Odontozona sculpticaudata Holthuis 1946

Odontozona sculpticaudata Holthuis, 1946

(Figs. 20–23)

Odontozona sculpticaudata Holthuis, 1946: 37.— McNeill. 1968: 7.— Burukovsky, 1974: 93.— Gore, 1981: 158.— Goy, 1981: 850.—Wicksten, 1982: 134.— Burukovsky, 1983: 131.— Devaney & Bruce, 1987: 222.— Dounas & Koukouras, 1989: 345.— Pretus, 1990: 349.— Manning & Chace, 1990: 31.— Okuno, 2003: 175.— Poore et al., 2008: 92.— Saito & Fujita, 2009: 124.— Goy, 2010: 221, figs. 65.4B, 65.10C.— De Grave & Fransen, 2011: 252.— Anker & Tavares, 2013: 429.— Hendrickx & Ayón-Parente, 2014: 345.

Material examined. New Caledonia.—Récif Lareignière, 3–12 m, 4. IX.1991, collector J. L. Menou, 1 female ov. (MNHN).—Noumea, Baie de Citron, 0.5–5 m, 1.VI.1999, collector G. Paulay, 1 male (UF 3428).— Loyalty Islands. Lagoon, Mare Island, 1887, 1 female ov. (MNHN).

Redescription. Rostrum (Figs. 20 A, B) compressed, slender, almost reaching end of antennular peduncle, with 9 dorsal, 4 ventral, and no lateral spines.

Carapace (Figs. 20 A, B) with distinct cervical and postcervical grooves, bearing 25 and 63 spines on cinctures, respectively; remainder of carapace with many transverse rows and scattered spinules. Strong orbital, antennal, branchiostegal spnes; 2 smaller pterygostomian spines,

First abdominal pleomere with 2 transverse carinae, dorsally with row of setae, pleura ends in 3 teeth. Second abdominal pleomere wth 2 transverse carinae joining to sharp point in posterior third of pleuron; pleura ends in small anterior tooth. Third pleomere with 8 longitudinal carinae; 2 transvere carinae on pleural posterior half; pleura ends in 2 anterior teeth. Fourth pleomere with 3 short median transverse carinae anteriorly, 2 posteriorly; posterior end of pleura rounded. Fifth pleomere with median transverse carina posteriorly; pleura ending in 3 teeth. Anterolateral margin of sixth pleomere (Fig. 20 C) with 2 rows of 5–6, 9 spinules.

Eyes (Figs. 20 A, B) pigmented, cornea equal peduncle length. Ophthalmic peduncle robust, dorsally and medially with 7 strong spines.

Telson (Fig. 20 C) long, lanceolate, median longitudinal carinae provided with 6 strong spines. Telsonal base with pair of large outer spines; 3 pairs of spines from base to midway between longitudinal carinae. Lateral margins with strong spine at midlength; posterior margin with pair of small rounded spines.

Uropods (Fig. 20 C) with well developed rami not exceeding telsonal length; protopodite stout ending in 3 small teeth. Exopodite with 9 teeth on its outer margin, including slightly larger terminal tooth; dorsal surface bears 2 longitudinal ridges. Endopodite with 4 teeth on outer margin; dorsal surface with long outer, short inner longitudinal ridges, row of 3 spines outside outer ridge.

Antennular peduncle (Fig. 20 B) extending to middle of scaphocerite; proximal segment longest with strong stylocerite on outer margin; middle segment slightly shorter than proximal segment with large spine distomedially; distal segment 0.5 length of middle segment, unarmed. Upper and lower flagella reaching to end of telson.

Antenna (Figs. 20 A, B) with scaphocerite reaching about half its length past rostrum, outer margin with 9 teeth, upper surface with 2 distinct longitudinal carinae, 3 small outer spines; basicerite with 2 distal spines. Flagellum well developed extending beyond tip of telsom.

Epistome (Fig. 20 D) elongated anteriorly ending in 2 pairs of spines; labrum normally developed; paragnath with medin fissure.

Mandible (Fig. 20 E) robust, with short, fused molar and incisor processes; incisor with 10 teeth; palp well developed, 3-segmented; segments equal in length; proximal segent glbrous, middle and distal segments setose. Maxillule (Fig. 20 F) with slender undivided endopodite with 3 plumose setae; proximal endite broad, truncate distally, with numerous distal compound spinose and plumose setae; distal endite rounded with numerous plumose setae.

Maxilla (Fig. 20 G) with numerous plumose setae on both lobes of coxal and basal endites. Endopodite long, slender, exceeding anterior margin of scaphognathite with distal and outer marginal plumose setae. Scaphognathite long, narrow, fringed with numerous plumose setae.

