin in the Canadian Arctic. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19, 377-400.
- Grainger, E.H. (1975) Biological productivity of the southern Beaufort Sea: the physical-chemical environment and the plankton. Beaufort Sea Technical Report, 12a, 1-82.
- Gravili, C., Boero, F. & Bouillon, J. (1996) Zanclea species (Hydroidomedusae, Anthomedusae) from the Mediterranean. Scientia Marina, 60, 99-108.
- Gravili, C., De Vito, D., Di Camillo, C.G., Martell, L., Piraino, S. & Boero, F. (2015) The non-siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide. Zootaxa, 3908 (1), 1-187. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1
- Gray, J.E. (1848) List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Centroniae or radiated animals. British Museum, London, 173 pp.
- Greeff, R. (1869) Protohydra leuckarti. Eine marine Stammform der Coelenteraten. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 20, 37-54. [published 1 December 1869: page iii of the journal]
- Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 1-360.
- Hamond, R. (1957) Notes on the Hydrozoa of the Norfolk coast. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 43, 294- 324.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1957.tb01555.x
- Hand, C. & Hendrickson, J.R. (1950) A two-tentacled, commensal hydroid from California (Limnomedusae, Proboscidactyla). Biological Bulletin, 99, 74-87.
- Hargitt, C.W. (1901) Synopses of North-American invertebrates. XIV. The hydromedusae-Part I. American Naturalist, 35, 301-315.
- Hartlaub, C. (1905) Die Hydroiden der magalhaensischen Region und chilenischen Kuste. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Supplement-Band 6, Fauna Chilensis, Dritter Band, 497-714.
- Hartlaub, C. (1911) XII. Craspedote Medusen. I. Teil. 2. Lief.: Familie III Margelidae. Nordisches Plankton, 6, 137-235.
- Hartlaub, C. (1914) XII. Craspedote Medusen. I. Teil. 3. Lief.: Familie IV Tiaridae. Nordisches Plankton, 6, 237-363.
- Hartlaub, C. (1916) Ueber das Altern einer Kolonie von Syncoryne und damit verbundene Knospungen am Hydranthenkopfchen. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen herausgegeben von der Kommission zur Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der Deutschen Meere in Kiel und der Biologischen Anstalt auf Helgoland, Neue Folge, 11, 91-125.
- Hassall, A.H. (1841) Supplement to a catalogue of Irish zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 276-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484109442700
- Hassall, A.H. (1848) Definitions of three new British zoophytes. Zoologist, 6, 2223.
- Henry, L.-A. (2002) Intertidal zonation and seasonality of the marine hydroid Dynamena pumila (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80, 1526-1536.
- Henry, L.-A. (2003) Impacts of bottom fishing on colonial epifauna in the Bay of Fundy and on the Scotian Shelf. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 272 pp.
- Henry, L.-A. & Kenchington, E. (2004a) Differences between epilithic and epizoic hydroid assemblages from commercial scallop grounds in the Bay of Fundy, northwest Atlantic. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 266, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps266123
- Henry, L.-A. & Kenchington, E. (2004b) Ecological and genetic evidence for impaired sexual reproduction and induced clonality in the hydroid Sertularia cupressina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) on commercial scallop grounds in Atlantic Canada. Marine Biology, 145, 1107-1118.
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1400-0
- Hincks, T. (1861) A catalogue of the zoophytes of south Devon and South Cornwall. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 8, 251-262.
- Hincks, T. (1866) On new British Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 18, 296-299.
- Hincks, T. (1868) A history of the British hydroid zoophytes. John van Voorst, London, 338 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1322
- Hincks, T. (1874) On deep-water Hydroida from Iceland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 13, 146-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937408680828
- Hincks, T. (1877) Note on lists of Arctic Hydroida and Polyzoa published in the 'Annals' for February 1874 and January 1877. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 20, 66-67.
- Hodgson, M.M. (1950) A revision of the Tasmanian Hydroida. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 1949, 1-65.
- Jaderholm E. (1903) Aussereuropaische Hydroiden im schwedischen Reichsmuseum. Arkiv for Zoologi, 1, 259-312. [a note in Swedish at the bottom of page 312 states "Tryckt den 31 december 1903" (printed 31 December 1903). That has been taken here to be the date of publication]
- Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901-1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, notes et revue, Serie 4, 3, i-xiv.
- Jaderholm, E. (1907) Uber einige nordische Hydroiden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32, 371-376.
- Jaderholm, E. (1908) Die Hydroiden des Sibirischen Eismeeres, gesammelt von der Russischen Polar-Expedition 1900-1903. Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk po Fiziko-Matematicheskomu Otdeleniyu, Series 8, 18 (12), 1-28.
- Jaderholm, E. (1909) Northern and Arctic invertebrates in the collection of the Swedish State Museum (Riksmuseum). IV. Hydroiden. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, ny foljd, 45 (1), 1-124.
