Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published August 13, 2003 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling

Creators

Description

VOSS, ROBERT S., JANSA, SHARON A. (2003): Phylogenetic Studies On Didelphid Marsupials Ii. Nonmolecular Data And New Irbp Sequences: Separate And Combined Analyses Of Didelphine Relationships With Denser Taxon Sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (276): 1-82, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2003)276<0001:PSODMI>2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0090%282003%29276%3C0001%3APSODMI%3E2.0.CO%3B2

Files

source.pdf

Files (2.5 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:055d816ff338063380df8128577f2613
2.5 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:055D816FF3380633FFDF8128577F2613
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/055D816FF3380633FFDF8128577F2613

Has part
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F964F917F3040673FCE7852C562B23DE (URL)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353496 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353498 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353500 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353502 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353506 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353508 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353510 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353512 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353514 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353516 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353518 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353520 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353522 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353524 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353526 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353528 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353530 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353532 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353534 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353536 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353538 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353540 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.5353542 (DOI)

References

  • Abdala, F., D.A. Flores, and N.P. Giannini. 2001. Postweaning ontogeny of the skull of Didelphis albiventris. Journal of Mammalogy 82: 190- 200.
  • Ade, M. 1999. External morphology and evolution of the rhinarium of Lagomorpha. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin zoologische Reihe 75: 191-216.
  • Allen, J.A. 1893. Description of a new species of opossum from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 5: 235-236.
  • Allen, J.A. 1897. Further notes on mammals collected in Mexico by Dr. Audley C. Buller, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 9: 47- 58.
  • Allen, J.A. 1898. Descriptions of new mammals from western Mexico and lower California. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 10: 143-158.
  • Anderson, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1-652.
  • Archer, C.W., H. Morrison, M.T. Bayliss, and M.W.J. Ferguson. 1997. The use of Monodelphis domestica as a model for musculo-skeletal development. In N. Saunders and L. Hinds (editors), Marsupial biology: recent research, new perspectives: 108-118.Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
  • Archer, M. 1976a. The basicranial region of marsupicarnivores (Marsupialia), interrelationships of carnivorous marsupials, and affinities of the insectivorous marsupial peramelids. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 59: 217-322 + 21 pls.
  • Archer, M. 1976b. The dasyurid dentition and its relationships to that of didelphids, thylacinids, borhyaenids (Marsupicarnivora) and peramelids (Peramelina: Marsupialia). Australian Journal of Zoology (Supplementary Series) 39: 1- 34.
  • Archer, M. 1978. The nature of the molar-premolar boundary in marsupials and a reinterpretation of the homology of marsupial cheekteeth. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 18: 157- 64.
  • Archer, M. 1981. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 104. Systematic revision of the marsupial dasyurid genus Sminthopsis Thomas. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 168: 61-224.
  • Archer, M. 1982. A review of Miocene thylacinids (Thylacinidae, Marsupialia), the phylogenetic position of the Thylacinidae and the problem of apriorisms in character analysis. In M. Archer (editor), Carnivorous marsupials 2: 445-476. Mosman, NSW: Royal Society of New South Wales.
  • Armstrong, D.M., and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1971. Mammals from the Mexican state of Sinaloa. I. Marsupialia, Insectivora, Edentata, and Lagomorpha. Journal of Mammalogy 52: 747-757.
  • Augustiny, G. 1942. Die Schwimmanpassung von Chironectes. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 39: 276-319.
  • Baker, R.H., and R. DeSalle. 1997. Multiple sources of character information and the phylogeny of Hawaiian drosophilids. Systematic Biology 46: 654-673.
  • Barker, F.K., and F.M. Lutzoni. 2002. The utility of the Incongruence Length Difference test. Systematic Biology 51: 625-637.
  • Barnes, R.D. 1977. The special anatomy of Marmosa robinsoni. In D. Hunsaker (editor), The biology of marsupials: 387-413. New York: Academic Press.
  • Bedford, J.M. 1996. What marsupial gametes disclose about gamete function in eutherian mammals. Reproduction, fertility, and development 8: 569-580.
  • Bensley, B.A. 1903. On the evolution of the Australian Marsupialia; with remarks on the relationships of marsupials in general. Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London (2nd. Series, Zoology) 9: 83-217 + pls. 5-7.
  • Biggers, J.D., H.I. Fritz, W.C.D. Hare, and R.A. McFeeley. 1965. Chromosomes of American marsupials. Science 148: 1602-1603.
  • Birney, E.C., J.A. Monjeau, C. J. Phillips, R. S. Sikes, and I. Kim. 1996. Lestodelphys halli: new information on a poorly known Argentine marsupial. Mastozoologia Neotropical 3: 171- 181.
  • Boas, J.E.V. 1918. Zur Kenntnis des Hinterfusses der Marsupialier. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskaber Biologiske Meddelelser 1(8): 1-23 + 2 pls.
  • Bown, T.M., and M.J. Kraus. 1979. Origin of the tribosphenic molar and metatherian and eutherian dental formulae. In J.A. Lillegraven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and W.A. Clemens (editors), Mesozoic mammals: 172-181.Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Bremer, K. 1994. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 6: 369-372.