First maxilliped (Fig. 21 A) with 3-segmented endopodite; proximal segment longest with 8 long plumose seate on outer margin, 3 short plumose setae on inner margin; middle segment nearly as long as proximal segment with 12 long plumose setae on outer magin; distal segment 0.5 length of middle segment, unarmed. Basipodite large, rounded anterior, straight middle, rounded posterior, bearing dense fringe of plumose seate. Exopodite long with 17 long plumose distolateral stae. Large epipod with proximal and distal lobes.

Second maxilliped (Fig. 21 B) with 4-segmented endopodite; dactylus elongate with dense fringe of short setae alond distolateral margin; propodus slightly larger than dactylus, densely setose on dorsal margin, ventral margin bearing small acute proximal tooth; carpus equal dactylar length with 5 long seta at distodorsal edge; merus 2 times dactylar length, 2 distodorsal setae, ventral margin slightly convex with 8 long simple setae; ischium fused to basis, both lobate with few short setae. Exopodite long, slender with 13 plumose setae distolaterally.

Third maxilliped (Fig. 21 C) with 7-segmented endopodite, dactylus, propodus, and carpus equal in length, with numerous long plumose seate; propodus with setiferous organ at distomesial angle; merus, ischium equal in length, merus with 3 pines on outer margin; ischium with 4 large spines on outer margin, 2 smaller spines at distodorsal edge; basis and cox fused, unarmed; exopodite long. With distal half bearing numerous plumose setae (not shown).

First pereiopod (Fig. 20 A) with segments glabrous; fingers bearing small tufts of setae; distodorsal part of carpus and distoproximal part of propodus with setiferous organ.

Second pereiopod (Fig. 20 A) longer than first, segments glabrous, fingers bearing small tufts of setae.

Third pereiopod (Figs. 21 D, E) strongest, robust; ischium with anterodorsal spine; merus 5 dorsal, 4 ventral spines, 4 smaller dorsomesial spines; carpus with 10 dorsal, 4 dorsolateral, 5 ventral spines; propodus with 15 dorsal, 7 ventral spines; dactylus with 2 proximal dorsal spines. Cutting edges with large proximal tooth on propodus that fits into space between small tooth and large proximal rounded tooth on dactylus; distally rows of small peglike teeth separated by chitinous laminae.

Fourth and fifth pereiopods (Fig. 20 A) long, slender, carpi with 3 ventral movable spines; propodi with 13–15 ventral movable spines. Segmentation of carpi and propodi indistinct; dactylar unguis and corpus not separated.

Measurements (mm). PCL: Females, 6.2, 6.8, Male, 5.6; RCL: 4.6, 5.2, 4.2: TL: 16.4, 18.0, 13.7. Eggs in early stage of development in the Mare Island specimen totaled 217 and measured 0.22 × 0.18 mm.

Distribution. Indonesia, Enewetak Atoll, Ryukyu Archipelago, Red Sea, Australia, New Caledonia (see Remarks).

Coloration. Body coloration when chromatophores are contracted (Fig. 22) are light red with second, third and sixth abdominal pleomeres having transverse light red bands postertiorly; carapace laterally red, spines along cervical, postcervical groove red. Tips of dactyli, fixed fingers of third pereiopod white, rest of propodus, carpus and merus orange, ischium pink. Antennae and other appendages semitransparent, pinkish. Posterior half of telson, uropods red. Body coloration and most appendages when chromatophores are expanded (Fig. 23) bright red. Middle of fourth, sixth abdominal pleomeres, and anterior half of telson white. Third pereiopod tips of dactyli and fixed finger white, rest of propodus, carpus, and merus pink, ischium red; eyes golden brown.

Remarks. The two females and male collected in New Caledonia agree rather well with the female holotype described by Holthuis (1946) from Indonesia. Holthuis (1946) only illustrated a lateral view of the holotype and the scaphocerite, but the holotype was missing the third pereiopods. Complete illustrations of the Mare Island specimen’s mouthparts and appendages are provided here (Figs. 20, 21).

An additional 16 specimens of O. sculpticaudata were examined throughout much of its zoogeoraphical range, Enewetak Atoll (BPBM S10090); Ophir Bay, Red Sea (RMNH NS 4177, NS 4409, SLR 288); and Northwest Shelf of Australia (MV J46839, J61271). This exemplifies some of the variation seen in this species of Odontozona. The rostrum bears 5–9 dorsal, 0–6 ventral spines. The cervical groove has 16–32 marginal spines, while there are 44–78 spinules along the postcervical groove. The outer margin of the scaphocerite bears 7–14 spines and 1–10 spines on its upper surface. The third maxilliped has 1–5 meral teeth on the outer margin and 0–3 carpal teeth. The outer margin of the uropodal exopodite bears 6–10 teeth and that of the endopodite has 1–4 teeth. Sometimes there is a spine on the posterior margin of the telson and the fourth and fifth pereiopods have 9–26 movable propodal spines.