Data for contribution of marine phytoplankton and bacteria to ocean alkalinity

The contributions of phytoplankton and bacteria cells to alkalinity (A_T) were measured in seawater samples obtained from 205 locations including the East Sea, the North Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Arctic Ocean. We attributed the differences in A_T values measured for unfiltered versus filtered samples to A_T components contributed by phytoplankton (retained on a 0.7 µm filter) and by phytoplankton and bacteria combined (A_T-BIO; retained on a 0.45 µm filter). The A_T-BIO values reached 10-19 μmol kg^-1 in the East Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, and progressively decreased to a level of 1 μmol kg^-1 with distance towards the Arctic Ocean. The study shows that the A_T-BIO values are non-negligible in coastal and open ocean environments and need to be considered when assessing the accuracy of carbon parameters calculated using the thermodynamic models that use measured A_T as an input parameter.