  • Bresslau, E. 1920. The mammary apparatus of the Mammalia in the light of ontogenesis and phylogenesis. London: Methuen.
  • Bridges, C.D.B., G.I. Liou, R.A. Alvarez, R.A. Landers, A.M. Landry Jr., and S.-L. Fong. 1986. Distribution of Interstitial Retinol-Binding Protein (IRBP) in the vertebrates. Journal of Experimental Zoology 239: 335-346.
  • Brown, J.C. 1971. The description of mammals. 1. The external characters of the head. Mammal Review 1: 151-168.
  • Brown, J.C., and D.W. Yalden. 1973. The description of mammals. 2. Limbs and locomotion of terrestrial mammals. Mammal Review 3: 107- 134.
  • Bull, J.J., J.P. Hulsenbeck, C.W. Cunningham, D.L. Swofford, and P.J. Waddell. 1993. Partitioning and combining data in phylogenetic analyses. Systematic Biology 42: 384-397.
  • Cabrera, A. 1919. Genera mammalium: Monotremata, Marsupialia. Madrid: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales.
  • Cabrera, A. 1958. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur [part 1]. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ''Bernardino Rivadavia'' (Ciencias Zoologicas) 4: 1-307.
  • Campbell, J.A., and D.R. Frost. 1993. Anguid lizards of the genus Abronia: revisionary notes, descriptions of four new species, a phylogenetic analysis, and key. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 216: 1-121.
  • Carvalho, B.A., L.F.B. Oliveira, A.P. Nunes, and M.S. Mattevi. 2002. Karyotypes of nineteen marsupial species from Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 83: 58-70.
  • Catanese, J. J., and L. F. Kress. 1993. Opposum serum alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor: purification, linear sequence, and resistance to inactivation by rattlesnake venom metalloproteinases. Biochemistry 32: 509-515.
  • Ceballos, G. 1995. Vertebrate diversity, ecology, and conservation in Neotropical dry forests. In S.H. Bullock, H.A. Mooney, and E. Medina (editors), Seasonally dry tropical forests: 195- 219.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ceballos, G., and A. Garcia. 1995. Conserving Neotropical biodiversity: the role of dry forests in western Mexico. Conservation Biology 9: 1349-1356.
  • Ceballos, G., P. Rodriguez, and R. Medellin. 1998. Assessing conservation priorities in megadiverse Mexico: mammalian diversity, endemicity, and endangerment. Ecological Applications 8: 8-17.
  • Charles-Dominique, P. 1983. Ecology and social adaptations in didelphid marsupials: comparisons with eutherians of similar ecology. In J.F. Eisenberg and D.G. Kleiman (editors), Advances in the study of mammalian behavior. Special Publication American Society of Mammalogists 7: 395-422.
  • Choate, J.R. 1970. Systematics and zoogeography of Middle American shrews of the genus Cryptotis. University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 19: 195-317.
  • Cifelli, R.L. 1993. Theria of metatherian-eutheri- an grade and the origin of marsupials. In F.S. Szalay, M.J. Novacek, and M.C. McKenna (editors), Mammal phylogeny: Mesozoic differentiation, multituberculates, monotremes, early therians, and marsupials: 205-215.New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Costa, L.P., Y.L.R. Leite, and J.L. Patton. 2003. Phylogeography and systematic notes on two species of gracile mouse opossums, genus Gracilinanus (Marsupialia, Didelphidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (in press).
  • Coues, E. 1872. The osteology and myology of Didelphys virginiana. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 41-154.
  • Creighton, G.K. 1984. Systematic studies on opossums (Didelphidae) and rodents (Cricetidae). Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms.
  • Crompton, A.W., and K.M. Hiiemae. 1970. Molar occlusion and mandibular movements during occlusion in the American opossum, Didelphis marsupialis. Journal of the Linnaean Society (Zoology) 49: 21-47.
  • da Silva, M. N. F., and A. Langguth. 1989. A new record of Glironia venusta from the lower Amazon, Brazil. Journal of Mammalogy 70: 873- 875.
  • de Queiroz, A., M.J. Donaghue, and J. Kim. 1995. Separate versus combined analysis of phylogenetic evidence. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 26: 657-681.
  • Eisenberg, J.F. 1989. Mammals of the Neotropics, vol. 1: Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Eisenberg, J.F., and K.H. Redford. 1999. Mammals of the Neotropics, vol. 3: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
  • Eisenberg, J.F., and D. Wilson. 1981. Relative brain size and demographic strategies in didelphid marsupials. American Naturalist 118: 1- 15.
  • Enders, R.K. 1937. Panniculus carnosus and formation of the pouch in didelphids. Journal of Morphology 61: 1-26.
  • Engstrom, M.D., and A.L. Gardner. 1988. Karyotype of Marmosa canescens (Marsupialia: Didelphidae): a mouse opossum with 22 chromosomes. Southwestern Naturalist 33: 231- 233.
  • Evans, H.E., and G.C. Christensen. 1979. Anatomy of the dog. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
  • Farris, J.S., M. Kallersjo¨, A.G. Kluge, and C. Bult. 1995a. Constructing a significance test for congruence. Systematic Biology 44: 570-572.