- Jagerskiold, L.A. (1971) A survey of the marine benthonic macro-fauna along the Swedish west coast 1921-1938. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothobergensis, Zoologica, 6, 1-146.
- Jensen, A. & Frederiksen, R. (1992) The fauna associated with the bank-forming deepwater coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinaria) on the Faroe Shelf. Sarsia, 77, 53-69.
- Johnston, G. (1837) A catalogue of the zoophytes of Berwickshire. Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, 1, 107- 108. [Dating of this reference follows Cornelius 1995b: 360].
- Johnston, G. (1838) A history of the British zoophytes. W.H. Lizars, Edinburgh, 341 pp.
- Johnston, G. (1847) A history of the British zoophytes. 2nd Edition. John Van Voorst, London, 488 pp.
- Kingsley, J.S. (1910) A synopsis of the fixed hydroids of New England. Tufts College Studies, 3, 13-38.
- Kirchenpauer, G.H. (1884) Nordische Gattungen und Arten von Sertulariden. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebeite der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 8 (3), 93-144.
- Kirkpatrick, R. (1890) Reports on the zoological collections made in Torres Straits by Professor A. C. Haddon, 1888-1889. Hydroida and Polyzoa. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, New Series, 6, 603-626.
- Korsakova, G. (1949) Rannie stadii drobleniya u Tiaropsis. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 65, 413-415.
- Kramp, P.L. (1911) Report on the hydroids collected by the Danmark Expedition at north-east Greenland. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 45, 341-396.
- Kramp, P.L. (1913) Hydroids collected by the "Tjalfe" expedition to the west coast of Greenland in 1908 and 1909. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 66, 1-36.
- Kramp., P.L. (1919) Medusae. Part I. Leptomedusae. Danish Ingolf-Expedition, 5 (8), 1-111.
- Kramp, P.L. (1920) Anthomedusae and Leptomedusae from the "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910. Report on the Scientific Results of the "Michael Sars" North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1-14.
- Kramp, P.L. (1930) Hydromedusae collected in the south-western part of the North Sea and in the eastern part of the Channel in 1903-1914. Memoires du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 45, 1-55.
- Kramp, P.L. (1932) Hydroids collected in west-Greenland fjords in 1911 and 1912. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 91 (3), 1-35.
- Kramp, P.L. (1935) Corydendrium dispar, a new athecate hydroid from Scandinavian seas, with remarks on classification. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, femte foljden, Series B, 4 (11), 1-15.
- Kramp, P.L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 40, 1-469.
- Kubota, S. (1976) Notes on the nematocysts of Japanese hydroids, I. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 20, 230-243.
- Kuhn, A. (1913) Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Hydrozoen. I. Teil: Die Hydroiden. Ergebnisse und Fortschritte der Zoologie, 4, 1-284.
- Kuzirian, A.M. (1979) Taxonomy and biology of four New England coryphellid nudibranchs (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 45, 239-261.
- Lamouroux, J.V.F. (1812) Extrait d'un memoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Societe Philomatique de Paris, 3, 181-188.
- Leclere, L., Schuchert, P., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A. & Manuel, M. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics of Thecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) reveals long-term maintenance of life history traits despite high frequency of recent character changes. Systematic Biology, 58, 509-526.
- Leloup, E. (1939) Notes sur quelques hydropolypes exotiques. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique, 15 (51), 1-19.
- Lendenfeld, R. von (1885a) The Australian hydromedusae. Part I. The classification of the Hydromedusae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 206-241.
- Lendenfeld, R. von (1885b) The Australian hydromedusae. Continued. Part II. Plate VI. The 1st subordo Hydropolypinae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 345-353.
- Lesson, R.P. (1830) Voyage autour du monde, pendant les annees 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Zoologie. Description des zoophytes echinodermes. Voyage de la Coquille II, II, 20, 155 pp.
- Lesson, R.P. (1843) Histoire naturelle des zoophytes. Acalephes. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 596 pp.
- Levinsen, G.M.R. (1893) Meduser, ctenophorer og hydroider fra Gronlands vestkyst, tilligemed bemaerkninger om hydroidernes systematik. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, Series 5, 4, 143- 220.
- Linkletter, L.E., Lord, E.I. & Dadswell, M.J. (1977) A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 68 pp.
- Linko, A.K. (1911) Gidroidy (Hydroidea). Tom I. Haleciidae, Lafoeidae, Bonneviellidae i Campanulariidae. Fauna Rossii i Supredelnykh Stran, 1, 1-250.
- Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp.
- Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Pars II. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 533-1317.
- Logan, A. (1988) A sublittoral hard substrate epibenthic community below 30 m in Head Harbour Passage, New Brunswick, Canada. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 27, 445-459.
