Development of Wildlife Conservation System using Energy-Efficient Real-Time Sensor Networking

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can be used to protect the wild animals from being accidents on roads or railway tracks in the vicinity of reserve forest areas due to its smart sensing and distributed networking architecture. This paper proposes a novel strategy that reduces the probability of accidents of wild animals by the car, railway, or any civil infrastructure surrounded by a forest area. Our WSN based system is made up of a two-tier architecture which can enhance the battery life and reduce the end to end delay by decreasing the number of hops between source and the sink node. The proposed system is capable of the generic target (animal) tracking in the surrounding area of wildlife passages, i.e., national highways or railway tracks, which built in the vicinity of reserve forest to establish safe ways for animals to cross transportation infrastructures. Besides, it allows target identification through the use of motion & image sensors connected to the nodes deployed strategically. The communication between the sensor nodes is established using the Zigbee wireless protocol (IEEE 802.15.4), and the connection between the cluster node and the remote server has been established using the WiFi protocol (IEEE802.11). The alert message from the sensor node is 1st received by the cluster node, which is used for controlling the traffic management system. Furthermore, the alert message is sent to the remote server where it is stored in the database for behavioral studies of animals.