  • Farris, J.S., M. Kallersjo¨, A.G. Kluge, and C. Bult. 1995b. Testing significance of incongruence. Cladistics 10: 315-319.
  • Felsenstein, J. 1978. Cases in which parsimony or compatibility methods will be positively misleading. Systematic Zoology 27: 401-410.
  • Felsenstein, J. 1981. Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. Journal of Molecular Evolution 17: 368-376.
  • Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791.
  • Flores, D.A., M.M. Diaz, and R.M. Barquez. 2000. Mouse opossums (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) of northwestern Argentina: systematics and distribution. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 65: 321-339.
  • Flower, W.H. 1867. On the development and succession of the teeth in the Marsupialia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 157: 631-641 + pls. 29, 30.
  • Flower, W.H. 1885. An introduction to the osteology of the Mammalia, 3rd ed. London: Macmillan.
  • Fong, S.-L., W.-B. Fong, T.A. Morris, K.M. Kedzie, and C.D.B. Bridges. 1990. Characterization and comparative structural features of the gene for human Interstitial Retinol-Binding Protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265: 3648- 3653.
  • Frost, S.B., and R.B. Masterton. 1994. Hearing in primitive mammals: Monodelphis domestica and Marmosa elegans. Hearing Research 76: 67-72.
  • Gardner, A.L. 1973. The systematics of the genus Didelphis (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in North and Middle America. Special Publications of the Museum Texas Tech University 4: 1-81.
  • Gardner, A.L. 1993. Order Didelphimorphia. In D.E. Wilson and D.M. Reeder (editors), Mammal species of the world, 2nd ed: 15-23.Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Gardner, A.L., and G.K. Creighton. 1989. A new generic name for Tate's microtarsus group of South American mouse opossums (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 102: 3-7.
  • Gatesy, J., and P. Arctander. 2000. Hidden morphological support for the phylogenetic placement of Pseudoryx nghetinhensis with bovine bovids: a combined analysis of gross anatomical evidence and DNA sequences from five genes. Systematic Biology 49: 515-538.
  • Gatesy, J., M. Milinkovitch, V. Waddell, and M. Stanhope. 1999a. Stability of cladistic relationships between Cetacea and higher-level artiodactyl taxa. Systematic Biolology 48: 6-20.
  • Gatesy, J., P. O'Grady, and R.H. Baker. 1999b. Corroboration among datasets in simultaneous analysis: hidden support for phylogenetic relationships among higher level artiodactyl taxa. Cladistics 15: 271-314.
  • Gaudin, T.J., J.R. Wible, J.A. Hopson, and W.D. Turnbull. 1996. Reexamination of the evidence for the Cohort Epitheria (Mammalia, Eutheria). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 3: 31-79.
  • Goin, F.J. 1993. Living South American opossums are not living fossils. Abstracts of the 6th International Theriological Congress: 112-113.
  • Goin, F.J. 1997. New clues for understanding Neogene marsupial radiations. In R.F. Kay, R.H. Maddeen, R.L. Cifelli, and J.J. Flynn (editors), Vertebrate paleontology in the Neotropics: the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia: 187-206.Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Goin, F.J., and P. Rey. 1997. Sobre las afinidades de Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 (Mammalia: Marsupialia: Didelphidae: Marmosinae). Neotropica 43: 93-98.
  • Goldman, N. 1993. Statistical tests of models of DNA substitution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 36: 345-361.
  • Grand, T. I. 1983. Body weight: its relationship to tissue composition, segmental distribution of mass, and motor function III. The Didelphidae of French Guyana. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 299-312.
  • Graybeal, A. 1998. Is it better to add taxa or characters to a difficult phylogenetic problem? Systematic Biology 47: 9-17.
  • Hall, E.R. 1981. Mammals of North America, 2nd ed., vol. 1. New York: Wiley.
  • Hall, E.R., and W.C. Russell. 1933. Dermestid beetles as an aid in cleaning bones. Journal of Mammalogy 14: 372-374.
  • Hamrick, M.W. 2001. Morphological diversity in digital skin microstructure of didelphid marsupials. Journal of Anatomy 198: 683-688.
  • Harder, J.D. 1992. Reproductive biology of South American marsupials. In W.C. Hamlett (editor), Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates: 211-228.New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Hasegawa, M., Y. Ilida, T. Yano, F. Takaiwa, and M. Iwabuchi. 1985. Phylogenetic relationships among eukaryotic kingdoms inferred from ribosomal RNA sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 22: 32-38.
  • Hayman, D.L. 1977. Chromosome number-constancy and variation. In B. Stonehouse and D. Gilmore (editors), The biology of marsupials: 27-48.London: Macmillan Press.
  • Hayman, D.L. 1990. Marsupial cytogenetics. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 339-349.
  • Hershkovitz, P. 1951. Mammals from British Honduras, Mexico, Jamaica, and Haiti. Fieldiana Zoology 31: 547-569.
  • Hershkovitz, P. 1992a. Ankle bones: the Chilean opossum Dromiciops gliroides Thomas, and marsupial phylogeny. Bonner zoologische Beitrage 43: 181-213.
  • Hershkovitz, P. 1992b. The South American gracile mouse opossums, genus Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton, 1989 Marmosidae, Marsupialia): a taxonomic review with notes on general morphology and relationships. Fieldiana Zoology (new series) 39: 1-56.