- Logan, A., MacKay, A.A. & Noble, J.P.A. (1983) Sublittoral hard substrates. In: Thomas, M.L.H. (Ed.), Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64, pp. 119-139.
- Logan, A., Page, F.H. & Thomas, M.L.H. (1984) Depth zonation of epibenthos on sublittoral hard substrates off Deer Island, Bay of Fundy, Canada. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 18, 571-592.
- Lorenz, L. von (1886) Polypomedusen von Jan Mayen. Gesammelt von Dr. F. Fischer. Die Internationale Polarforschung 1882-1883. Die Osterreichische Polarstation Jan Mayen, 3, 25-28.
- Loven, S. (1836) Bidrag till kannedomen af slagtena Campanularia och Syncoryna. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, for Ar 1835, 260-281.
- Lutken, C. (1850) Nogle bemaerkninger om medusernes systematiske inddeling, navnlig med hensyn til Forbes's history of Brittish naked-eyed medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn, 1850, 15-35.
- Macgillivray, J. (1842) Catalogue of the marine zoophytes of the neighbourhood of Aberdeen. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9, 462-469.
- Marktanner-Turneretscher, G. (1890) Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 5, 195-286.
- Maronna, M.M., Miranda, T.P., Pena Cantero, A.L., Barbeitos, M.S. & Marques, A.C. (2016) Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports, 6, 18075. [published online] https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18075
- Marques, A.C. (1995) Eudendrium pocaruquarum n.sp. (Hydrozoa, Eudendriidae) from the southeastern coast of Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic approaches to the family Eudendriidae. Contributions to Zoology, 65, 35-40.
- Marques, A.C. & Calder, D.R. (2000) Eudendrium bathyalis, a new species of hydroid (Hydrozoa: Anthomedusae: Eudendriidae) from Bermuda. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113, 124-128.
- Marques, A.C., Mergner, H., Hoinghaus, R., Santos, C.M.D. & Vervoort, W. (2000) Morphological study and taxonomical notes on Eudendriidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae/Anthomedusae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 74, 75-118.
- Marques, A.C. & Migotto, A.E. (1998) A new species of Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Anthomedusae: Eudendriidae) from the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 323, 149-154.
- Marques, A.C. & Oliveira, O.M.P. (2003) Eudendrium caraiuru sp. n. (Hydrozoa; Anthoathecata; Eudendriidae) from the southeastern coast of Brazil. Zootaxa, 307 (1), 1-12.
- Marques, A.C., Pena Cantero, A.L. & Vervoort, W. (2000) Mediterranean species of Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae, Eudendriidae) with the description of a new species. Journal of Zoology, 252, 197-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00615.x
- Mayer, A.G. (1910a) Medusae of the world. Volume I. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 1-230.
- Mayer, A.G. (1910b) Medusae of the world. Volume II. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication 109, 231-498.
- Mayer, A.G. (1918) Biographical memoir of William Stimpson 1832-1872. National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Biographical Memoirs, 8, 419-433.
- McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103-221.
- McLean, M.F., Dadswell, M.J. & Stokesbury, M.J.W. (2013) Feeding ecology of Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus Mitchill, 1815 on the infauna of intertidal mudflats of Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 29, 503-509.
- Medel, M.D., Garcia, F.G. & Vervoort, W. (1998) The family Haleciidae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Strait of Gibraltar and nearby areas. Zoologische Mededelingen, 72, 29-50.
- Medel, M.D. & Vervoort, W. (2000) Atlantic Haleciidae and Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 330, 1-68.
- Mereschkowsky, C. (1878) Studies on the Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 1, 322-340.
- Meyen, F.J.F. (1834) Beitrage zur Zoologie, gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde. Funfte Abhandlung. Uber das Leuchten des Meeres und Beschreibung einiger Polypen und anderer niederer Thiere. Novorum Actorum Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 16, 125-216.
- Miglietta, M.P., Schuchert, P. & Cunningham, C.W. (2009) Reconciling genealogical and morphological species in a worldwide study of the family Hydractiniidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Zoologica Scripta, 38, 403-430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00376.x
- Migotto, A.E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 306, 1-125.
- Millard, N.A.H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 43, 173-243.
- Millard, N.A.H. (1958) Hydrozoa from the coasts of Natal and Portuguese East Africa. Part I. Calyptoblastea. Annals of the South African Museum, 44, 165-226.
- Millard, N.A.H. (1962) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum, 46, 261-319.
- Millard, N.A.H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1-513.
- Millard, N.A.H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the Cruise MD.03 of the Marion- Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73, 1-47.
- Motz-Kossowska, S. (1905) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. I. - Hydraires gymnoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Serie 4, 3, 39-98.
- Motz-Kossowska, S. (1911) Contribution a la connaissance des hydraires de la Mediterranee occidentale. II. - Hydraires calyptoblastiques. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 5me Serie, 6, 325-352.
