Cáncer de estómago: factores de riesgo, diagnóstico y tratamiento
Creators
- 1. Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Haciendita, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México, C.P. 39070.
- 2. Instituto Educativo Stephen Hawking, Chilpancingo, Guerrero. México.
- 3. Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Av. Lázaro Cárdenas, S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Haciendita, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México, C.P. 39070.
Description
RESUMEN
El cáncer de estómago es dos veces más frecuente en hombres y, en 2020, ocupó el tercer lugar en incidencia entre los varones mexicanos. En México, faltan programas de detección precoz y de educación sobre las medidas que pueden evitar la evolución de enfermedades gástricas a cáncer. Se conoce mucho sobre la historia natural del cáncer de estómago de tipo intestinal y sobre los factores que causan carcinogénesis, no obstante, la prevalencia de este tumor sigue incrementando. Difundir esta y la información sobre factores que protegen de la carcinogénesis gástrica es nuestro propósito.
Algunos hábitos alimenticios, estilos de vida, factores del ambiente y genéticos del huésped hacen sinergia para inducir cáncer de estómago. Agentes infecciosos como Helicobacter pylori, el virus de Epstein Barr (VEB), citomegalovirus (CMV) y Mycoplasma, sp., inducen inflamación gástrica, que puede desembocar malignidad. El tratamiento de infecciones gástricas puede revertir las lesiones premalignas y frenar la carcinogénesis. El cáncer gástrico es tratable en etapas tempranas, en estadios avanzados, la sobrevida se reduce a meses. La ausencia de síntomas específicos, la falta de herramientas diagnósticas no invasivas y la inexistencia de programas de detección temprana propician el diagnóstico tardío de cáncer gástrico y la alta mortalidad. La endoscopía es el método de elección para el diagnóstico de lesiones precancerosas y cáncer. La cirugía es la terapia indicada para el cáncer de estómago, y la radio o quimioterapia postoperatorias son alternativas complementarias. Atender oportunamente la gastritis u otros problemas digestivos es una medida de protección contra el cáncer gástrico.
ABSTRACT
Stomach cancer is twice as common in men and, in 2020, it ranked third in incidence among Mexican men. There is a lack of early detection and education programs on the measures that can prevent the evolution from gastric diseases to cancer, in Mexico. In recent years progress has been made in understanding the natural history of intestinal-type stomach cancer and the factors that cause carcinogenesis; however, the prevalence of this tumor continues to increase. Disseminate this and the information on factors that protect against gastric carcinogenesis is our purpose.
Some host´s dietary habits, lifestyles, genetic factors, and environmental factors work synergistically to induce stomach cancer. Infectious agents such as Helicobacter pylori, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Mycoplasma, sp., Induce gastric inflammation, which can lead to malignancy. Treatment of gastric infections can reverse premalignant lesions and slow carcinogenesis. Gastric cancer is treatable in the early stages, in advanced stages, survival is reduced to months. The absence of specific symptoms, the lack of non-invasive diagnostic tools, and the inexistence of early detection programs favor the late diagnosis of gastric cancer and high mortality. Endoscopy is the method of choice for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and cancer. Surgery is the indicated therapy for stomach cancer, and postoperative radio or chemotherapy are complementary alternatives. Promptly treating gastritis or other digestive problems is a protective measure against gastric cancer.
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- Journal article: https://repositorioinstitucional.buap.mx/handle/20.500.12371/14362 (URL)
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