  • Hershkovitz, P. 1997. Composition of the family Didelphidae Gray, 1821 (Didelphoidea: Marsupialia), with a review of the morphology and behavior of the included four-eyed pouched opossums of the genus Philander Tiedemann, 1808. Fieldiana Zoology (new series) 86: 1- 103.
  • Hershkovitz, P. 1999. Dromiciops gliroides Thomas, 1894, last of the Microbiotheria (Marsupialia), with a review of the family Microbiotheriidae. Fieldiana Zoology (new series) 93: 1-60.
  • Hillis, D.M. 1998. Taxonomic sampling, phylogenetic accuracy, and investigator bias. Systematic Biology 47: 3-8.
  • Horovitz, I. 1999. A phylogenetic study of living and fossil platyrrhines. American Museum Novitates 3269: 1-40.
  • Huelsenbeck, J.P. 1995. Performance of phylogenetic methods in simulation. Systematic Biology 44: 17-48.
  • Huelsenbeck, J.P., and D.M. Hillis. 1993. Success of phylogenetic methods in the four-taxon case. Systematic Biology 42: 92-98.
  • Huelsenbeck, J.P., and B. Rannala, 1997. Phylogenetic methods come of age: testing hypoth- eses in an evolutionary context. Science 276: 227-232.
  • ICZN. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th ed. London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
  • Izor, R.J., and R.H. Pine. 1987. Notes on the black-shouldered opossum, Caluromysiops irrupta. Fieldiana Zoology (new series) 39: 117- 124.
  • Jansa, S.A., and R.S. Voss. 2000. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials I. Introduction and preliminary results from nuclear IRBP gene sequences. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7: 43-77.
  • Jenkins, F.A. 1971. Limb posture and locomotion in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis marsupialis) and in other non-cursorial mammals. Journal of Zoology (London) 165: 303-315.
  • Jerison, H. 1973. Evolution of the brain and intelligence. New York: Academic Press.
  • Johanson, Z. 1996. Revision of the Late Cretaceous North American marsupial genus Alphadon. Palaeontographica 242: 127-184 + 12 pls.
  • Jukes, T.H., and C.R. Cantor. 1969. Evolution of protein molecules. In H.N. Munro (editor), Mammalian protein evolution: 21-132.New York: Academic Press.
  • Karttunen, F. 1983. An analytical dictionary of Nahuatl. Austen: University of Texas Press.
  • Kimura, M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111-120.
  • Kimura, M. 1981. Estimation of evolutionary distances between homologous nucleotide sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 78: 454-458.
  • Kirsch, J.A.W. 1977. The classification of marsupials. In D. Hunsaker (editor), The biology of marsupials: 1-50.New York: Academic Press..
  • Kirsch, J.A.W., and M. Archer. 1982. Polythetic cladistics, or, when parsimony's not enough: the relationships of carnivorous marsupials. In M. Archer (editor), Carnivorous marsupials, vol. 2: 595-620. Mosman, NSW: Royal Society of New South Wales.
  • Kirsch, J.A.W., and R.E. Palma. 1995. DNA/DNA hybridization studies of carnivorous marsupials. V. A further estimate of relationships among opossums (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Mammalia 59: 403-425.
  • Kirsch, J.A.W., A.W. Dickerman, and O.A. Reig. 1995. DNA/DNA hybridization studies of carnivorous marsupials IV. Intergeneric relationships of the opossums (Didelphidae). Marmosiana 1: 57-78.
  • Kirsch, J.A.W., F.-J. Lapointe, and M.S. Springer. 1997. DNA-hybridization studies of marsupials and their implications for metatherian classification. Australian Journal of Zoology 45: 211- 280.
  • Krause, W.J., L.R. Forte, F.K. Hamra, and R.H. Freeman. 1997. The North American opossum Didelphis virginiana: an important model for mechanistic studies of secretory diarrhoea and fluid-volume homeostasis. In N. Saunders and L. Hinds (editors), Marsupial biology: recent research, new perspectives: 289-309.Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
  • Krieg, H. 1924. Beobachtungen an argentinischen Beutelratten. Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 1: 637-659.
  • Kusewitt, D.F., G.B. Hubbard, A.R. Warbritton, S.W. McLeskey, K.B. Miska, R.D. Henkel, and E.S. Robinson. 2000. Cellular origins of ultraviolet radiation-induced corneal tumors in the grey short-tailed South American opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Journal of Comparative Pathology 123: 88-95.
  • Lambkin, C.L., M.S.Y. Lee, S.L. Winterton, and D.K. Yates. 2002. Partitioned Bremer support and multiple trees. Cladistics 18: 436-444.
  • Lee, D.-C., and H.N. Bryant. 1999. A reconsideration of the coding of inapplicable characters: assumptions and problems. Cladistics 15: 373- 378.
  • Lemelin, P. 1999. Morphological correlates of substrate use in didelphid marsupials: implications for primate origins. Journal of Zoology (London) 247: 165-175.
  • Lemos, B., and R. Cerqueira. 2002. Morphological differentiation in the white-eared opossum group (Didelphidae: Didelphis). Journal of Mammalogy 83: 354-369.