- Moura, C.J., Harris, D.J., Cunha, M.R. & Rogers, A.D. (2008) DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from coastal and deep-sea environments. Zoologica Scripta, 37, 93-108.
- Murbach, L. & Shearer, C. (1902) Preliminary report on a collection of medusae from the coast of British Columbia and Alaska. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 9, 71-73.
- Nagao, Z. (1964) The life cycle of the hydromedusa, Nemopsis dofleini Maas, with a supplementary note on the life-history of Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 37, 153-162.
- Naumov, D.V. (1951) Nekotorye dannye o zhiznennykh tsiklakh metageneticheskikh meduz. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 76, 747-750.
- Naumov, D.V. (1960) Gidroidy i gidromeduzy morskikh, solonovatovodnykh i presnovodnykh basseinov SSSR. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR, 70, 1-626.
- Naumov, D.V. & Stepanjants, S.D. (1962) Gidroidy podotryada Thecaphora, sobrannye v antarkticheskikh i subantarkticheskikh vodakh sovetskoi antarkticheskoi ekspeditsiei na dizel-elektrokhode "Ob". Resultaty Biologicheskikh Issledovanii Sovetskoi Antarkticheskoi Ekspeditsii (1955-1958), Volume 1. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1, 69-104.
- Nawrocki, A.M. & Cartwright, P. (2012) A novel mode of colony formation in a hydrozoan through fusion of sexually generated individuals. Current Biology, 22, 825-829.
- Nawrocki, A.M., Collins, A.G., Hirano, Y.M., Schuchert, P. & Cartwright, P. (2013) Phylogenetic placement of Hydra and relationships within Aplanulata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67, 60-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.016
- Nawrocki, A.M., Schuchert, P. & Cartwright, P. (2010) Phylogenetics and evolution of Capitata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), and the systematics of Corynidae. Zoologica Scripta, 39, 290-304.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00419.x
- Newcombe, C.L. (1935) A study of the community relationships of the sea mussel, Mytilus edulis L. Ecology, 16, 234-243. https://doi.org/10.2307/1932430
- Norman, A.M. (1864) On undescribed British Hydrozoa, Actinozoa, and Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 3, 13, 82-90.
- Norman, A.M. (1867) Report of the committee appointed for the purpose of exploring the coasts of the Hebrides by means of the dredge.-Part II. On the Crustacea, Echinodermata, Polyzoa, Actinozoa, and Hydrozoa. Report of the Thirty-Sixth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Nottingham in August 1866; Reports on the State of Science, 1867,193-206.
- Nutting, C.C. (1896) Notes on Plymouth hydroids. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, New Series, 4, 146-154.
- Nutting, C.C. (1899) Hydroida from Alaska and Puget Sound. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21, 741- 753.
- Nutting, C.C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1-285.
- Nutting, C.C. (1901a) The hydroids of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 19, 325-386.
- Nutting, C.C. (1901b) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XXI. The hydroids. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 3, 157-216.
- Nutting, C.C. (1901c) Correspondence. American Naturalist, 35, 789.
- Nutting, C.C. (1904) American hydroids. Part II. The Sertularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (2), 1-325.
- Nutting, C.C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, 1905, pp. 931-959. [A note in the Table of Contents of the bulletin records that this article, variously dated in the literature, was "Issued December 23, 1905"]
- Nutting, C.C. (1915) American hydroids. Part III. The Campanularidae and the Bonneviellidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (3), 1-126.
- Oken, L. (1815) Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. III. Theil. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Oken, Jena, 842 pp.
- Orbigny, A. d' (1842, 1847) Voyage dans l'Amerique Meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique orientale de l'Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, La Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivia, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833. Atlas. Livraison 58. Tome 5. 4e Partie. Zoophytes. Levrault, Strasbourg, 7-28. [dating of this reference follows Sherborn & Griffin (1934), with the plates published in 1842 and the text in 1847]
- Ostman, C. (1999) Nematocysts and their value as taxonomic parameters within the Campanulariidae (Hydrozoa). A review based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Zoosystematica Rossica, 1 (Supplement), 17-28.
- Owen, R. (1843) Lectures on the comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals: delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1843. Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans, London, 392 pp.
- Pallas, P.S. (1766) Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Franciscum Varrentrapp, Hagae, 451 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6595
- Pallas, P.S. (1771) Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs. Erster Theil. Kayserliche Academie der Wissenschaften, St. Petersburg, 504 pp.
- Park, J.H. (1997) Four athecate hydroids from Korean waters. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 13, 83-92.
- Pena Cantero, A.L. (2010) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Peter I Island (Southern Ocean, Antarctica). Polar Biology, 33, 761-773.
- Pena Cantero, A.L. (2013) Benthic hydroids from off Low Island (Southern Ocean, Antarctica). Marine Ecology, 34 (Supplement 1), 123-142.
