Published October 11, 2021 | Version v1
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Emergence and radiation of distemper viruses in terrestrial and marine mammals - Input files, bash and R codes for analysing PDV and CDV sequence data

  • 1. University of Copenhagen
  • 2. Tufts University
  • 3. NIVA Denmark Water Research*
  • 4. University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover*

Description

Canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus (PDV) are major pathogens to terrestrial and marine mammals. Yet little is known about the timing and geographical origin of distemper viruses and to what extent it was influenced by environmental change and human activities. To address this, we i) performed the first comprehensive time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis of the two distemper viruses; ii) mapped distemper antibody and virus detection data from marine mammals collected between 1972-2018; iii) and compiled historical reports on distemper dating back to the 18th century. We find that CDV and PDV diverged in the early 17th century. Modern CDV strains last shared a common ancestor in the 19th century with a marked radiation during the 1930s-50s. Modern PDV strains are of more recent origin, diverging in the 1970s-80s. Based on the compiled information on distemper distribution, the diverse host range of CDV and basal phylogenetic placement of terrestrial morbilliviruses, we hypothesize a terrestrial CDV-like ancestor giving rise to PDV in the North Atlantic. Moreover, given the estimated timing of distemper origin and radiation, we hypothesize a prominent role of environmental change such as the Little Ice Age, and human activities like globalisation and war in distemper virus evolution.

Notes

Funding provided by: Velux Fonden
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008397
Award Number: 123012

Funding provided by: Innovationsfonden
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012774
Award Number: 6180-00001B and 6180-00002B

Funding provided by: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: FKZ 03F0767A

Funding provided by: Academy of Finland
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
Award Number: 311966

Funding provided by: Stiftelsen för Miljöstrategisk Forskning
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007633
Award Number:

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Additional details

Related works

Is derived from
10.5281/zenodo.5539996 (DOI)
Is source of
10.5281/zenodo.5539998 (DOI)