  • Ley, R.D. 1991. Monodelphis domestica: an animal model for studies in photodermatology including the induction of melanoma. In E. Riklis (editor), Photobiology: the science and its applications: 719-722. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Ley, R.D., V.E. Reeve, and D.F. Kusewitt. 2000. Photobiology of Monodelphis domestica. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 24: 503-516.
  • Lipps, B.V. 1999. Anti-lethal factor from opossum serum is a potent antidote for animal, plant, and bacterial toxins. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins 5: 1-16.
  • Luckett, W.P. 1993. An ontogenetic assessment of dental homologies in therian mammals. In F.S. Szalay, M.J. Novacek, and M.C. McKenna (editors), Mammal phylogeny: Mesozoic differentiation, multituberculates, monotremes, early therians, and marsupials: 182-204.New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Lunde, D.P., and W.A. Schutt Jr. 1999. The pe- culiar carpal tubercles of male Marmosops parvidens and Marmosa robinsoni (Didelphidae: Didelphinae). Mammalia 63: 495-504.
  • Lyne, A.G. 1959. The systematic and adaptive significance of the vibrissae in the Marsupialia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 133: 79-132.
  • MacPhee, R.D.E. 1981. Auditory region of primates and eutherian insectivores: morphology, ontogeny, and character analysis. Contributions to Primatology 18: 1-282.
  • Maddison, W.P. 1993. Missing data versus missing characters in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology 42: 576-581.
  • Marshall, L.G. 1977. Lestodelphys halli. Mammalian Species 81: 1-3.
  • Marshall, L.G. 1978a. Lutreolina crassicaudata. Mammalian Species 91: 1-4.
  • Marshall, L.G. 1978b. Glironia venusta. Mammalian Species 107: 1-3.
  • Marshall, L.G. 1979. Evolution of metatherian and eutherian (mammalian) characters: a review based on cladistic methodology. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 66: 369- 410.
  • Marshall, L.G. 1982. Evolution of South American Marsupialia. Special Publication Series Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology 6: 251-272.
  • Marshall, L.G., and C. de Muizon. 1995. Pucadelphys andinus (Marsupialia, Mammalia) from the early Paleocene of Bolivia. Part II: The skull. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 165: 21-90.
  • Martin, G. F., and X. M. Wang. 1997. Development and developmental plasticity of descending spinal pathways in the North American opossum, Didelphis virginiana. In N. Saunders and L. Hinds (editors), Marsupial biology: recent research, new perspectives: 356-379. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
  • McNab, B.K. 1978. The comparative energetics of Neotropical marsupials. Journal of Comparative Physiology 125: 115-128.
  • Medellin, R.A., A.L. Gardner, and J.M. Aranda. 1998. The taxonomic status of the Yucatan brown brocket, Mazama pandora (Mammalia: Cervidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 111: 1-14.
  • Merriam, C.H. 1897. Descriptions of two new murine opossums from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 11: 43- 44.
  • Merriam, C.H. 1898. Mammals of the Tres Marias Islands, off western Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 12: 13-19.
  • Michaux, J.R., P. Chevret, M.-G. Filippucci, and M. Macholan. 2002. Phylogeny of the genus Apodemus with a special emphasis on the sub- genus Sylvaemus using the nuclear IRBP gene and two mitochondrial markers: cytochrome b and 12S rRNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23: 123-136.
  • Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de. 1936. Didelphia ou Mammalia-Ovovipara. Revista do Museu Paulista 20: 245-424.
  • Mondolfi, E., and G. Medina P. 1957. Contribucion al conocimiento del ''perrito de agua'' (Chironectes minimus Zimmermann). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 17: 141-155.
  • Moore, W.J. 1981. The mammalian skull. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Morton, S.R. 1980. Ecological correlates of caudal fat storage in small mammals. Australian Mammalogy 3: 81-86.
  • Muizon, C. de. 1998. Mayulestes ferox, a borhyaenoid (Metatheria, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia. Phylogenetic and palaeobiologic implications. Geodiversitas 20: 19-142.
  • Muizon, C. de, and B. Lange-Badre´. 1997. Carnivorous dental adaptations in tribosphenic mammals and phylogenetic reconstruction. Lethaia 30: 353-366.
  • Mustrangi, M.A., and J.L. Patton. 1997. Phylogeography and systematics of the slender mouse opossum Marmosops (Marsupialia, Didelphidae). University of California Publications in Zoology 130: 1-86.
  • Nixon, K.C., and J.M. Carpenter. 1993. On outgroups. Cladistics 9: 413-426.
  • Nogueira, J.C., M.N.F. da Silva, and B.G.O. Camara. 1999a. Morphology of the male genital system of the bushy-tailed opossum Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae). Mammalia 63: 231-236.
  • Nogueira, J.C., P.M. Martinelli, S.F. Costa, G.A. Carvalho, and B.G.O. Camara. 1999b. The penis morphology of Didelphis, Lutreolina, Metachirus, and Caluromys (Marsupialia, Didelphidae). Mammalia 63: 79-92.
  • Novacek, M.J. 1991. ''All tree histograms'' and the evaluation of cladistic evidence: some ambiguities. Cladistics 7: 345-349.