- Pena Cantero, A.L. (2014) Revision of the Antarctic species of Halecium Oken, 1815 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Haleciidae). Zootaxa, 3790 (2), 243-280.
- Pena Cantero, A.L., Boero, F. & Piraino, S. (2013) Shallow-water benthic hydroids from Tethys Bay (Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica). Polar Biology, 36, 731-753.
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-013-1299-3
- Pena Cantero, A.L. & Gili, J.M. (2006) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from off Bouvet Island (Antarctic Ocean). Polar Biology, 29, 764-771.
- Pena Cantero, A.L., Sentandreu, V. & Latorre, A. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships of the endemic Antarctic benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): what does the mitochondrial 16S rRNA tell us about it? Polar Biology, 33, 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-009-0683-5
- Peron, F. & Lesueur, C.A. (1810) Tableau des caracteres generiques et specifiques de toutes les especes de meduses connues jusqu'a ce jour. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 14, 325-366.
- Petersen, K.W. (1964) The sessile Hydrozoa. In: Smith, R.I. (Ed.), Keys to marine invertebrates of the Woods Hole region. Systematics-Ecology Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Contribution Number 11, pp. 8-20.
- Petersen, K.W. (1979) Development of coloniality in Hydrozoa. In: Larwood, G. & Rosen, B.R. (Eds.), Biology and systematics of colonial animals. Academic Press, New York, pp. 105-139.
- Petersen, K.W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 101-231.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1990.tb01862.x
- Petrie, B. & Jordan, F. (1993) Nearshore, shallow-water temperature atlas for Nova Scotia. Canadian Technical Report of Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, 145, 1-84.
- Picard, J. (1951) Note sur les hydraires littoraux de Banyuls-sur-Mer.Vie et Milieu, 2, 338-349.
- Pictet, C. (1893) Voyage de Mm. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais. Etude sur les hydraires de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie et Annales du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 1, 1-64.
- Pieper, F.W. (1884) Erganzungen zu "Heller's Zoophyten etc. des Adriatischen Meeres." Zoologischer Anzeiger, 7, 164-169.
- Pinhey, K.F. (1927) Entomostraca of the Belle Isle Strait Expedition, 1923, with notes on other planktonic species: Part II; and a record of other collections in the region. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 3, 331-346. https://doi.org/10.1139/f26-013
- Pourtales, L.F. de (1867) Contributions to the fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, in Cambridge, 1, 103-120.
- Powell, A.E., Moreno, M., Gloria-Soria, A, Lakkis, F.G., Dellaporta, S.L. & Buss, L.W. (2011) Genetic background and allorecognition phenotype in Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics, 1, 499-503. https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.111.001149
- Prudkovsky, A.A., Nikitin, M.A., Berumen, M.L., Ivanenko, V.N. & Reimer, J.D. (2016) On the paraphyly of Cytaeididae and placement of Cytaeis within the suborder Filifera (Hydrozoa: Anthoathecata). Marine Biodiversity, 18 June 2016, 1-8. [published online]
- Puce, S., Cerrano, C. & Bavestrello, G. (2002) Eudendrium (Cnidaria, Anthomedusae) from the Antarctic Ocean with description of two new species. Polar Biology, 25, 366-373.
- Puce, S., Cerrano, C., Di Camillo, C., Bavestrello, G. & Marques, A.C. (2006) Eudendrium (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Bunaken Marine Park, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia. Zoological Studies, 45, 616-625.
- Puce, S., Cerrano, C., Marques, A.C. & Bavestrello, G. (2005) Eudendrium klausi (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa), a new species of hydroid from Belize. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 291-305. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315405011185h
- Ralph, P.M. (1958) New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part II.-Families Lafoeidae, Lineolariidae, Haleciidae and Syntheciidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 85, 301-356.
- Rees, W.J. (1938) Observations on British and Norwegian hydroids and their medusae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 23, 1-42.
- Rees, W.J. (1941) Notes on British and Norwegian hydroids and medusae. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 25, 129-141.
- Rees, W.J. (1956) A revision of some northern gymnoblastic hydroids in the Zoological Museum, Oslo. Nytt Magasin for Zoologi, 4, 109-120.
- Rees, W.J. & Vervoort, W. (1987) Hydroids from the John Murray Expedition to the Indian Ocean, with revisory notes on Hydrodendron, Abietinella, Cryptolaria and Zygophylax (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 237, 1-209.
- Ritchie, J. (1907) The hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45, 519-545.
- Romanes, G.J. (1876) An account of some new species, varieties, and monstrous forms of medusae. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 12, 524-531.
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1876.tb00228.x
- Ronowicz, M. & Schuchert, P. (2007) Halecium arcticum (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new species of hydroid from Spitzbergen. Zootaxa, 1549, 55-62.