  • Novacek, M.J. 1993. Patterns of diversity in the mammalian skull. In J. Hanken and B.K. Hall (editors), The skull, vol. 2: 438-545.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Oliver, L.R. 1976. The management of yapoks (Chironectes minimus) at Jersey Zoo, with observations on their behavior. Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust 13: 32-36.
  • Omland, K.E. 1997. Correlated rates of molecular and morphological evolution. Evolution 51: 1381-1393.
  • Osgood, W.H. 1913. Two new mouse opossums from Yucatan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 26: 175-176.
  • Osgood, W. H. 1921. A monographic study of the American marsupial Caenolestes, with a description of the brain of Caenolestes by C. Judson Herrick. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series 14(1): 1-162 + 22 pls.
  • Palma, R. E., and A. E. Spotorno. 1999. Molecular systematics of marsupials based on the rRNA 12S mitochondrial gene: the phylogeny of Didelphimorphia and of the living fossil microbiotheriid Dromiciops gliroides. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13: 525-535.
  • Palma, R.E., and T.L. Yates. 1996. The chromosomes of Bolivian didelphid marsupials. Occasional Papers of the Museum Texas Tech University 162: 1-20.
  • Palma, R.E., and T.L. Yates. 1998. Phylogeny of southern South American mouse opossums (Thylamys, Didelphidae) based on allozyme and chromosomal data. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 63: 1-15.
  • Patterson, B., and R. Pascual. 1972. The fossil mammal fauna of South America. In A. Keast, F.C. Erk, and B. Glass (editors), Evolution, mammals, and southern continents: 247- 309.Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
  • Patton, J.L., and L.P. Costa. 2003. Molecular phylogeography and species limits in rainforest didelphid marsupials of South America. In: M.E. Jones, C.R. Dickman, and M. Archer (editors), Predators with pouches: the biology of carnivorous marsupials: 63-81.Melbourne: CSIRO Press.
  • Patton, J.L., and M.N.F. da Silva. 1997. Definition of species of pouched four-eyed opossums (Didelphidae, Philander). Journal of Mammalogy 78: 90-102.
  • Patton, J.L., S.F. dos Reis, and M.N.F. da Silva. 1996. Relationships among didelphid marsupials based on sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 3: 3-29.
  • Patton, J.L., M.N.F. da Silva, and J.R. Malcolm. 2000. Mammals of the Rio Jurua and the evolutionary and ecological diversification of Amazonia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 244: 1-306.
  • Pennington, R.T. 1996. Molecular and morphological data provide phylogenetic resolution at different hierarchical levels in Andira. Systematic Biology 45: 496-515.
  • Pepperberg, D.R., T.-I.L. Okajima, B. Wiggert, H. Ripps, R.K. Crouch, and G.J. Chader. 1993. Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP): molecular biology and physiological role in the visual cycle of rhodopsin. Molecular Neurobiology 7: 61-84.
  • Perez-Hernandez, R., P. Soriano, and D. Lew. 1994. Marsupiales de Venezuela. Caracas: Cuadernos Lagoven.
  • Pine, R.H. 1972. A new subgenus and species of murine opossum (genus Marmosa) from Peru. Journal of Mammalogy 53: 279-282.
  • Pine, R.H. 1973. Anatomical and nomenclatural notes on opossums. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 86: 391-402.
  • Pine, R.H. 1981. Reviews of the mouse opossums Marmosa parvidens Tate and Marmosa invicta Goldman (Mammalia: Marsupialia: Didelphidae) with description of a new species. Mammalia 45: 55-70.
  • Pollock, D.D., D.J. Zwickl, J.A. McGuire, and D.M. Hillis. 2002. Increased taxon sampling is advantageous for phylogenetic inference. Systematic Biology 51: 664-671.
  • Redford, K.H., and J.F. Eisenberg. 1992. Mammals of the Neotropics, vol. 2: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
  • Reid, F.A. 1997. A field guide to the mammals of Central America and southeast Mexico. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Reig, O.A., and G.G. Simpson. 1972. Sparassocynus (Marsupialia, Didelphidae), a peculiar mammal from the late Cenozoic of Argentina. Journal of Zoology (London) 167: 511-539.
  • Reig, O.A., A.L. Gardner, N.O. Bianchi, and J.L. Patton. 1977. The chromosomes of the Didelphidae (Marsupialia) and their evolutionary significance. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society of London 9: 91-216.
  • Reig, O.A., J.A.W. Kirsch, and L.G. Marshall. 1985. New conclusions on the relationships of the opossum-like marsupials, with an annotated classification of the Didelphimorphia. Ameghiniana 21: 335-343.
  • Reig, O. A., J. A. W. Kirsch, and L. G. Marshall. 1987. Systematic relationships of the living and Neocenozoic American ''opossum-like'' marsupials (suborder Didelphimorphia), with comments on the classification of these and of the Cretaceous and Paleogene New World and European metatherians. In M. Archer (editor), Possums and opossums: studies in evolution, vol. 1: 1-89.Sydney: Surrey Beatty and Sons.
  • Rodriguez, F., J.L. Oliver, A. Marin, and J.R. Medina. 1990. The general stochastic model of nucleotide substitution. Journal of Theoretical Biology 142: 485-501.