- Ronowicz, M., Wlodarska-Kowalczuk, M. & Kuklinski, P. (2013) Depth- and substrate-related patterns of species richness and distribution of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in Arctic coastal waters (Svalbard). Marine Ecology, 34 (Supplement 1), 165-176.
- Rosengarten, R.D., Moreno, M.A., Lakkis, F.G., Buss, L.W. & Dellaporta, S.L. (2011) Genetic diversity of the allodeterminant alr2 in Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 933-947. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq282
- Russell, F.S. (1953) The medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 530 pp.
- Russell, F.S. & Rees, W.J. (1936) On rearing the hydroid Zanclea implexa (Alder) and its medusa Zanclea gemmosa McCrady, with a review of the genus Zanclea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, New Series, 21, 107-130.
- Sars, M. (1877) Nye og mindre bekjendte Coelenterater. New and little known coelenterates. In: Koren, J. & Danielssen, D.C. (Eds.), Fauna littoralis Norvegiae. 3die Hefte. J.D. Beyer, Bergen, pp. 1-48.
- Sars, G.O. (1874) Bidrag til kundskaben om norges hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania, 1873, 91- 150.
- Sars, M. (1835) Beskrivelser og iagttagelser over nogle maerkelige eller nye i havet ved den Bergenske kyst levende dyr af polypernes, acalephernes, radiaternes, annelidernes og molluskernes classer, med en kort oversigt over de hidtil af forfatteren sammesteds fundne arter og deres forekommen. Thorstein Hallagers Forlag, Bergen, 81 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13017
- Sars, M. (1846) Fauna littoralis Norvegiae oder Beschreibung und Abbildungen neuer oder wenig bekannten Seethiere, nebst Beobachtungen uber die Organisation, Lebensweise u. Entwickelung derselben. Erstes Heft. Johann Dahl, Christiania, 94 pp.
- Sars, M. (1850) Beretning om en i Sommeren 1849 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 6, 121-211.
- Sars, M. (1857) Bidrag til kundskaben om Middelhavets littoral-fauna, reisebemaerkninger fra Italien. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 9, 110-164.
- Schonborn, C., Arndt, E.A. & Gosselck, F. (1993) Bestimmungsschlussel der benthischen Hydrozoen der Ostsee. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 69, 201-253.
- Schuchert, P. (1996) The marine fauna of New Zealand: athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 106, 1-159.
- Schuchert, P. (2001a) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om GrOnland, Bioscience, 53, 1- 184.
- Schuchert, P. (2001b) Survey of the family Corynidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 108, 739-878. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80165
- Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137-256.
- Schuchert, P. (2004) Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 111, 315-369.
- Schuchert, P. (2005a) Taxonomic revision and systematic notes on some Halecium species. Journal of Natural History, 39, 607-639.
- Schuchert, P. (2005b) Species boundaries in the hydrozoan genus Coryne. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 36, 194- 199.
- Schuchert, P. (2006) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 1. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 113, 325-410.
- Schuchert, P. (2007) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 2. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114, 195-396.
- Schuchert, P. (2008a) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 3. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 221-302.
- Schuchert, P. (2008b) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera Part 4. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 115, 677-757.
- Schuchert, P. (2010) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Capitata Part 2. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 117, 337-555.
- Schuchert, P. (2012) North-west European athecate hydroids and their medusae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 59, 1-364.
- Schuchert, P. (2017) Hydrozoa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http:// www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1337 (accessed 8 March 2017)
- Schydlowsky, A. (1902) Materiaux relatifs a la faune des polypes hydraires des mers arctiques. I-Les hydraires de la Mer Blanche le long du littoral des Jles Solowetsky. Travaux de la Societe des Naturalistes a l'Universite Imperiale de Kharkov, 36, 1-276.
- Segura-Puertas, L., Celis, L. & Chiaverano, L. (2009) Medusozoans (Cnidaria: Cubozoa, Scyphozoa, and Hydrozoa) of the Gulf of Mexico. In: Felder, D.L. & Camp, D.K. (Eds.), Gulf of Mexico-Origins, Waters, and Biota. Vol. 1. Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas, pp. 369-379.
- Shih, C.-T. (1977) A guide to the jellyfish of Canadian Atlantic waters. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Natural History Series, 5, 90 pp.
- Shih, C.-T., Figueira, A.J.G. & Grainger, E.H. (1971) A synopsis of Canadian marine zooplankton. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin, 176, 1-264.
- Sisson, C.G. (2005) Life history dynamics and biogeography of a nudibranch with contrasting developmental modes: a hypothesis for the evolution of larval types. Journal of Natural History, 39, 1719-1733. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930400024709
- Smith, S.I. & Harger, O. (1875) Report on the dredgings in the region of St. George's Banks, in 1872. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science, 3, 1-57.
- Soto Angel, J.J. & Pena Cantero, A.L. (2015) On the benthic hydroids from the Scotia Arc (Southern Ocean): new insights into their biodiversity, ecology and biogeography. Polar Biology, 38, 983-1007.
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-015-1660-9
- Spasskii, N. (1929) K faune gidroidov Kol'skogo zaliva i yugo-zapadnoi chasti Barentseva morya. Raboty Murmanskoi Biologicheskoi Stantsii, 3, 1-48.
- Stafford, J. (1912) On the fauna of the Atlantic coast of Canada. Fourth report. Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1906-1910, 69-78.
- Stechow, E. (1909) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Herausgegeben von Dr. F. Doflein. Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. I. Teil: Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplement-Band, 1 (6), 1-111.
- Stechow, E. (1913) Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanularidae, Halecidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertularidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, Supplement-Band 2, 1-162. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11621
- Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 42, 1-172.
- Stechow, E. (1921a) Neue Genera und Species von Hydrozoen und anderen Evertebraten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A, 3, Heft, 87, 248-265.
- Stechow, E. (1921b) Uber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 53, 223-236.
- Stechow, E. (1925) Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899, 17, 383-546.
- Stechow, Ε. (1932) Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen uber einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100 (34), 81-92.
- Stepanjants, S. (1989) Hydrozoa of the Eurasian Arctic seas. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic seas. Climatology, oceanography, geology, and biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, pp. 397-430.
- Stimpson, W. (1853) Synopsis of the marine Invertebrata of Grand Manan: or the region about the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 6 (5), 1-67.
- Thomas, M.L.H. (1983) Tide pool systems. In: Thomas, M.L.H. (Ed.), Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64, pp. 95-106.
- Thomas, M.L.H., Arnold, D.C. & Taylor, A.R.A. (1983) Rocky intertidal communities. In: Thomas, M.L.H. (Ed.), Marine and coastal systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 64, pp. 35-73.
- Tichomiroff, A.A. (1887) K istorii razvitija gidroidov. Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii, pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete, 50 (Appendix 1), 1-69.
- Torrey, H.B. (1902) The Hydroida of the Pacific coast of North America, with especial reference to the species in the collection of the University of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 1, 1-104.
- Torrey, H.B. (1909) Contributions from the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association of San Diego. XXIV. The Leptomedusae of the San Diego region. University of California Publications in Zoology, 6, 11-31.
- Totton, A.K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V.-Hydroida. British Antarctic ("Terra Nova") Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, Zoology, 5 (5), 131-252.
- Trebilcock R.E. (1928) Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, New Series, 41, 1-31.
- Trott, T.J. (2004a) Cobscook Bay inventory: a historical checklist of marine invertebrates spanning 162 years. Northeastern Naturalist, 11 (Special Issue 2), 261-324.
- Trott, T.J. (2004b) Late 20th-century qualitative intertidal faunal changes in Cobscook Bay, Maine. Northeastern Naturalist, 11 (Special Issue 2), 325-354.
- Uchida, T. & Nagao, Z. (1960) The life-history of the hydromedusa, Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz). Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 33, 249-253.
- Van Beneden, P.-J. (1844a) Sur les genres Eleutherie et Synhydre. Bulletins de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles- Lettres de Bruxelles, 11 (2), 305-314.
- Van Beneden, P.-J. (1844b) Recherches sur l'embryogenie des tubulaires, et l'histoire naturelle des differents genres de cette famille qui habitent la Cote d'Ostende. Nouveaux Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 17 (6), 1-72.
- Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901- 1903, 11, Zoologie 3, 269-340.
- Vannucci, M. & Rees, W.J. (1961) A revision of the genus Bougainvillia (Anthomedusae). Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 11 (2), 57-100.
- Verrill, A.E. (1865) Classification of polyps: (extract condensed from a synopsis of the Polypi of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Captains Ringgold and Rodgers, U.S.N.). Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 4, 145-152.
- Verrill, A.E. (1871) Marine fauna of Eastport, ME. Proceedings of the Essex Institute, 3, 2-6.
- Verrill, A.E. (1873) Brief contributions to zoology, from the Museum of Yale College. No. XXIII.-Results of recent dredging expeditions on the coast of New England. American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 3, 5, 1-16.
- Verrill, A.E. (1874) Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and the adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characters of the region. Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries for 1871-1872, 295-747.
- Verrill, A.E. (1875) Brief contributions to zoology from the Museum of Yale College. No. XXXIII.-Results of dredging expeditions off the New England coast in 1874. American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 3, 10, 36-43.
- Verrill, A.E. (1878) Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America, No. 2. American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 3, 16, 371-378.
- Verrill, A.E. (1879) Preliminary check-list of the marine Invertebrata of the Atlantic coast, from Cape Cod to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, New Haven, Connecticut, 32 pp.