  • Rofe, R., and D. Hayman. 1985. G-banding evidence for a conserved complement in the Marsupialia. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 39: 40-50.
  • Rougier, G.W., J.R. Wible, and M.J. Novacek. 1998. Implications of Deltatheridium specimens for early marsupial history. Nature 396: 459-463. [Data matrix and character descriptions were published electronically as supplementary information at www.nature.com. The first paper publication of this information appeared as appendix 1 of Wible et al., 2001.]
  • Sanchez-Villagra, M. 2001. The phylogenetic relationships of argyrolagid marsupials. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 131: 481- 496.
  • Sanchez-Villagra, M., and K. K. Smith. 1997. Diversity and evolution of the marsupial mandibular angular process. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4: 119-144.
  • Sanchez-Villagra, M., and J.R. Wible. 2002. Patterns of evolutionary transformations in the petrosal bone and some basicranial features in marsupial mammals, with special reference to didelphids. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 40: 26-45.
  • Schaller, O. 1992. Illustrated veterinary anatomical nomenclature. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke Verlag.
  • Sharman, G.B. 1973. The chromosomes of non- Eutherian mammals. In A.B. Chiarelli and E. Capanna (editors) Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution: 485-530.London: Academic Press.
  • Shimodaira, H., and M. Hasegawa. 1999. Multiple comparisons of log-likelihoods with applications to phylogenetic inference. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 1114-1116.
  • Siddall, M.E. 1997. Prior agreement: arbitration or arbitrary? Systematic Biology 46: 765-769.
  • Silveira, L.C.L., C.W. Picanco-Diniz, and E. Oswaldo-Cruz. 1982. Contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity of the opossum. Vision Research 22: 1371-1377.
  • Simpson, G.G. 1971. The evolution of marsupials in South America. Anais Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 43(suppl.): 103-118.
  • Sommer, H.G., and S. Anderson. 1974. Cleaning skeletons with dermestid beetles-two refinements in the method. Curator 17: 290-298.
  • Sorenson, M.D. 1999. TreeRot, version 2 [computer program]. Boston: Boston University.
  • Springer, M.S., A. Burk, J.R. Kavanagh, V.G. Waddell, and M.J. Stanhope. 1997. The Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein gene in therian mammals: implications for higher-level relationships and evidence for loss of function in the marsupial mole. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA 94: 13754- 13759.
  • Springer, M.S., H.M. Amrine, A. Burk, and M.J. Stanhope. 1999. Additional support for Afroth- eria and Paenungulata, the performance of mitochondrial versus nuclear genes, and the impact of data partitions with heterogeneous base composition. Systematic Biology 48: 65-75.
  • Stanhope, M.J., J. Czelusniak, J.-S. Si, J. Nickerson, and M. Goodman. 1992. A molecular perspective on mammalian evolution from the gene encoding Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein, with convincing evidence for bat monophyly. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1: 148-160.
  • Stanhope, M.J., M.R. Smith, V.G. Waddell, C.A. Porter, M.S. Shivji, and M. Goodman. 1996. Mammalian evolution and the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) gene: convincing evidence for several superordinal clades. Journal of Molecular Evolution 43: 83- 92.
  • Steel, M., and D. Penny. 2000. Parsimony, likelihood, and the role of models in molecular phylogenetics. Molecular Biology and Evolution 17: 839-850.
  • Strong, E.E., and D. Lipscomb. 1999. Character coding and inapplicable data. Cladistics 15: 363-371.
  • Suzuki, H., K. Tsuchiya, and N. Takezaki. 2000. A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Ryukyu endemic rodents Tokudaia osimensis and Diplothrix legata. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 15: 15-24.
  • Svartman, M., and A.M. Vianna-Morgante. 1999. Comparative genome analysis in American marsupials: chromosome banding and in-situ hybridization. Chromosome Research 7: 267- 275.
  • Swofford, D.L. 1998. PAUP*, Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, beta version 4.0b10. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
  • Takahashi, F. 1974. Variacao morfologica de incisivos em didelfideos (Marsupialia, didelphinae). Anais Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 46: 413-416.
  • Tamura, K., and M. Nei. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512-526.
  • Tate, G.H.H. 1931. Brief diagnoses of twenty-six apparently new forms of Marmosa (Marsupialia) from South America. American Museum Novitates 493: 1-14.
  • Tate, G.H.H. 1933. A systematic revision of the marsupial genus Marmosa with a discussion of the adaptive radiation of the murine opossums (Marmosa). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 66: 1-250 + 26 pls.
  • Tate, G.H.H. 1947. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 56: On the anatomy and classi- fication of the Dasyuridae (Marsupialia). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 88: 97-156.
  • Tate, G. H. H. 1948. Results of the Archibold Expeditions. No. 60: Studies in the Peramelidae (Marsupialia). Bulletin of the American Museum Natural History 92: 313-346.
  • Thomas, O. 1887. On the homologies and succession of the teeth in the Dasyuridae, with an attempt to trace the history of the evolution of mammalian teeth in general. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 178B: 443-462.
  • Thomas, O. 1888. Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremata in the collection of the British Museum (Natural History). London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History).
  • Thomas, O. 1902. On Marmosa marmota and elegans, with descriptions of new subspecies of the latter. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7(10): 158-162.