- Verrill, A.E. & Rathbun, R. (1880) List of marine Invertebrata from the New England coast, distributed by the U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 2, 227-232. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.82.227
- Vervoort, W. (1968) Report on a collection of Hydroida from the Caribbean region, including an annotated checklist of Caribbean hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 92, 1-124.
- Vervoort, W. (1972a) Hydroids from the Theta, Vema and Yelcho cruises of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 120, 1-247.
- Vervoort, W. (1972b) Hydroids from submarine cliffs near Arthur Harbour, Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. Zoologische Mededelingen, 47, 337-357.
- Vervoort, W. & Faasse, M. (2009) Overzicht van de Nederlandse Leptolida (=Hydroida) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Nederlandse Faunistische Mededelingen, 32, 1-207.
- Vervoort, W., Henry, L.-A. & Nizinski, M.S. (2011) Resdescription of the leptothecate hydroid Halecium macrocephalum Allman, 1877 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Journal of Natural History, 45, 2095-2104.
- Vervoort, W. & Watson, J.E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1-538.
- Warren, E. (1907) On Parawrightia robusta gen. et sp. nov., a hydroid from the Natal coast; and also an account of a supposed schizophyte occurring in the gonophores. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1, 187-208.
- Warren, E. (1908) On a collection of hydroids, mostly from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Government Museum, 1, 269- 355.
- Warren, E. (1916) On Hydrichthys boycei, a hydroid parasitic on fishes. Annals of the Durban Museum, 1, 172-187.
- Watson, J.E. (1975) Hydroids of Bruny Island, southern Tasmania. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 99, 157-176.
- Watson, J.E. (1980) The identity of two tubularian hydroids from Australia with a description and observations on the reproduction of Ralpharia magnifica gen. et sp. nov. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 41, 53-63.
- Watson, J.E. (1985) The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 97, 179-221.
- Watson, J.E. (1993) Two new species of Haleciidae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from southern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 105, 81-84.
- Watson, J.E. (1997) The hydroid fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In: Wells, F.E. (Ed.), The marine flora and fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 503-546.
- Watson, J.E. (2000) Hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptothecatae) from the Beagle Gulf and Darwin Harbour, northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory, 16, 1-82.
- Watson, J.E. (2003) Deep-water hydroids (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Macquarie Island. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 60, 151-180.
- Watson, J.E. (2005) Hydroids of the Archipelago of the Recherche and Esperance, Western Australia: annotated list, redescription of species and description of new species. In: Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I. & Kendrick, G.A. (Eds.), The marine flora and fauna of Esperance, Western Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, pp. 495-611.
- Watson, J.E. (2008) Hydroids of the BANZARE expeditions, 1929 - 1931: the family Haleciidae (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata) from the Australian Antarctic Territory. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 65, 165-178.
- Watson, J.E. (2015) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina) from the Kermadec Islands. In: Trnski, T. & Schlumpf, H.A. (Eds.), Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011. Bulletin of the Auckland Museum, 20, pp. 325-335.
- Watson, J.E. & Vervoort, W. (2001) The hydroid fauna of Tasmanian seamounts. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 334, 151-187.
- Weill, R. (1934) Contribution a l'etude des cnidaires et de leurs nematocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidome. Travaux de la Station Zoologique de Wimereux, 11, 351-701.
- Weismann, A. (1883) Die Entstehung der Sexualzellen bei den Hydromedusen. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Baues und der Lebenserscheinungen dieser Gruppe. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 295 pp.
- Werner, B. (1961) Morphologie und Lebensgeschichte, sowie Temperaturabhangigkeit der Verbreitung und des jahreszeitlichen Auftretens von Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz) (Athecatae-Anthomedusae). Helgolander Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen, 7, 206-237.
- Whiteaves, J.F. (1873) Report on a second deep-sea dredging expedition to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, with some remarks on the marine fisheries of the Province of Quebec. Appendix K. In: Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, for the Year Ending the 30th June, 1872. I.B. Taylor, Ottawa, pp. 113-132.
- Whiteaves, J.F. (1875) Notes on a deep-sea dredging-expedition round the island of Anticosti, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Naturalist and Quarterly Journal of Science, New Series, 7, 86-100.
- Whiteaves, J.F. (1901) Catalogue of the marine Invertebrata of eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Separate Report, 722, 1-271.
- Wright, T.S. (1858) Observations on British zoophytes. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, New Series, 7, 282-287.
- Wright, T.S. (1859) Observations on British zoophytes. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, New Series, 10, 105-114.
- Yamada, M. (1954) Species of the genus Eudendrium from Japan. Publications from the Akkeshi Marine Biological Station, 2, 1-19.
- Yamada, Y. (1964) Rhizogeton ezoense n.sp., a new hydroid from Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 6, Zoology, 15, 395-397.
- Yamada, M. & Hirano, Y. (1983) Records of two hydromedusae from Akkeshi Bay. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Systematic Zoology, 25, 7-10.