  • Thomas, O. 1920. On mammals from the lower Amazons in the Goeldi Museum, Para. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9(6): 266- 283.
  • Thomas, O. 1921. A new short-tailed opossum from Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9(8): 441-442.
  • Thwin, M.M., and P. Gopalakrishnakone. 1998. Snake envenomation and protective natural endogenous proteins: a mini review of recent developments. Toxicon 36: 1471-1482.
  • Tiemier, O.W. 1940. The dermestid method of cleaning skeletons. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 26: 377-383.
  • Tribe, C.J. 1990. Dental age classes in Marmosa incana and other didelphoids. Journal of Mammalogy 71: 566-569.
  • Tyndale-Biscoe, H., and M. Renfree. 1987. Reproductive physiology of marsupials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • VandeBerg, J.L. 1990. The gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) as a model didelphid species for genetic research. Australian Journal of Zoology 37: 235-247.
  • VandeBerg, J.L., and E.S. Robinson. 1997. The laboratory possum (Monodelphis domestica) in biomedical research. In N. Saunders and L. Hinds (editors), Marsupial biology: recent research, new perspectives: 238-253.Sydney: University of New South Wales Press.
  • van der Klaauw, C.J. 1931. The auditory bulla in some fossil mammals, with an introduction to this region of the skull. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 62: 1-352.
  • Villa-Ramirez, B. 1991. El tlacuatzin o raton tlacuache Marmosa canescens canescens (Marsupialia, Didelphidae) en una localidad nueva del estado de Morelos, Mexico. Annales del Instituto de Biologia de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (Serie Zoologica) 62: 147-150.
  • Voss, R.S., D.P. Lunde, and N.B. Simmons. 2001. The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a Neotropical rainforest fauna. Part 1. Nonvolant species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 263: 1-236.
  • Vrana, P., and W. Wheeler. 1992. Individual organisms as terminal entities: laying the species problem to rest. Cladistics 8: 67-72.
  • Wainberg, R.L., T. Gentile de Fronza, and J.G. Garcia. 1979. Cromosomas marsupiales del genero Marmosa: M. pusilla bruchi, M. agilis chacoensis, y M. microtarsus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Physis 38: 33-38.
  • Wetterer, A.L., M.V. Rockman, and N.B. Simmons. 2000. Phylogeny of phyllostomid bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): data from diverse morphological systems, sex chromosomes, and restriction sites. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 248: 1-200.
  • Wheeler, W.C. 1992. Extinction, sampling, and molecular phylogenetics. In M.J. Novacek and Q.D. Wheeler (editors), Extinction and phylogeny: 205-215.New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Wible, J.R. 1990. Petrosals of Late Cretaceous marsupials from North America and a cladistic analysis of the petrosal in therian mammals. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10: 183- 205.
  • Wible, J.R., G.W. Rougier, M.J. Novacek, and M.C. McKenna. 2001. Earliest eutherian ear region: a petrosal referred to Prokennalestes from the Early Cretaceous of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 3322: 1-44.
  • Wiens, J.J. 2000. Coding morphological variation within species and higher taxa for phylogenetic analysis. In J.J. Wiens (editor) Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data: 115-145.Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Wilkinson, M. 1992. Ordered versus unordered characters. Cladistics 8: 375-385.
  • Wilkinson, M. 1995. A comparison of two methods of character construction. Cladistics 11: 297-308.
  • Wilson, D.W. 1991. Mammals of the Tres Marias Islands. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 206: 214-250.
  • Wilson, D.W., and D.A. Reeder. 1993. Mammal species of the world, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Winge, H. 1941. The interrelationships of the mammalian genera. Vol. 1: Monotremata, Marsupialia, Insectivora, Chiroptera, Edentata. Copenhagen: C.A. Reitzels Forlag. [English translation by E. Deichmann and G.M. Allen of Winge's (1923) ''Pattedyrslaegter''.]
  • Woodman, N., and R.M. Timm. 1993. Intraspecific and interspecific variation in the Cryptotis nigrescens species complex of small-eared shrews (Insectivora: Soricidae), with the description of a new species from Colombia. Fieldiana Zoology (new series) 74: 1-30.
  • Wroe, S. 1997. A reexamination of proposed morphology-based synapomorphies for the families of Dasyuromorphia (Marsupialia). I. Dasyuridae. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4: 19- 52.
  • Wroe, S., M. Ebach, S. Ahyong, C. de Muizon, and J. Muirhead. 2000. Cladistic analysis of dasyuromorphian (Marsupialia) phylogeny using cranial and dental characters. Journal of Mammalogy 81: 1008-1024.
  • Yang, Z. 1994. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation from DNA sequences with variable rates over sites: approximate methods. Journal of Molecular Evolution 39: 105-111.
  • Yoder, A. D., and J. A. Irwin. 1999. Phylogeny of the Lemuridae: effects of character and taxon sampling on resolution of species relationships within Eulemur. Cladistics 15: 351-361.
  • Zharkikh, A. 1994. Estimation of evolutionary distances between nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 39: 315-329.
  • Zwickl, D.J., and D.M. Hillis. 2002. Increased taxon sampling greatly reduces phylogenetic error. Systematic Biology 51: 588-598.